References
- Tavares W , Drennan I , Van Diepen K , Abanil M , Kedzierski N , Spearen C , Barrette N , Mercuri M . Building capacity in healthcare by re-examining clinical services in paramedicine. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2017;21:652–661. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10903127.2017.1311391.
- Choi BY , Blumberg C , Williams K . Mobile integrated health care and community paramedicine: an emerging emergency medical services concept. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;67:361–366. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.06.005.
- International Association of Fire Chiefs . Handbook on mobile integrated healthcare. Chantilly (VA): IAFC. Available from: https://www.iafc.org/docs/default-source/1ems/iafchandbookformih.pdf?sfvrsn=aa44b30d_0 [accessed March 18, 2019].
- University of Pennsylvania Division of the Vice Provost for University Life, Medical Amnesty Policy. Available from: https://www.vpul.upenn.edu/alcohol/amnesty.php [accessed March 27, 2019].
- University of Pennsylvania, Division of Public Safety, Medical Emergency Response Team. Available from: https://www.publicsafety.upenn.edu/about/fire-and-emergency-services/medical-emergency-response-team/ [accessed March 27, 2019].
- Protocol 111, Refusal of Treatment/transport, Pennsylvania Statewide Basic Life Support Protocols. Available from: https://www.health.pa.gov/topics/Documents/EMS/2019%20PA%20BLS%20Protocols%20Final.pdf [accessed September 4, 2019].
- University of Pennsylvania Division of the Vice Provost for University Life, Alcohol and Other Drug Program Initiatives. Available from: https://www.vpul.upenn.edu/alcohol/education.php [accessed May 28, 2019].
- Percy J . Trapped by the Walmart of Heroin. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/10/magazine/kensington-heroin-opioid-philadelphia.html [accessed March 21, 2019].
- Philadelphia Department of Public Health . Fatal drug overdoses in Philadelphia, 2018. Available from: https://www.phila.gov/media/20190514124326/chart-v4e3_revise.pdf [accessed May 30, 2019].
- Whelan A , Schaefer MA . Philly overdose drug may have contained toxic designer drug. Available from: https://www.philly.com/philly/health/heroin-contamination-philadelphia-synthetic-cannabinoid-cfsre-20180726.html [accessed April 16, 2019].
- City of Philadelphia, Philadelphia Resilience Project. Available from: https://www.phila.gov/programs/philadelphia-resilience-project/ [accessed May 21, 2019].
- Emergency Medical Services: At the Crossroads. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Available from: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/11629/emergency-medical-services-at-the-crossroads [accessed April 10, 2019].
- Lin MP , Baker O , Richardson LD , Schuur JD . Trends in emergency department visits and admission rates among US acute care hospitals. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178:1708–1710. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4725.
- Augustine JJ . Emergency Medical Services Arrivals, Admission Rates to the Emergency Department Analyzed. ACEP Now, 2014. Available from: https://www.acepnow.com/article/emergency-medical-services-arrivals-admission-rates-emergency-department-analyzed/ [accessed April 16, 2019].
- Kashani S , Ito T , Guggenheim A , Sanko S , Sidhu S , Balagna J , Green JL , Wong C , Eckstein M . Implementation of a nurse practitioner response unit in an urban EMS system. Ann Emerg Med. 2016;68:S37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.08.099.
- Sanko S , Ito T , Guggenheim A , Eckstein M . A new tradition: nurse practitioner unit helps L.A. Fire Department meet increased demand. JEMS. 2017;42:59–62.
- Wake County EMS, Advanced Practice Paramedics. Available from: http://www.wakegov.com/ems/about/staff/Pages/advancedpracticeparamedics.aspx [accessed May 10, 2019].
- Crus K . Spokane Fire Department rolls out new Alternative Response Units. Available from: www.kxly.com/news/local-news/spokane/spokane-fire-department-rolls-out-new-alternative-response-units/177037621 [accessed April 16, 2019].
- Friese G . 10 reasons we are on the cusp of Peak EMS. Available from: https://www.ems1.com/et3/articles/393069048-10-reasons-we-are-on-the-cusp-of-Peak-EMS/ [accessed May 7, 2019].
- Pennsylvania EMS System No. 2009–37. Available from: http://pehsc.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/EMSAct_37_Chapter-81-1.pdf [accessed September 4, 2019].
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Emergency Triage, Treat, and Transport (ET3) Model. Available from: https://innovation.cms.gov/initiatives/et3/ [accessed March 20, 2019].