Modification and Revision of the Scale of Market Demand for Taekwondo Schools

REFERENCES

• Alexandris , K. , Zahariadis , P. , Tsorbatzoudis , C. and Grouios , G. 2002 . Testing the sport commitment model in the context of exercise and fitness participation . Journal of Sport Behavior , 25 : 217 – 230 .
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , D. R. and Gerbing , D. W. 1988 . Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach . Psychological Bulletin , 103 : 411 – 423 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bitner , M. J. 1990 . Evaluating service encounters: The effects of physical surrounding and employee responses . Journal of Marketing , 54 : 69 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady , M. K. and Cronin , J. J. 2001 . Some new thoughts on conceptualizing perceived service quality: A hierarchical approach . Journal of Marketing , 65 : 34 – 49 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady , M. K. , Knight , G. A. , Cronin , J. J. , Hult , T. M. and Keillor , B. D. 2005 . Removing the contextual lens: A multinational, multi-setting comparison of service evaluation models . Journal of Retailing , 81 : 215 – 230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braunstein , J. , Zhang , J. , Trail , G. and Gibson , H. 2005 . Dimensions of market demand associated with pre-season training: Development of a scale for major league baseball spring training . Sport Management Review , 8 : 271 – 296 .
   Google Scholar
• Chelladurai , P. and Chang , K. 2000 . Targets and standards of quality in sport services . Sport Management Review , 3 : 1 – 22 .
   Google Scholar
• Chelladurai , P. , Scott , F. and Haywood-Farmer , J. 1987 . Dimensions of fitness services: Development of a model . Journal of Sport Management , 1 : 159 – 172 .
   Google Scholar
• Columbus , P. and Rice , D. 1998 . Phenomenological meanings of martial arts participation . Journal of Sport Behavior , 21 : 16 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Cronin , J. J. and Taylor , S. A. 1992 . Measuring service quality: A reexamination and extension . Journal of Marketing , 56 : 55 – 68 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran , D. and O'Riordan , C. 2006 . Increasing population diversity through cultural learning . Adaptive Behavior , 14 : 315 – 338 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebbeck , V. , Gibbons , S. L. and Loken-Dahle , L. J. 1995 . Reasons for adult participation in physical activity: An interactional approach. Interaction des motivations des adultes a la pratique d'activite physique . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 26 : 262 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eschenfelder , M. J. and Li , M. 2007 . Economics of sport , 2nd , Morgantown , WV : Fitness Information Technology .
   Google Scholar
• Fornell , C. and Larcker , D. 1981 . Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error . Journal of Marketing Research , 18 : 39 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotlieb , J. , Grewal , D. and Brown , S. 1994 . Consumer satisfaction and perceived quality: Complementary or divergent constructs? . Journal of Applied Psychology , 79 : 875 – 885 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenstein , T. N. and Marcum , J. P. 1981 . Factors affecting attendance of major league baseball: Team performance . Review of Sport & Leisure , 6 : 21 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Hansen , H. and Gauthier , R. 1989 . Factors affecting attendance at professional sport events . Journal of Sport Management , 3 : 15 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Halliwell , E. and Dittmar , H. 2005 . The role of self-improvement and self-evaluation motives in social comparisons with idealized female bodies in the media . Body Image , 2 : 249 – 261 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hair , J. F. , Anderson , R. E. , Tatham , R. L. and Black , W. C. 1998 . Multivariate data analysis , 5th , Upper Saddle River , NJ : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Howat , G. , Absher , J. , Crilley , G. and Milne , I. 1996 . Measuring customer service quality in sports and leisure centers . Managing Leisure , 1 : 77 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Hu , L. T. and Bentler , P. M. 1999 . Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives . Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal , 6 ( 1 ) : 1 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huset-McGuire , A. M. , Trail , G. T. and Anderson , D. F. 2003 . A revised scale of attributes of fitness services . International Journal of Sport Management , 4 : 261 – 280 .
   Google Scholar
• InfoUSA Inc. (2007). Market research report: Martial arts. http://lists.infousa.com/service/lb/CR_TallyReport.aspx?bas_type=CountReport&bas_page=CR_TallyReport&bas_vendor=190000 (http://lists.infousa.com/service/lb/CR_TallyReport.aspx?bas_type=CountReport&bas_page=CR_TallyReport&bas_vendor=190000) (Accessed: 4 March 2010 ).
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , M. S. , Sivadas , E. and Garbarino , E. 2008 . Customer satisfaction, perceived risk and affective commitment: An investigation of directions of influence . Journal of Service Marketing , 22 : 353 – 362 .
   Google Scholar
• Jöreskog , K. and Sörbom , D. 1996 . PRELIS 2: User's reference guide. A program for multivariate data screening and data summarization: A preprocessor for LISREL , Chicago , IL : Scientific Software International .
   Google Scholar
• Kelley , S. W. , Donnelly , J. H. and Skinner , S. J. 1990 . Customer participation in service production and delivery . Journal of Retailing , 66 : 315 – 35 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , D. and Kim , S. 1995 . QUESC: An instrument for assessing the service quality of sport centers in Korea . Journal of Sport Management , 9 : 208 – 220 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , M. K. , Zhang , J. J. and Ko , Y. J. 2009 . Dimensions of market demand associated with Taekwondo schools in North America: Development of a scale . Sport Management Review , 12 : 149 – 166 .
   Google Scholar
• Kline , R. B. 2005 . Principles and practice of structural equation modeling , 2nd , New York, NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Ko , Y. J. 2002 . Martial arts industry in the new millennium . Journal of Martial Arts Studies , 5 : 10 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Ko , Y. J. , Valacich , J. and Kim , Y. K. 2009 . Martial arts participation: Consumer motivation . International Journal of Sport Marketing and Sponsorship , 11 : 105 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko , Y. J. and Pastore , D. L. 2004 . Current issues and conceptualizations of service quality in the recreation sport industry . Sport Marketing Quarterly , 13 : 158 – 166 .
   Google Scholar
• Konzak , B. and Boudreau , F. 1984 . Martial arts training and mental health: An exercise in self-help . Canada's Mental Health , 32 : 2 – 8 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lakes , K. D. and Hoyt , W. T. 2004 . Promoting self-regulation through school-based martial arts training . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 25 : 283 – 302 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam , E. T. C. , Zhang , J. J. and Jensen , B. E. 2005 . Service Quality Assessment Scale (SQAS): An instrument for evaluating service quality of health-fitness clubs . Measurement in Physical Education & Exercise Science , 9 : 79 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Law , D. R. 2004 . A choice theory perspective on children's Taekwondo . International Journal of Reality Therapy , 24 : 13 – 18 .
   Google Scholar
• Mardia , K. V. 1985 . “ Mardia's test of multinormality ” . In Encyclopedia of statistical sciences , Edited by: Kotz , S. and Johnson , N. L. Vol. 5 , 217 – 221 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• McCracken , G. 1989 . Who is the celebrity endorser? Cultural foundations of the endorsement process . Journal of Consumer Research , : 310 – 321 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , R. M. and Hunt , S. D. 1994 . The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing . Journal of Marketing , 58 : 20 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullin , B. , Hardy , S. and Sutton , W. 2007 . Sport marketing , Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Muthén , L. K. and Muthén , B. O. 2006 . Mplus user's guide , 4th , Los Angeles , CA : Muthén & Muthén .
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally , J. C. and Bernstein , I. H. 1994 . Psychometric theory , 3rd , New York : McGraw Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Oliver , R. L. 1997 . Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the customer , Boston , MA : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Papadimitriou , D, A. and Karteroliotis , K . 2000 . The service quality expectations in private sport and fitness centers: A reexamination of the factor structure . Sport Marketing Quarterly , 9 : 157 – 164 .
   Google Scholar
• Parasuraman , A. , Zeithaml , V. A. and Berry , L. L. 1988 . SERVQUAL: A multiple-item scale for measuring customer perceptions of service quality . Journal of Retailing , 64 ( 1 ) : 12 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richman , C. L. and Rehberg , H. 1986 . The development of self-esteem through the martial arts . International Journal of Sport Psychology , 17 : 234 – 239 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satorra , A. and Bentler , P. M. 1994 . “ Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis ” . In Latent variables analysis: Applications for developmental research , Edited by: von Eye , A. and Clogg , C. C. 399 – 419 . Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Scanlan , T. K. , Simons , J. P. , Carpenter , P. J. , Schmidt , G. W. and Keeler , B. 1993 . The sport commitment model: Measurement development for the youth-sport domain . Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology , 15 : 16 – 38 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt , R. J. 1986 . “ Japanese martial arts as spiritual education ” . In Mind and body: East meets West , Edited by: Kleinman , S. 69 – 74 . Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics .
   Google Scholar
• Schofield , J. 1983 . Performance and attendance at professional team sports . Journal of Sport Behavior , 6 : 196 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• SPSS. Inc . 2008 . SPSS 17.0: Guide to data analysis , Upper Saddle River, NY : Prentice Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Sport Business Research Network. (2008). Market research results. http://www.sbrnet.com/research.asp?subRID=259 (http://www.sbrnet.com/research.asp?subRID=259) (Accessed: 12 February 2010 ).
   Google Scholar
• Vandenberg , R. J. and Lance , C. E. 2000 . A review and syntheis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organzational research . Organizational Research Methods , 3 : 4 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiser , M. , Kutz , I. , Kutz , S. J. and Weiser , D. 1995 . Psychotherapeutic aspects of the martial arts . American Journal of Psychotherapy , 49 : 118 – 127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Taekwondo Federation. (2011). WTF introduction. http://www.wtf.org/wtf_eng/site/about_wtf/intro.html (http://www.wtf.org/wtf_eng/site/about_wtf/intro.html) (Accessed: 16 April 2010 ).
   Google Scholar
• Zeithaml , V. A. , Parasuraman , A. and Berry , L. L. 1985 . Problems and strategies in service quality . Journal of Marketing , 49 : 33 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. J. , Lam , E. T. C. , Bennett , G. and Connaughton , D. P. 2003 . Confirmatory factor analysis of the Spectator Decision-Making Inventory (SDMI) . Measurement in Physical Education & Exercise Science , 7 : 57 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. J. , Lam , E. T. C. and Connaughton , D. P. 2003 . General market demand variables associated with professional sport consumption . International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship , 5 : 33 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. J. , Pease , D. G. , Hui , S. C. and Michaud , T. J. 1995 . Variables affecting the spectator decision to attend NBA games . Sport Marketing Quarterly , 4 : 29 – 39 .
   Google Scholar