1,802
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Education and Practice

Non-Auto-Injector Epinephrine Administration by Basic Life Support Providers: A Literature Review and Consensus Process

Pages 855-861 | Received 28 Nov 2018, Accepted 10 Mar 2019, Published online: 19 Apr 2019

References

  • Sheikh A, Shehata YA, Brown SG, Simons FE. Adrenaline (epinephrine) for the treatment of anaphylaxis with and without shock. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008(4):CD006312. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006312.pub2.
  • Lieberman P, Nicklas RA, Randolph C, Oppenheimer J, Bernstein D, Bernstein J, Ellis A, Golden DB, Greenberger P, Kemp S, et al. Anaphylaxis—a practice parameter update. Ann Alergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;115:341–84. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2015.07.019.
  • Kemp SF, Lockey RF, Simons FE. Epinephrine: The drug of choice for anaphylaxis. A statement of the World Allergy Organization. Allergy. 2008;63:1061–70. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01733.x.
  • Fortenberry JE, Laine J, Shalit M. Use of epinephrine for anaphylaxis by emergency medical technicians in a wilderness setting. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;25:785–7. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(95)70208-3.
  • Lindbeck GH, Burns DM Rockwell DD. Out-of-hospital provider use of epinephrine for allergic reactions: pilot program. Acad Emerg Med. 1995;2:592–6.
  • Cone DC. Subcutaneous epinephrine for out-of-hospital treatment of anaphylaxis. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2002;6:67–8. doi:10.1080/10903120290938823.
  • National Association of EMS Physicians. The use of epinephrine for out-of-hospital treatment of anaphylaxis. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2011;15:544.
  • Jacobsen RC, Millin MG. The use of epinephrine for out-of-hospital treatment of anaphylaxis: Resource document for the National Association of EMS Physicians position statement. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2011;15:570–6. doi:10.3109/10903127.2011.598619.
  • McDougle L, Klein GL, Hoehler FK. Management of hymenoptera sting anaphylaxis: A preventive medicine survey. J Emerg Med. 1995;13:9–13.
  • Sicherer SH, Forman JA, Noone SA. Use assessment of self-administered epinephrine among food-allergic children and pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2000;105:359–62.
  • Duhig C. Outcry over EpiPen prices hasn't made them lower. New York Times. June 4, 2017. [accessed 2018 Sept 12]. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/04/business/angry-about-epipen-prices-executive-dont-care-much.html.
  • Latimer AJ, Husain S, Nola J, Doreswamy V, Rea TD, Sayre MR, Eisenber MS. Syringe administration of epinephrine by emergency medical technicians for anaphylaxis. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2018;22:319–25. doi:10.1080/10903127.2017.1392667.
  • National Association of EMS Physicians. Use of epinephrine for out-of-hospital treatment of anaphylaxis. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2019: doi:10.1080/10903127.2018.1551453.
  • Brasted ID, Ruppel MC. Anaphylaxis and its treatment. EMS World. 2016;45(9):31–7.
  • Brasted ID, Dailey MW. Basic life support access to injectable epinephrine across the United States. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2017;21(4): 442–447. doi:10.1080/10903127.2017.1294224.
  • Cashin S. Is there a role for prehospital intramuscular adrenaline in anaphylaxis? Austr J Emerg Care. 1996;3(1):11–5.
  • Goldhaber SZ. Administration of epinephrine by emergency medical technicians. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:822. doi:10.1056/NEJM200003163421115.
  • Safdar B, Cone DC, Pharm K-T C. Subcutaneous epinephrine in the prehospital setting. Prehosp Emerg Care 2001;5(2):200–7. doi:10.1080/10903120190940137.
  • Cunningham SR. EMT-basics and epinephrine. Emergency (01625942). 1995;27(6):18–25.
  • Simons FE, Lieberman PL, Read EJ, Edwards ES. Hazards of unintentional injection of epinephrine from autoinjectors: a systematic review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009;102:282–7. doi:10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60332-8.
  • Simons FE, Edwards ES, Read EJ, Clark S, Liebelt EL. Voluntarily reported unintentional injections from epinephrine auto-injectors. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125:419–23. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.056.
  • Stecher D, Bulloch B, Sales J, Schaefer C, Keahey L. Epinephrine auto-injectors: is needle length adequate for delivery of epinephrine intramuscularly? Pediatrics. 2009;124:65–70. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3388.
  • Bhalla MC, Gable BD, Frey JA, Reichenbach MR, Wilber ST. Predictors of epinephrine autoinjector needle length inadequacy. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31:1671–6. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2013.09.001.
  • Song TT, Lieberman P. Epinephrine auto-injector needle length: what is the ideal length? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;16:361–5. doi:10.1097/ACI.0000000000000283.
  • Tsai G, Kim L, Nevis IF, Dominic A, Potts R, Chiu J, Kim HL. Auto-injector needle length may be inadequate to deliver epinephrine intramuscularly in women with confirmed food allergy. Allergy, Asthma, Clin Immunol. 2014;10(1):39. doi:10.1186/1710-1492-10-39.
  • Millin MG, Johnson DE, Schimelpfenig T, Conover K, Sholl M, Busko J, Alter R, Smith W, Symonds J, Taillac P, Hawkins SC. Medical oversight, educational core content, and proposed scopes of practice of wilderness EMS providers: A joint project developed by wilderness EMS educators, medical directors, and regulators using a Delphi approach. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2017;21:673–81. doi:10.1080/10903127.2017.1335815.
  • Chime NO, Riese VG, Scherzer DJ, Perretta JS, McNamara L, Rosen MA, Hunt EA. Epinephrine auto-injector versus drawn up epinephrine for anaphylaxis management: A scoping review. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2017;18:764–9. doi:10.1097/PCC.0000000000001197.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.