312
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Black women married to White men: What the women see as the challenges

, &

References

  • Afful, S. E., Wohlford, C., & Stoelting, S. M. (2015). Beyond ‘difference’: Examining the process and flexibility of racial identity in interracial marriages. The Journal of Social Issues, 71, 659–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12142
  • Alio, A. P., Lewis, C. A., Elder, H., Norwood, W., Mufhandu, K., & Keefer, M. C. (2020). Self-reported experiences of racial discrimination among African Americans in upstate New York. Journal of Black Studies, 51(5), 481–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934720925786
  • Baptist, J., Craig, B., & Nicholson, B. (2019). Black–white marriages: the moderating role of openness on experience of couple discrimination and marital satisfaction. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 45(4), 635–649. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12362
  • Barroso, A., Parker, K., & Bennett, J. (2020). As Millennials near 40, they’re approaching family life differently than previous generations. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/05/27/as-millennials-near-40-theyre-approaching-family-life-differently-than-previous-generations/
  • Bell, G. C., & Hastings, S. O. (2015). Exploring parental approval and disapproval for Black and White interracial couples. The Journal of Social Issues, 71(4), 755–771. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12147
  • Block, D. (2021). Voice of America. https://www.voanews.com/a/usa_race-america_americans-see-more-interracial-relationships-advertising/6202928.html
  • Bradley, E. H., Curry, L. A., & Devers, K. J. (2007). Qualitative data analysis for health services research: Developing taxonomy, themes, and theory. Health Services Research, 42(4), 1758–1772. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00684.x
  • Brooks, J. E., & Lynch, J. (2019). Partnering across race. In R. N. Roy & A. Rollins (Eds.), Biracial families: Crossing boundaries, blending cultures, and challenging racial ideologies (pp. 61–79). Springer.
  • Brooks, J. E., & Moore, D. D. (2020). African American young adult women’s stories about love: What I want in a long-term partner. Journal of Black Studies, 51(4), 295–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934720908487
  • Clayton, D. M., Moore, S. E., & Jones-Eversley, S. D. (2019). The impact of Donald Trump’s presidency on the well-being of African Americans. Journal of Black Studies, 50(8), 707–730. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934719885627
  • Connidis, I. A., & McMullin, J. A. (2002). Sociological ambivalence and family ties: A critical perspective. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(3), 558–567. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00558.x
  • Crowder, K. D., & Tolnay, S. E. (2000). A new marriage squeeze for Black women: The role of racial intermarriage by Black men. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62(3), 792–807. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00792.x
  • Dainton, M. (2015). An interdependence approach to relationship maintenance in interracial marriage. The Journal of Social Issues, 71(4), 772–787. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12148
  • Davis, L. E. (2021). Will race always matter? Social Work, 66(2), 167–169. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swab013
  • Davis, A. W., Levant, R. F. 1., & Pryor, S. (2018). Traditional femininity versus strong Black women ideologies and stress among Black women. Journal of Black Studies, 49(8), 820–841. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934718799016
  • DiAngelo, R. (2011). White fragility. International Journal of Critical Pedagogy, 3, 54–70.
  • Djamba, Y. K., & Kimuna, S. R. (2014). Are Americans really in favor of interracial marriage? A closer look at when they are asked about black-white marriage for their relatives. Journal of Black Studies, 45(6), 528–544. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021934714541840
  • Doucet, F., Hall, M. R., & Giraud, M. (2019). Parenting mixed-race children. In R. N. Roy & A. Rollins (Eds.), Biracial families: Crossing boundaries, blending cultures, and challenging racial ideologies (pp. 131–158). Springer.
  • Ford, B., Green, D. J., & Gross, J. J. (2022). White fragility: An emotion regulation perspective. American psychologist, 77(4), 510–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000968
  • Greif, G. L., & Saviet, M. (2020). In-law relationships among interracial couples: A preliminary view. Journal of Human Behavior & the Social Environment, 30, 605–620. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2020.1732254
  • Greif, G. L., Stubbs, V. D., & Woolley, M. E. (2022). Clinical suggestions for family therapists based on interviews with White women married to Black men. Contemporary Family Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-021-09629-y
  • Hooks, B. (1995). Killing rage: Ending racism. An Owl Book.
  • Jackson, B. W. (2012). Black identity development: Influences of culture and social oppression. In C. L. Wijeyesinghe & B. W. Jackson III (Eds.), New perspectives on racial identity development: Integrating emerging frameworks (2nd ed., pp. 33–50). NYU Press.
  • Judice, C. Y. (2018). Interracial relationships between Black women married to white men. Bookbaby.
  • Killian, K. D. (2003). Homogamy outlaws: Interracial couples’ strategic responses to racism and to partner differences. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 2(2/3), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1300/J398v02n02_02
  • Leslie, L. A., & Letiecq, B. L. (2004). Marital quality of African American and white partners in interracial couples. Personal Relationships, 11(4), 559–574. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00098.x
  • Livingston, G. (2017). In U.S. metro areas, huge variation in intermarriage rates. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/06/08/among-u-s-cohabiters-18-have-a-partner-of-a-different-race-or-ethnicity/
  • Livingston, G., & Brown, A. (2017). Trends and patterns in intermarriage. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2017/05/18/1-trends-and-patterns-in-intermarriage/
  • Nissen, L., & Scheyett, A. (2022). Pandemics, economic systems, and the future of social work. Social Work, 67(1), 5–7. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swab048
  • Padgett, D. K. (2017). Qualitative methods in social work research (3rd ed.). Sage.
  • Rauktis, M. E., Fusco, R. A., Goodkind, S., & Bradley-King, C. (2016). Motherhood in liminal spaces: White mothers’ parenting Black/White children. Affilia, 31(4), 431–449. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109916630581
  • Rico, B., Kreider, R. M., & Anderson, L. (2018). Growth in interracial and interethnic married- couple households. https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2018/07/interracial-marriages.html
  • Robinson-Wood, T., Muse, C., Hewett, R., Balogun-Mwangi, O., Elrahman, J., Nordling, A., Abdulkerim, N., & Matumoto, A. (2021). Regular white people things. The presence of white fragility in interracial families. Family Relations, 70(4), 973–992. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12549
  • Saviet, M., & Greif, G. L. (2021). Relationships between parents-in-law and children-in-law of differing racial and ethnic backgrounds: An initial qualitative exploration. Advances in Social Work, 21, 154–175. doi:10.18060/23935.
  • Shah, S., & Widjaya, R. (2020). Posts mentioning ‘Black lives matter’ spiked on lawmakers’ social media accounts after George Floyd killing. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/07/16/posts-mentioning-black-lives-matter-spiked-on-lawmakers-social-media-accounts-after-george-floyd-killing/
  • Skinner, A. L., & Rae, J. R. (2019). A robust bias against interracial couples among White and Black respondents, relative to multiracial respondents. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(6), 823–831. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550618783713
  • Twine, F. W. (1999). Bearing blackness in Britain: The meaning of racial difference for white birth mothers of African-descent children. Social Identities, 5(2), 185–211. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504639951554
  • Vazquez, V., Otero, I., & Goodlow, J. (2019). Relationship stigma and Black-White interracial marital satisfaction: The mediating role of religious/spiritual well-being. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 22(3), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2019.1620189

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.