Comparing the Accuracy of Mass Casualty Triage Systems When Used in an Adult Population

References

• Jenkins JL, McCarthy ML, Sauer LM, Green GB, Stuart S, Thomas TL, Hsu EB. Mass-casualty triage: time for an evidence-based approach. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2008;23:3–8. doi:10.1017/S1049023X00005471.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lerner EB, Schwartz RB, Coule PL, Weinstein ES, Cone DC, Hunt RC, Sasser SM, Liu JM, Nudell NG, Wedmore IS, et al. Mass casualty triage: an evaluation of the data and development of a proposed national guideline. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2008;2:S25–S34. doi:10.1097/DMP.0b013e318182194e.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alenyo AN, Smith WP, McCaul M, Van Hoving DJ. A comparison between differently skilled prehospital emergency care providers in major-incident triage in South Africa. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33:575–580. doi:10.1017/S1049023X18000699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badiali S, Giugni A, Marcis L. Testing the START triage protocol: can it improve the ability of nonmedical personnel to better triage patients during disasters and mass casualties incidents? Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2017;11:305–309. doi:10.1017/dmp.2016.151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cone DC, Serra J, Burns K, MacMillan DS, Kurland L, Van Gelder C. Pilot test of the SALT mass casualty triage system. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009;13:536–540. doi:10.1080/10903120802706252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cone DC, Serra J, Kurland L. Comparison of the SALT and Smart triage systems using a virtual reality simulator with paramedic students. Eur J Emerg Med. 2011;18:314–321. doi:10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328345d6fd.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuttance G, Dansie K, Rayner T. Paramedic application of a triage sieve: a paper-based exercise. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32:3–13. doi:10.1017/S1049023X16001163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deluhery MR, Lerner EB, Pirrallo RG, Schwartz RB. Paramedic accuracy using SALT triage after a brief initial training. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2011;15:526–532. doi:10.3109/10903127.2011.569852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CW, McLeod SL, Peddle MB. First responder accuracy using SALT after brief initial training. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30:447–451. doi:10.1017/S1049023X15004975.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee CW, McLeod SL, Van Aarsen K, Klingel M, Franc JM, Peddle MB. First responder accuracy using SALT during mass-casualty incident simulation. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31:150–154. doi:10.1017/S1049023X16000091.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner EB, Schwartz RB, Coule PL, Pirrallo RG. Use of SALT triage in a simulated mass-casualty incident. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2010;14:21–25. doi:10.3109/10903120903349812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson A, Aslund K, Lampi M, Nilsson H, Jonson CO. Improved and sustained triage skills in firemen after a short training intervention. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2015;23:81. doi:10.1186/s13049-015-0162-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risavi BL, Salen PN, Heller MB, Arcona S. A two-hour intervention using START improves prehospital triage of mass casualty incidents. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2001;5:197–199. doi:10.1080/10903120190940128.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sapp RF, Brice JH, Myers JB, Hinchey P. Triage performance of first-year medical students using a multiple-casualty scenario, paper exercise. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2010;25:239–245. doi:10.1017/S1049023X00008104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenker JD, Goldstein S, Braun J, Werner A, Buccellato F, Asaeda G, Prezant DJ. Triage accuracy at a multiple casualty incident disaster drill: the Emergency Medical Service, Fire Department of New York City experience. J Burn Care Res. 2006;27:570–575. doi:10.1097/01.BCR.0000235450.12988.27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent DS, Burgess L, Berg BW, Connolly KK. Teaching mass casualty triage skills using iterative multimanikin simulations. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009;13:241–246. doi:10.1080/10903120802706088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross KP, Cicero MX. Head-to-head comparison of disaster triage methods in pediatric, adult, and geriatric patients. Ann Emerg Med. 2013;61:668–676 e7. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.12.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner A, Lee A, Harrison K, Schultz CH. Comparative analysis of multiple-casualty incident triage algorithms. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38:541–548. doi:10.1067/mem.2001.119053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner EB, McKee CH, Cady CE, Cone DC, Colella MR, Cooper A, Coule PL, Lairet JR, Liu JM, Pirrallo RG, et al. A consensus-based gold standard for the evaluation of mass casualty triage systems. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2015;19:267–271. doi:10.3109/10903127.2014.959222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heffernan RW, Lerner EB, McKee CH, Browne LR, Colella MR, Liu JM, Schwartz RB. Comparing the Accuracy of Mass Casualty Triage Systems in a Pediatric Population. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2019;23:304–308. doi:10.1080/10903127.2018.1520946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulholland SA, Gabbe BJ, Cameron P, Victorian State Trauma Outcomes R, Monitoring G. Is paramedic judgement useful in prehospital trauma triage? Injury. 2005;36:1298–1305. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2005.07.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engum SA, Mitchell MK, Scherer LR, Gomez G, Jacobson L, Solotkin K, Grosfeld JL. Prehospital triage in the injured pediatric patient. J Pediatr Surg. 2000;35:82–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qazi K, Kempf JA, Christopher NC, Gerson LW. Paramedic judgment of the need for trauma team activation for pediatric patients. Acad Emerg Med. 1998;5:1002–1007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holst JA, Perman SM, Capp R, Haukoos JS, Ginde AA. Undertriage of trauma-related deaths in U.S. Emergency Departments. WestJEM. 2016;17:315–323. doi:10.5811/westjem.2016.2.29327.
   Google Scholar
• MacKenzie EJ, Rivara FP, Jurkovich GJ, Nathens AB, Frey KP, Egleston BL, Salkever DS, Scharfstein DO. A national evaluation of the effect of trauma-center care on mortality. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:366–378. doi:10.1056/NEJMsa052049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma. Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient. Chicago, IL: American College of Surgeons; 2014. 25 p.
   Google Scholar
• Kahn CA, Schultz CH, Miller KT, Anderson CL. Does START triage work? An outcomes assessment after a disaster. Ann Emerg Med. 2009;54:424–430. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.12.035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar