2,425
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Assessment of Trauma

Structural Analysis of the Trauma Symptom Inventory–2

, , &
Pages 333-346 | Received 19 Jul 2014, Accepted 12 Feb 2015, Published online: 22 Feb 2016

References

  • Akaike, H. (1987). Factor analysis and AIC. Psychometrika, 52, 317–332. doi:10.1007/BF02294359
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2001). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder. Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  • Andreski, P., Chilcoat, H., & Breslau, N. (1998). Post-traumatic stress disorder and somatization symptoms: A prospective study. Psychiatry Research, 79, 131–138.
  • Arbisi, P. A., Erbes, C. R., Polusny, M. A., & Nelson, N. W. (2010). The concurrent and incremental validity of the Trauma Symptom Inventory in women reporting histories of sexual maltreatment. Assessment, 17, 406–418.
  • Armour, C., Elhai, J. D., Richardson, D., Ractliffe, K., Wang, L., & Elklit, A. (2012). Assessing a five factor model of PTSD: Is dysphoric arousal a unique PTSD construct showing differential relationships with anxiety and depression? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 368–376.
  • Bentler, P. M. (1988). Causal modeling via structural equation systems. In J. R. Nesselroade & R. B. Cattell (Eds.), Handbook of multivariate experimental psychology (2nd ed., pp. 317–335). New York, NY: Plenum.
  • Bentler, P. M. (2005). EQS 6 structural equations program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software.
  • Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588–606.
  • Briere, J. (1995). Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Briere, J. (2011). Trauma Symptom Inventory–2 (TSI–2). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Briere, J., Hodges, M., & Godbout, N. (2010). Traumatic stress, affect dysregulation, and dysfunctional avoidance: A structural equation model. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23, 767–774. doi:10.1002/jts.20578
  • Briere, J., & Scott, C. (2014). Principles of trauma therapy: A guide to symptoms, evaluation, and treatment (2nd ed., DSM–5 update). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Briere, J., & Spinazzola, J. (2009). Assessment of the sequelae of complex trauma: Evidence-based measures. In C. Courtois & J. D. Ford (Eds.), Treating complex traumatic stress disorders: An evidence-based guide (pp. 104–123). New York, NY: Guilford.
  • Brock, K. J., Pearlman, L. A., & Varra, E. M. (2006). Child maltreatment, self capacities, and trauma symptoms: Psychometric properties of the Inner Experience Questionnaire. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 6, 103–125. doi:10.1300/J135v06n01_06
  • Carlson, E. B., Dalenberg, C., & McDade-Montez, E. (2012). Dissociation in posttraumatic stress disorder: Part I. Definitions and review of research. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4, 479–489. doi:10.1037/a0027748
  • Carlson, E. B., Smith, S. R., & Dalenberg, C. J. (2013). Can sudden, severe emotional loss be a traumatic stressor? Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 14, 519–528. doi:10.1080/15299732.2013.773475
  • Courtois, C., & Ford, J. D. (2009). Treating complex traumatic stress disorders: An evidence-based guide. New York, NY: Guilford.
  • DePrince, A. P., Chu, A., & Visvanathan, P. (2006). Dissociation and PTSD. PTSD Research Quarterly (National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder), 17, 1–7.
  • Elhai, J. D., Gray, M. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Franklin, C. L. (2005). Which instruments are most commonly used to assess traumatic event exposure and posttraumatic effects? A survey of traumatic stress professionals. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 541–545. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1573-6598
  • Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4, 272–299. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272
  • Fernandez, E. (2001). Review of the Trauma Symptom Inventory. In B. S. Plake & J. C. Impara (Eds.), The 14th mental measurements yearbook (pp. 1289–1290). Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurements.
  • Godbout, N., & Briere, J. (2012). Psychological responses to trauma. In C. R. Figley (Ed.), Encyclopedia of trauma, pp. 485–489. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.
  • Lanius, R. A., Brand, B., Vermetten, E., Frewen, P. A., & Spiegel, D. (2012). The dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder: Rationale, clinical and neurobiological evidence, and implications. Depression and Anxiety, 29, 701–708. doi:10.1002/da.v29.8
  • Long, M. E., Elhai, J. D., Schweinle, A., Gray, M. J., Grubaugh, A., & Frueh, B. C. (2008). Differences in posttraumatic stress disorder diagnostic rates and symptom severity between Criterion A1 and non-Criterion A1 stressors. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 1255–1263. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.01.006
  • MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130–149. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130
  • McDevitt-Murphy, M. E., Weathers, F. W., & Adkins, J. W. (2005). The use of the Trauma Symptom Inventory in the assessment of PTSD symptoms. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 63–67. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1573-6598
  • Sack, M., Lahmann, C., Jaeger, B., & Henningsen, P. (2007). Trauma prevalence and somatoform symptoms. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195, 928–933. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181594846
  • Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (1994). Corrections to test statistics and standard errors in covariance structure analysis. In A. Von Eye & C. C. Clogg (Eds.), Latent variable analysis: Applications for developmental research (pp. 399–419). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Scott, L. N., Levy, K. N., & Pincus, A. L. (2009). Adult attachment, personality traits, and borderline personality disorder features in young adults. Journal of Personality Disorders, 23, 258–280. doi:10.1521/pedi.2009.23.3.258
  • Shapinsky, A., Rapport, L., Henderson, M., & Axelrod, B. (2005). Civilian PTSD scales: Relationships with trait characteristics and everyday distress. Assessment, 12, 220–230. doi:10.1177/1073191104273130
  • Silvia, E. S. M., & MacCallum, R. C. (1988). Some factors affecting the success of specification searches in covariance structure modeling. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 23, 297–326. doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr2303_2
  • Simms, L., Watson, D., & Doebbelling, B. (2002). Confirmatory factor analyses of posttraumatic stress symptoms in deployed and nondeployed veterans of the Gulf War. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 637–647. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.111.4.637
  • Snyder, J. J., Elhai, J. D., North, T. C., & Heaney, C. J. (2009). Reliability and validity of the Trauma Symptom Inventory with veterans evaluated for posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Research, 170, 256–261. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.11.008
  • Steiger, J. H., & Lind, J. M. (1980, June). Statistically based tests for the number of common factors. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, Iowa City, IA.
  • van der Kolk, B. A., & D’Andrea, W. (2010). Towards a developmental trauma disorder diagnosis for childhood interpersonal trauma. In R. Lanius, E. Vermetten, & C. Pain (Eds.), The impact of early life trauma on health and disease: The hidden epidemic, pp. 57–68. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • van der Kolk, B. A., Roth, S. H., Pelcovitz, D., Sunday, S., & Spinazzola, J. (2005). Disorders of extreme stress: The empirical foundation of a complex adaptation to trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 389–399. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1573-6598
  • Yates, T. M. (2004). The developmental psychopathology of self-injurious behavior: Compensatory regulation in posttraumatic adaptation. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 35–74. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2003.10.001

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.