References
- Gratton M C, Ellison S R, Hunt J, Ma O J. Prospective determination of medical necessity for ambulance transport by paramedics. Prehosp Emerg Care 2003; 7: 466–69, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Camasso-Richardson K, Wilde J A, Petrack E M. Medically unnecessary pediatric ambulance transports: a medical taxi service?. Acad Emerg Med 1997; 4: 1137–41, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Kost S, Arruda J. Appropriateness of ambulance transportation to a suburban pediatric emergency department. Prehosp Emerg Care 1999; 3: 187–90, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Rosenberg N, Knazik S, Cohen S, Simpson P. Use of emergency medical services transport system in medical patients up to 3 months of age. Pediatr Emerg Care 1998; 14: 191–3, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Schaefer R A, Rea T D, Plorde M, Peiguss K, Goldberg P, Murray J A. An emergency medical services program of alternate destination of patient care. Prehosp Emerg Care 2002; 6 309–14, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Jaslow D, Barbera J A, Johnson E, Moore W. EMS-initiated refusal andalternative methods of transport. Prehosp Emerg Care 1998; 2: 18–22, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Wolfberg D M. Sign here andwe're gone. Journal of EMS March, 2000; 140–1, [CSA]
- Hall S A. Difficult decisions; Respecting a patients right to refuse treatment. Journal of EMS May, 1994; 11–13, [CSA]
- Seltzer A G, Vilke G M, Chan T C, Fisher R, Dunford J V. Outcome study of minors after parental refusal of paramedic transport. Prehosp Emerg Care 2001; 5: 278–83, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Gerlacher G R, Sirbaugh P E, Macias C G. Prehospital evaluation of non-transported pediatric patients by a large emergency medical services system. Pediatr Emerg Care 2001; 17: 421–24, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Selden B S, Schnitzer P G, Nolan F X, et al. The “no patient” run; 2698 patients evaluated but not transported by paramedics. Prehosp Disaster Med 1991; 6: 135–42, [CSA]
- Gausch-Hill M, Ramon W J, Warden C R, Brennan J. The role of the emergency physician in emergency medical services for children. Ann Emerg Med 2003; 42: 206–15, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Seidel J S, Henderson D, Tittle S, et al. Priorities for research in emergency medical services for children: results of a consensus conference. Ann Emerg Med 33; 22: 206–10, [CSA]
- U.S Census Bureau. State andcounty Quick Facts, data derived from Population Estimates. Census of Population andHousing. 2000
- 1997, Region 8 EMS Protocol, Summit County, OH, unpublished
- Foltin G L, Pons S, Tunik M, et al. Pediatric ambulance utilization in a large American city: a systems analysis approach. Pediatr Emerg Care 1998; 14: 254–58, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Joyce S M, Brown D E, Nelson E A. Epidemiology of pediatric EMS practice: a multistate analysis. Prehosp Disaster Med 1996; 11: 180–7, [CSA]
- McCraig L F, Burt C W. National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey:2002 Emergency Department. Advance Data From Vital andHealth Statistics. No 340, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD 2004
- Cone D C, Kim D T, Davidson S J. Patient-initiated refusals of prehospital care: ambulance call report documentation, patient outcome, andon-line medical command. Prehosp Disaster Med 1995; 10: 3–9, [CSA]
- Tsai A, Kallsen G. Epidemiology of pediatric prehospital care. Ann Emerg Med 1987; 16: 284–92, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Gausch M, Henderson D P, Seidel J S, et al. Vital signs as part of the prehospital assessment of the pediatric patient. Ann Emerg Med 1990; 19: 173–8, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Zaritsky A, French J P, Schafermeyer R, et al. A statewide evaluation of pediatric prehospital andhospital emergency services. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1994; 148: 76–81, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Pomerantz W J, Schubert C J, Atherton H D, Kotogal U R. Characterstics of nonurgent emergency department use in the first 3 months of life. Pediatr Emerg Care 2002; 18: 403–8, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Diekema D S, Del Beccaro M A, Cummings P, Quan L. Physician parents andutilization of a pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 1996; 12: 400–3, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Burnstein J L, Hollander J E, Delagi R, Gold M, Henry M C, Alicandro J M. Refusal of out-of-hospital medical care: effect of medical-control physician assertiveness on transport rate. Acad Emerg Med 1998; 5: 4–8, [CSA]
- Alicandro J, Hollander J E, Henry M C, Sciammarella J, Stapleton E, Gentile D. Impact of interventions for patients refusing emergency medical services transport. Acad Emerg Med 1995; 2: 480–5, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Stark G, Hedges J R, Neely K, Norton R. Patients who initially refuse prehospital evaluation and/or therapy. Am J Emerg Med 1990; 8: 509–11, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Schmidt T A, Mann C, Federiuk C S, Atcheson R, Fuller D, Christie M J. Do patients refusing transport remember descriptions of risk after initial advanced life support assessment?. Acad Emerg Med 1998; 5: 796–801, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Moss S T, Chan T C, Buchanan J, Dunford J V, Vilke G M. Outcome study of prehospital patients signed out against medical advice by field paramedics. Ann Emerg Med 1998; 31: 248–53, [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Silvestri S, Rothrock S G, Kennedy D, Ladde J, Bryant M, Pagane J. Can paramedics accurately identify patients who do not require emergency department evaluation. Prehosp Emerg Care 2002; 6: 387–90, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]