References
- Ahmed, S. (2014). Violence against women: Media representation of violent issues in the perspective of Pakistan. Science International, 26(1), 367–371. https://www.sci-int.com/pdf/13990516070-367-371-----Shamiala%20Ahmad--CO--IRFAN__%20SS--Malaysia.pdf.
- Alquist, J., & Baumeister, R. F. (2012). Self‐control: Limited resources and extensive benefits. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science, 3(3), 419–423. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1173
- Amponsah-Tawiah, K., & Annor, F. (2017). Do personality and organizational politics predict workplace victimization? A study among Ghanaian employees. Safety and Health at Work, 8(1), 72–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2016.08.003
- Andersson, N., Cockcroft, A., Ansari, U., Omer, K., Ansari, N. M., Khan, A., & Chaudhry, U. U. (2010). Barriers to disclosing and reporting violence among women in Pakistan: Findings from a national household survey and focus group discussions. Journal of interpersonal violence, 25(11), 1965–1985. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260509354512
- Asif, M. (2011). Violence against women in Pakistan: Role of police and media. Social Sciences Review of Pakistan, 13(1), 13–21. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Qaisar_Mahmood3/publication/283504089_Perception_of_sexual_Harassment_at_workplace_knowledge_and_attitude_of_working_women_towards_workplace_Harassment_Act_2010/links/563ba59008ae45b5d286968c.pdf#page=17
- Bernstein, A. (2018). Preventing sexual harassment in the workplace. Nursing And Residential Care, 20(7), 344–346. https://doi.org/10.12968/nrec.2018.20.7.344
- Bies, R. J., & Tripp, T. M. (2005). The study of revenge in the workplace: Conceptual, ideological, and empirical issues. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive work behavior: Investigations of actors and targets (pp. 65–81). APA Press.
- Bowling, N. A., Beehr, T. A., Bennett, M. M., & Watson, C. P. (2010). Target personality and workplace victimization: A prospective analysis. Work and Stress, 24(2), 140–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2010.489635
- Chapman, A. L., Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Butler, S. M., & Walters, K. N. (2015). Emotional reactivity to social rejection versus a frustration induction among persons with borderline personality features. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 6(1), 88. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000101
- Cleveland, J. N., & Kerst, M. E. (1993). Sexual harassment and perceptions of power: An under-articulated relationship. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 42(1), 49–67. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1993.1004
- Cortina, L. M., Magley, V. J., Williams, J. H., & Langhout, R. D. (2001). Incivility in the workplace: Incidence and impact. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.6.1.64
- Cox, D., Stabb, S., & Bruckner, K. (2016). Women’s anger: Clinical and developmental perspectives. Routledge.
- da Silva João, A. L., & Saldanha Portelada, A. F. (2016). Mobbing and its impact on interpersonal relationships at the workplace. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(13), 2797–2812. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516662850
- Douglas, S. C., Kiewitz, C., Martinko, M. J., Harvey, P., Kim, Y., & Chun, J. U. (2008). Cognitions, emotions, and evaluations: An elaboration likelihood model for workplace aggression. Academy of Management Review, 33(2), 425–451. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2008.31193490
- Enright, R. D., & Fitzgibbons, R. P. (2015). Helping clients forgive: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. APA Books.
- Escartin, J., Zapf, D., Arrieta, C., & Rodriguez-Carballeira, A. (2011). Workers' perception of workplace bullying: A cross-cultural study, 20(2), 178–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320903395652
- Federal Bureau of statistics. (2010). Compendium on gender statistics of Pakistan 2009. Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan.
- Fineran, S. (2002). Adolescents at work: Gender issues and sexual harassment. Violence against Women, 8(8), 953–967. https://doi.org/10.1177/107780102400447087
- Fox, J., & Tang, W. Y. (2017). Women’s experiences with general and sexual harassment in online video games: Rumination, organizational responsiveness, withdrawal, and coping strategies. New Media & Society, 19(8), 1290–1307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816635778
- Hayes, A. F. (2013). The PROCESS macro for SPSS and SAS (version 2.13) [Software].
- Hines, A. (2014). Women and men. Witness, 27(1), 168–175. https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA367198127&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1&it=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=08911371&p=AONE&sw=w
- Hogh, A., Mikkelsen, E. G., & Hansen, A. M. (2011). Individual consequences of workplace bullying/mobbing. In Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace: Developments in Theory, Research, and Practice, (pp. 107–128). CRC Press. https://books.google.com.pk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=h8qYxAhmhUAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA107&ots=P3HvCA6kzy&sig=egssHpNW0s8Fgmw4fzSLuu1RVMQ&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
- Hoprekstad, Ø. L., Hetland, J., Wold, B., Torp, H., & Valvatne Einarsen, S. (2020). Exposure to bullying behaviors at work and depressive tendencies: The moderating role of victimization from bullying during adolescence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 35(1), 0886260519900272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519900272
- Hox, J. J. (2010). Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications (2nd ed. ed.). Routledge.
- Kunst, M., Schweizer, S., Bogaerts, S., & van der Knaap, L. M. (2008). Aggression and violence, posttraumatic stress, and absenteeism among employees in penitentiaries. Boom Juridische Uitgevers.
