Respectable, Disreputable, or Rightful? Young Nicaraguan Women’s Discourses on Femininity, Intimate Partner Violence, and Sexual Abuse: A Grounded Theory Situational Analysis

References

• Barker, G. (2003). How do we know if men have changed? Promoting and measuring attitude change with young men. Lessons from Program H in Latin America. Brasilia, Brazil: United Nations, Division for the Advancement of Women (DAW) in collaboration with International Labour Organization (ILO), Joint United Nations Programmes on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Retrieved from http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/men-boys2003/OP2-Barker.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Barter, C., & Renold, E. (2000). “I wanna tell you a story”: Exploring the application of vignettes in qualitative research with children and young people. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 3, 307–323. doi:10.1080/13645570050178594
   Google Scholar
• Budgeon, S. (2014). The dynamics of gender hegemony: Femininities, masculinities and social change. Sociology, 48, 317–334. doi:10.1177/0038038513490358
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, A. (2005). Situational analysis: Grounded theory after the postmodern turn. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Collinson, H. (1990). Women and revolution in Nicaragua. London, UK: Zed Press.
   Google Scholar
• Coltrane, S. (1996). Family man: Fatherhood, housework, and gender equity. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W. (1987). Gender and power: Society, the person, and sexual politics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W. (2009). Gender. 2nd ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender and Society, 19, 829–859. doi:10.1177/0891243205278639
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehlers, T. (1991). Debunking marianismo: Economic vulnerability and survival strategies among Guatemalan wives. Ethnology, 30, 1–16. doi:10.2307/3773494
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellsberg, M., Liljestrand, J., & Winkvist, A. (1997). The Nicaraguan network of women against violence: Using research and action for change. Reproductive Health Matters, 5, 82–92. doi:10.1016/S0968-8080(97)90088-4
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. (1969). L’Archéologie du savoir [The archaeology of knowledge]. Paris, France: Editions Gallimard.
   Google Scholar
• Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punishment: The birth of the prison. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.
   Google Scholar
• Genz, S. (2009). Postfemininities in popular culture. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Gill, R., & Scharff, C. (Eds.). (2001). New femininities: Postfeminism, neoliberalism and subjectivity. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago, IL: Aldine.
   Google Scholar
• Goicolea, I., Torres, M. S., Edin, K., & Öhman, A. (2012). When sex is hardly about mutual pleasure: Dominant and resistant discourses on sexuality and its consequences for young people’s sexual health. International Journal of Sexual Health, 24, 303–317. doi:10.1080/19317611.2012.715121
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutmann, M. (Ed.). (2003). Changing men and masculinities in Latin America. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, A. (2004). Future girl: Young women in the twenty-first century. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hilbert, M. (2011). Digital gender divide or technologically empowered women in developing countries? A typical case of lies, damned lies, and statistics. Women’s Studies International Forum, 34, 479–489. doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2011.07.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hochschild, A. R. (2003). The commercialization of intimate life: Notes from home and work. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Howson, R. (2006). Challenging hegemonic masculinity. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Htun, M., & Weldon, S. L. (2012). The civic origins of progressive policy change: Combating violence against women in global perspective, 1975–2005. American Political Science Review, 106, 548–569. doi:10.1017/S0003055412000226
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICT Services and System Development and Division of Epidemiology and Global Health (2009). OpenCode 3.4 [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://www.phmed.umu.se/english/units/epidemiology/research/open-code/
   Google Scholar
• Isbester, K. (2001). Still fighting. The Nicaraguan women’s movement 1977–2000. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jewkes, R. (2002). Intimate partner violence: Causes and prevention. The Lancet, 359, 1423–1429. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)08357-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jewkes, R., & Morrell, R. (2012). Sexuality and the limits of agency among South African teenage women: Theorising femininities and their connections to HIV risk practises. Social Science & Medicine, 74, 1729–1737. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kehily, M. J., & Nayak, A. (2008). Global femininities: Consumption, culture and the significance of place. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 29, 325–342.
   Google Scholar
• Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: An introduction to qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lacey, N. (2001). In search of the responsible subject: History, philosophy and social sciences in criminal law theory. The Modern Law Review, 64, 350–371. doi:10.1111/mlr.2001.64.issue-3
   Google Scholar
• Landenburger, K. M. (1998). The dynamics of leaving and recovering from an abusive relationship. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 27, 700–706. doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.1998.tb02641.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu, F. (2014). From degendering to (re)gendering the self: Chinese youth negotiating modern womanhood. Gender and Education, 26, 18–34. doi:10.1080/09540253.2013.860432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McRobbie, A. (2007). Top girls? Cultural Studies, 21, 718–737. doi:10.1080/09502380701279044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montis de, M. (1996). Power and patriarchy: The long struggle to forge a coordinated women’s movement in Nicaragua. In J. Friedmann, R. Abers, & L. Autler (Eds.), Emergences: Women’s struggles for livelihood in Latin America, pp. 99–120. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Latin America Center Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Olsson, A., Ellsberg, M., Berglund, S., Herrera, A., Zelaya, E., Peña, R., … Persson, L. A. (2000). Sexual abuse during childhood and adolescence among Nicaraguan men and women: A population-based anonymous survey. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 1579–1589. doi:10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00215-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulerwitz, J., Michaelis, A., Verma, R., & Weiss, E. (2010). Addressing gender dynamics and engaging men in HIV programs: Lessons learned from horizons research. Public Health Reports, 125, 282–292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salazar Torres, V. M., Goicolea, I., Edin, K., & Öhman, A. (2012). Expanding your mind’: the process of constructing gender-equitable masculinities in young Nicaraguan men participating in reproductive health or gender training programs. Global Health Action 5. doi:10.3402/gha.v5i0.17262
   Google Scholar
• Salazar, M., Högberg, U., Valladares, E., & Öhman, A. (2012). The supportive process for ending intimate partner violence after pregnancy: The experience of Nicaraguan women. Violence Against Women, 18, 1257–1278. doi:10.1177/1077801212470549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salazar, M., & Öhman, A. (2015). Negotiating masculinity, violence and responsibility: A situational analysis of young Nicaraguan men’s discourses on intimate partner and sexual violence. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma, 24, 131–149. doi:10.1080/10926771.2015.1002652
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salazar, M., Valladares, E., Öhman, A., & Högberg, U. (2009). Ending intimate partner violence after pregnancy: Findings from a community-based longitudinal study in Nicaragua. BMC Public Health, 9, 350. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schippers, M. (2007). Recovering the feminine other: Masculinity, femininity, and gender hegemony. Theory and Society, 36, 85–102. doi:10.1007/s11186-007-9022-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skeggs, B. (1997). Formations of class and gender: Becoming respectable. London, UK: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Solórzano, I., Bank, A., Peña, R., Espinoza, H., Ellsberg, M., & Pulerwitz, J. (2008). Catalyzing individual and social change around gender, sexuality, and HIV: Impact evaluation of Puntos de Encuentro’s communication strategy in Nicaragua. Washington, DC: Population Council.
   Google Scholar
• Stevens, E. P. (1973). Machismo and marianismo. Society, 10, 57–63. doi:10.1007/BF02695282
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, C., & Sorenson, S. B. (2005). Community-based norms about intimate partner violence: Putting attributions of fault and responsibility into context. Sex Roles, 53, 573–589. doi:10.1007/s11199-005-7143-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres, J. B., Solberg, V. S. H., & Carlstrom, A. H. (2002). The myth of sameness among Latino men and their machismo. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 72, 163–181. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.72.2.163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasquez, J. M. (2014). Gender across family generations: Change in Mexican American masculinities and femininities. Identities, 21, 532–550. doi:10.1080/1070289X.2014.904231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetherell, M., & Potter, J. (1992). Mapping the language of racism: Discourse and the legitimation of exploitation. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2013). Global and regional estimates of violence against women: Prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non-partner sexual violence. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar