329
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Military Medicine

U.S. Military Medical Evacuation and Prehospital Care of Pediatric Trauma Casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan

, DSc PA-C, , MD PhD MS, , BSN, , MD & , DO MS
Pages 265-272 | Received 15 Feb 2019, Accepted 29 May 2019, Published online: 19 Jun 2019

References

  • Edwards MJ, Lustik M, Burnett MW, Eichelberger M. Pediatric inpatient humanitarian care in combat: Iraq and Afghanistan 2002 to 2012. J Am Coll Surg. 2014;218(5):1018–23. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2013.12.050.
  • Borgman M, Matos RI, Blackbourne LH, Spinella PC. Ten years of military pediatric care in Afghanistan and Iraq. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(6 Suppl 5):S509–S13. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e318275477c.
  • ATLS Subcommittee; American College of Surgeons’ Committee on Trauma; International ATLS Working Group. Advanced trauma life support (ATLS(R)): the ninth edition. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013;74(5):1363–6.
  • Naylor JF, April MD, Roper JL, Hill GJ, Clark P, Schauer SG. Emergency department imaging of pediatric trauma patients during combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. Pediatr Radiol. 2018;48(5):620–5. doi: 10.1007/s00247-017-4065-9.
  • Harless J, Ramaiah R, Bhananker SM. Pediatric airway management. Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci. 2014;4(1):65–70. doi: 10.4103/2229-5151.128015.
  • Schauer SG, Naylor JF, Hill GJ, Arana AA, Roper JL, April MD. Association of prehospital intubation with decreased survival among pediatric trauma patients in Iraq and Afghanistan. Am J Emerg Med. 2018;36(4):657–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.11.066.
  • Schauer SG, April MD, Hill GJ, Naylor JF, Borgman MA, De Lorenzo RA. Prehospital interventions performed on pediatric trauma patients in Iraq and Afghanistan. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2018;22(5):624–9.
  • Schauer SG, Arana AA, Naylor JF, Hill GJ, April MD. Prehospital analgesia for pediatric trauma patients in Iraq and Afghanistan. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2018;22(5):608–13. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000001818.
  • Edwards MJ, Lustik M, Eichelberger MR, Elster E, Azarow K, Coppola C. Blast injury in children: an analysis from Afghanistan and Iraq, 2002-2010. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(5):1278–83. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e318270d3ee.
  • Mabry RL, Apodaca A, Penrod J, Orman JA, Gerhardt RT, Dorlac WC. Impact of critical care–trained flight paramedics on casualty survival during helicopter evacuation in the current war in Afghanistan. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;73(2):S32–S7. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3182606001.
  • Galvagno SM, Jr, Mabry RL, Maddry J, Kharod CU, Walrath BD, Powell E, Shackelford S. Measuring US Army medical evacuation: metrics for performance improvement. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018;84(1):150–6. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001715.
  • Mabry RL, De Lorenzo RA. Sharpening the edge: paramedic training for flight medics. US Army Med Dep J. 2011:92–101.
  • Holland SR, Apodaca A, Mabry RL. MEDEVAC: survival and physiological parameters improved with higher level of flight medic training. Mil Med. 2013;178(5):529–36. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-12-00286.
  • Maddry JK, Mora AG, Savell S, Reeves LK, Perez CA, Bebarta VS. Combat MEDEVAC: a comparison of care by provider type for en route trauma care in theater and 30-day patient outcomes. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;81(5):S104–10. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001119.
  • Lehmann R, Oh J, Killius S, Cornell M, Furay E, Martin M. Interhospital patient transport by rotary wing aircraft in a combat environment: risks, adverse events, and process improvement. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2009;66(4):S31–S6. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31819d9575.
  • Hatzfeld JJ, Dukes S, Bridges E. Chapter 3 innovations in the en route care of combat casualties. Annu Rev Nurs Res. 2014;32(1):41–62. doi: 10.1891/0739-6686.32.41.
  • Creamer KM, Edwards MJ, Shields CH, Thompson MW, Clifton EY, Adelman W. Pediatric wartime admissions to US military combat support hospitals in Afghanistan and Iraq: learning from the first 2,000 admissions. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2009;67(4):762–8. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31818b1e15.
  • Spinella PC, Borgman MA, Azarow KS. Pediatric trauma in an austere combat environment. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(7):S293–S6. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31817da99f.
  • Burnett MW, Spinella PC, Azarow KS, Callahan CW. Pediatric care as part of the US Army medical mission in the global war on terrorism in Afghanistan and Iraq, December 2001 to December 2004. Pediatrics. 2008;121(2):261–5. doi: 10.1542/peds.2006-3666.
  • Schauer SG, Hill GJ, Naylor JF, April MD, Borgman M, Bebarta VS. Emergency department resuscitation of pediatric trauma patients in Iraq and Afghanistan. Am J Emerg Med. 2018;36(9):1540–4. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.01.014.
  • Glenn MA, Martin KD, Monzon D, Nettles W, Rodriquez VM, Lovasz D, Defeo TA, Flaherty S. Implementation of a combat casualty trauma registry. J Trauma Nurs. 2008;15(4):181–4. doi: 10.1097/01.JTN.0000343323.47463.aa.
  • O’Connell KM, Littleton-Kearney MT, Bridges E, Bibb SC. Evaluating the Joint Theater Trauma Registry as a data source to benchmark casualty care. Mil Med. 2012;177(5):546–52. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-11-00422.
  • Schauer SG, Naylor JF, Oliver JJ, Maddry JK, April MD. An analysis of casualties presenting to military emergency departments in Iraq and Afghanistan. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37(1):94–9.
  • Schauer SG, Hill GJ, Naylor JF, April MD, Borgman M, Bebarta VS. Emergency department resuscitation of pediatric trauma patients in Iraq and Afghanistan. Am J Emerg Med. 2018;36(9):1540–4.
  • Kotwal RS, Staudt AM, Trevino JD, Valdez-Delgado KK, Le TD, Gurney JM, Sauer SW, Shackelford SA, Stockinger ZT, Mann-Salinas EA. A review of casualties transported to Role 2 medical treatment facilities in Afghanistan. Mil Med. 2018;183(suppl_1):134–45. doi: 10.1093/milmed/usx211.
  • Morrison JJ, Oh J, DuBose JJ, O’reilly DJ, Russell RJ, Blackbourne LH, Midwinter MJ, Rasmussen TE. En-route care capability from point of injury impacts mortality after severe wartime injury. Ann Surg. 2013;257(2):330–4. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31827eefcf.
  • Allen CJ, Teisch LF, Meizoso JP, Ray JJ, Schulman CI, Namias N, Sola JE, Proctor KG. Prehospital care and transportation of pediatric trauma patients. J Surg Res. 2015;197(2):240–6. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.03.005.
  • McCowan CL, Swanson ER, Thomas F, Handrahan DL. Outcomes of pediatric trauma patients transported from rural and urban scenes. Air Med J. 2008;27(2):78–83. doi: 10.1016/j.amj.2007.10.001.
  • Paul TR, Marias M, Pons PT, Pons KA, Moore EE. Adult versus pediatric prehospital trauma care: is there a difference? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 1999;47(3):455–9. doi: 10.1097/00005373-199909000-00004.
  • Potoka DA, Schall LC, Gardner MJ, Stafford PW, Peitzman AB, Ford HR. Impact of pediatric trauma centers on mortality in a statewide system. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2000;49(2):237–45. doi: 10.1097/00005373-200008000-00009.
  • American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Orthopaedics; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Critical Care; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Surgery; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Transport Medicine; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine; Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America, Krug SE, Tuggle DW. Management of pediatric trauma. Pediatrics. 2008;121(4):849–54.
  • Ramenofsky ML, Luterman A, Quindlen E, Riddick L, Curreri PW. Maximum survival in pediatric trauma: the ideal system. J Trauma. 1984;24(9):818–23.
  • Shah MI. Prehospital management of pediatric trauma. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med. 2010;11(1):10–7. doi: 10.1016/j.cpem.2009.12.003.
  • Suominen P, Baillie C, Kivioja A, Korpela R, Rintala R, Silfvast T, Olkkola KT. Prehospital care and survival of pediatric patients with blunt trauma. J Pediatr Surg. 1998;33(9):1388–92. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3468(98)90014-8.
  • Bankole S, Asuncion A, Ross S, Aghai Z, Nollah L, Echols H, Da-Silva S. First responder performance in pediatric trauma: a comparison with an adult cohort. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011;12(4):e166–70. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181f36f6e.
  • Robinson JB, Smith MP, Gross KR, Sauer SW, Geracci JJ, Day CD, Kotwal RS. Battlefield documentation of tactical combat casualty care in Afghanistan. US Army Med Dep J. 2016;(2–16):87–94.
  • Schauer SG, April MD, Naylor JF, Oliver JJ, Cunningham CW, Fisher AD, Kotwal RS. A descriptive analysis of data from the Department of Defense Joint Trauma System Prehospital Trauma Registry. US Army Med Dep J. 2017;(3–17):92–7.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.