- Lahelma, E., Lallukka, T., Laaksonen, M., Saastamoinen, P., & Rahkonen, O. (2012). Workplace bullying and common mental disorders: A follow-up study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66(6), e3–e3. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2010.115212
- Lippel, K., Vézina, M., Bourbonnais, R., & Funes, A. (2016). Workplace psychological harassment: Gendered exposures and implications for policy. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 46(3), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.05.001
- Loh, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., & Loi, N. M. (2019). Workplace incivility and work outcomes: Cross‐cultural comparison between Australian and Singaporean employees. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 57(3), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12233
- Maddi, S. R. (2006). Hardiness: The courage to grow from stresses. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(3), 160–168. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760600619609
- Maddi, S. R., & Kobasa, S. C. (1984). The hardy executive: Health under stress. Dow Jones-Irwin.
- Maina, L. E. (2018). Impact of sexual harassment at workplace: A case of the United Nations in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation). university of Nairobi.
- Malik, S., & Farooqi, Y. N. (2014). General and sexual harassment as predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms among female health professionals. World Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wjms.2014.10.1.81128
- Milam, A. C., Spitzmueller, C., & Penney, L. M. (2009). Investigating individual differences among targets of workplace incivility. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012683
- Miller, A. J., & Worthington, E. L., Jr. (2010). Sex differences in forgiveness and mental health in recently married couples. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903271140
- Misra, P. (2017). Juristic norms safeguarding women from sexual harassment at workplace. The Social ION, 6(1), 121–126. http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:tsi&volume=6&issue=1&article=014
- Novaco, R. W. (2016). Anger. In Stress: Concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior (pp. 285–292). Irvine, CA: University of California. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800951-2.00035-2
- Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. (2018). http://www.pbs.gov.pk/node/2981
- Rokonuzzaman, M., & Rahman, M. M. (2011). Workplace harassment and productivity: A comprehensive role of strategic leadership. Journal of General Education, 1(1), 41–49. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Md_Rokonuzzaman6/publication/299594576_Workplace_Harassment_and_Productivity_A_Comprehensive_Role_of_Strategic_Leadership/links/5701567b08aee995dde8d8e9.pdf
- Rospenda, K. M., & Richman, J. A. (2004). The factor structure of generalized workplace harassment. Violence and Victims, 19(2), 221. https://doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.2.221.64097
- Rospenda, K. M., Richman, J. A., Ehmke, J. L., & Zlatoper, K. W. (2005). Is workplace harassment hazardous to your health? Journal of Business and Psychology, 20(1), 95–110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-005-6992-y
- Salin, D., Cowan, R., Adewumi, O., Apospori, E., Bochantin, J., D’Cruz, P., Djurkovic, N., Durniat, K., Escartín, J., Guo, J., Išik, I., Koeszegi, S. T., McCormack, D., Monserrat, S. I., & Zedlacher, E. (2019). Workplace bullying across the globe: A cross-cultural comparison. Personnel Review, 48(1), 204–219. https://doi.org/10.1108/Pr-03-2017-0092
- Salman, M., Abdullah, F., & Saleem, A. (2016). Sexual harassment at workplace and its impact on employee turnover intentions. Business & Economic Review, 8(1), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.22547/BER/8.1.6
- Sato, H., & Kawahara, J.-I. (2011). Selective bias in retrospective self-reports of negative mood states. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 24(4), 359–367. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2010.543132
- Schumann, K., & Ross, M. (2010). The benefits, costs, and paradox of revenge. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4(12), 1193–1205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00322.x
- Schütte, S., Chastang, J.-F., Malard, L., Parent-Thirion, A., Vermeylen, G., & Niedhammer, I. (2014). Psychosocial working conditions and psychological well-being among employees in 34 European countries. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 87(8), 897–907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-014-0930-0
- Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Positive psychology: An introduction. In Flow and the foundations of positive psychology (pp. 279–298). Dordrecht: Springer.
- Shahzad, A., & Malik, R. K. (2014). Workplace violence: An extensive issue for nurses in Pakistan— A qualitative investigation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(11), 2021–2034. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260513516005
- Siegel, J. M. (1986). The multidimensional anger inventory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(1), 191. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.1.191
- Slany, C., Schütte, S., Chastang, J. F., Parent-Thirion, A., Vermeylen, G., & Niedhammer, I. (2014). Psychosocial work factors and long sickness absence in Europe. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 20(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1179/2049396713Y.0000000048
- Swartz, J. R., Carranza, A. F., & Knodt, A. R. (2019). Amygdala activity to angry and fearful faces relates to bullying and victimization in adolescents. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 14(10), 1027–1035. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz084
- Sweden, S. (2013). Ekonomiskt oberoende–långt väg kvar för EU. skvinnor.
- Tehrani, N. (2004). Bullying: A source of chronic post traumatic stress. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 32(3), 357–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880410001727567
- Thomaes, S., Stegge, H., Olthof, T., Bushman, B. J., & Nezlek, J. B. (2011). Turning shame inside-out:“humiliated fury” in young adolescents. Emotion, 11(4), 786. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023403
- Vartia, M., & Hyyti, J. (2002). Gender differences in workplace bullying among prison officers. European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, 11(1), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320143000870
- Wilkinson, R. B., Walford, W. A., & Espnes, G. A. (2000). Coping styles and psychological health in adolescents and young adults: A comparison of moderator and main effects models. Australian Journal of Psychology, 52(3), 155–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530008255383
- Williamson, I., & Gonzalez, M. H. (2007). The subjective experience of forgiveness: Positive construal of the forgiveness experience. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(4), 407–446. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2007.26.4.407
- Zia, A., Batool, S., & Yasin, Z. (2016). Women harassment at workplace: A study of Pakistani television channels. Global Media Journal: Pakistan Edition, 9(1), 5. https://aiou.edu.pk/SAB/gmj/GMJ%20Spring%202016/Article_5.pdf