Meaning Making in Survivorship: Application to Holocaust Survivors

REFERENCES

• Armour , M. P. 2002 . The journey of homicide families: A qualitative study of their post homicide experience. . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 72 : 372 – 382 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armour , M. P. 2003 . Making meaning in the aftermath of homicide. . Death Studies , 27 : 519 – 540 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armour , M. P. 2006 . “ Meaning-making for survivors of violent death. ” . In Violent death: Resilience and intervention beyond the crisis Edited by: Rynearson , E. K. 101 – 122 . Boca Raton, FL : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Barry , K. L. , Oslin , D. and Blow , F. C. 2001 . Prevention and management of alcohol problems in older adults New York : Springer. .
   Google Scholar
• Blow , F. 1998 . Substance abuse among older adults Rockville, MD : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services . (Treatment Improvement Protocol Series No. 26)
   Google Scholar
• Bonanno , G. A. , Kelmer , D. , Holen , A. and Horowitz , M. J. 1995 . When avoiding unpleasant emotion might not be such a bad thing: Verbal autonomic response dissociation and midlife conjugal bereavement. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 46 : 975 – 985 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonanno , G. A. , Wortman , C. B. , Lehman , D. , Tweed , R. , Sonnega , J. Carr , D. 2002 . Resilience to loss, chronic grief, and their pre-bereavement predictors. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 83 : 1150 – 1164 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyatzis , R. E. 1998 . Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Carlson , M. B. 1988 . Meaning-making: Therapeutic processes in adult development New York : Norton. .
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2000 . Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey data Atlanta, GA : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Currier , J. M. , Holland , J. M. , Coleman , R. A. and Neimeyer , R. A. 2006 . “ Bereavement following violent death: An assault on life and meaning. ” . In Perspectives on violence and violent death Edited by: Stephenson , R. and Cox , G. 177 – 202 . Amityville, NY : Baywood .
   Google Scholar
• Currier , J. M. , Holland , J. M. and Neimeyer , R. A. 2006 . Sense-making, grief, and the experience of violent loss: Toward a mediational model. . Death Studies , 30 : 403 – 428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , C. G. and Nolen-Hoeksema , S. 2001 . Loss and meaning: How do people make sense of loss?. . American Behavioral Scientist , 44 : 726 – 741 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , C. G. , Nolen-Hoeksema , S. and Larson , J. 1998 . Making sense of loss and benefiting from the experience: Two construals of meaning. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 75 : 561 – 574 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , C. G. , Wortman , C. B. , Lehman , D. R. and Silver , R. C. 2000 . Searching for meaning in loss: Are clinical assumptions correct?. . Death Studies , 24 : 497 – 540 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enright , R. and the Human Development Study Group . 1994 . Piaget on the moral development of forgiveness: Identity or reciprocity. . Human Development , 37 : 63 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankl , V. E. 1969 . The will to meaning New York : New American Library. .
   Google Scholar
• Gampel , Y. 1988 . Facing war, murder, torture and death in latency. . Psychoanalytic Review , 75 : 500 – 509 .
   Google Scholar
• Gillies , J. and Neimeyer , R. A. 2006 . Loss, grief, and the search for significance: Toward a model of meaning reconstruction in bereavement. . Journal of Constructivist Psychology , 19 : 31 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helmreich , W. B. 1992 . Against all odds: Holocaust survivors and the successful lives they made in America New York : Simon & Schuster. .
   Google Scholar
• Holland , J. M. , Currier , J. M. and Neimeyer , R. A. 2006 . Meaning reconstruction in the first two years of bereavement: The role of sense-making and benefit-finding. . Omega: Journal of Death & Dying , 53 ( 3 ) : 175 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janoff-Bulman , R. 1992 . Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma New York : Free Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Kaminer , H. and Lavie , R. 1993 . “ Sleep and dreams in well adjusted and less adjusted Holocaust survivors. ” . In Handbook of bereavement Edited by: Klass , D. , Silverman , P. R. and Nickman , S. L. 331 – 348 . New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Keilson , H. 1979 . Sequential traumatization in children: A clinical and statistical follow-up study on the fate of the Jewish war orphans in The Netherlands Stuttgart : Enke. .
   Google Scholar
• Krell , R. 1997 . Confronting despair: The Holocaust survivor's struggle with ordinary life and ordinary death. . Journal of Canadian Medical Association , 157 : 741 – 744 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehman , D. R. , Wortman , C. B. and Williams , A. F. 1987 . Long term effects of losing a spouse or child in a motor vehicle crash. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 52 : 218 – 231 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lifton , R. 1980 . “ The concept of the survivor. ” . In Survivors, victims and perpetrators: Essays on the Nazi Holocaust Edited by: Dimsdale , J. E. 113 – 126 . Washington, DC : Hemisphere .
   Google Scholar
• McCullough , M. E. , Pargament , K. I. and Thoreson , C. E. 2000 . “ The psychology of forgiveness: History, conceptual issues, and overview. ” . In Forgiveness: Theory, research, and practice Edited by: McCullough , M. E. , Pargament , K. I. and Thoreson , C. E. 1 – 14 . New London, CT : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• McIntosh , D. N. , Silver , R. C. and Wortman , C. B. 1993 . Religion's role in adjusting to a negative life event: Coping with the loss of a child. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 65 : 812 – 821 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mokdad , A. H. , Gilies , W. H. , Bowman , B. A. , Mensah , G. A. , Ford , E. S. Smith , S. M. 2004 . Changes in health behaviors among older Americans, 1990–2000. . Public Health Reports , 119 May/June : 356 – 361 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy , S. A. , Johnson , L. C. and Lohan , J. 2003 . Finding meaning in a child's violent death: A five-year prospective analysis of parents' personal narratives and empirical data. . Death Studies , 27 : 381 – 404 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neimeyer , R. A. 2001 . Searching for the meaning of meaning: Grief therapy and the process of reconstruction. . Death Studies , 24 : 541 – 550 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson , M. K. 1992 . New theory of forgiveness Lafayette, IN : Purdue University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Park , C. L. and Folkman , S. 1997 . Meaning in the context of stress and coping. . Review of General Psychology , 12 : 115 – 144 .
   Google Scholar
• Rennemark , M. and Hagberg , B. 1997 . Social network patterns among the elderly in relation to their perceived life history in an Eriksonian perspective. . Aging & Mental Health , 1 ( 4 ) : 321 – 331 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rich , M. S. 1982 . Children of Holocaust survivors: A concurrent validity study of a survivor family typology Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Berkley University, California School of Professional Psychology
   Google Scholar
• Sartre , J. P. 1966 . Being and nothingness New York : Washington Square Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Shamai , M. and Levin-Megged , O. 2006 . The myth of creating an integrative story: The therapeutic experience of Holocaust survivors. . Qualitative Health Research , 16 : 692 – 712 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silver , R. L. , Boon , C. and Stones , M. H. 1983 . Searching for meaning in misfortune: Making sense of incest. . Journal of Social Issues , 39 ( 2 ) : 81 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroebe , M. S. and Stroebe , W. 1991 . Does “grief work” work?. . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 59 : 1 – 4 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , S. C. and Janigian , A. 1988 . Life schemes: A framework for understanding the search for meaning. . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 7 : 260 – 280 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Updegraff , J. A. , Silver , R. C. and Holman , E. A. 2008 . Searching for and finding meaning in collective trauma: Results from a national longitudinal study of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 95 : 709 – 722 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wortman , C. 2004 . Posttraumatic growth: Progress and problems. . Psychological Inquiry , 15 : 81 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar