Trauma-Informed Methods to Enhance School-Based Bullying Prevention Initiatives: An Emerging Model

REFERENCES

• Arseneault, L., Bowes, L, & Shakoor, S. (2010). Bullying victimization in youths and mental health problems: “Much ado about nothing”? Psychological Medicine, 40, 717–729. doi:10.1017/S0033291709991383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey, B. A. (2001). Conscious Discipline: 7 basic skills for brain smart classroom management. Oviedo, FL: Loving Guidance.
   Google Scholar
• Barroso, C. S., Peters, R. J, Kelder, S., Conroy, J., Murray, N., & Orpinas, P. (2008). Youth exposure to community violence: Association with aggression, victimization, and risk behaviors. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma, 17, 141–155.
   Google Scholar
• Baum, N. L. (2005). Building resilience: A school-based intervention for children exposed to ongoing trauma and stress. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma, 10, 487–498.
   Google Scholar
• Bloom, S. (1995). Creating sanctuary in the school. Journal for a Just and Caring Education, 1, 403–433.
   Google Scholar
• Bloom, S. (1997). Creating sanctuary: Toward the evolution of sane societies. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University. (2011). Building the brain’s “air traffic control” system: How early experiences shape the development of executive function (Working Paper No. 11). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. Retrieved from http://www.developingchild.harvard.edu
   Google Scholar
• Cook, C. R., Williams, K. R., Guerra, N. G., Kim, T. E., & Sadek, S. (2010). Predictors of bullying and victimization in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic investigation. School Psychology Quarterly, 25, 65–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copeland, W. E., Wolke, D., Angold, A., & Costello, E.J. (2013). Adult psychiatric outcomes of bullying and being bullied by peers in childhood and adolescence. JAMA Psychiatry, 70, 419–426. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cortiella, C. (2009). The state of learning disabilities. New York, NY: National Center for Learning Disabilities.
   Google Scholar
• Danese, A., & McEwen, B. S. (2012). Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease. Physiology & Behavior, 106, 29–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danielsen, A. G., Samdal, O., Hetland, J. & Wold, B. (2009). School-related social support and students’ perceived life satisfaction. The Journal of Educational Research, 102, 303–320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espelage, D. L., & Holt, M. K. (2013). Suicidal ideation and school bullying experiences after controlling for depression and delinquency. Journal of Adolescent Health, 53, S27–S31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gan, S. S., Zhong, C., Das, S., Gan, J. S., Willis, S., & Tully, E. (2014). The prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying in high school: A 2011 survey. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 26, 27–31. doi:10.1515/ijamh-2012-0106
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garandeau, C. F., Lee, I. A., & Salmivalli, C. (2014). Inequality matters: Classroom status hierarchy and adolescents’ bullying. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 1123–1133. doi:10.1007/s10964-013-0040-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gendron, B. P., Williams, K. R., & Guerra, N. G. (2011). An analysis of bullying among students within schools: Estimating the effects of individual normative beliefs, self-esteem, and school climate. Journal of School Violence, 10, 150–164.
   Google Scholar
• Goodearl, A. W., Salzinger, S., & Rosario, M. (2014). The association between violence exposure and aggression and anxiety: The role of peer relationships in adaptation for middle school students. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 34, 311–338. doi:10.1177/0272431613489372
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutteling, B. M., Weerth, C., Zandbelt, N., Mulder, E. J. H., Visser, G. H. A., & Buitelaarm, J. K. (2006). Does maternal prenatal stress adversely affect the child’s learning and memory at age six? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 789–798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman, L. L., Hutchinson, C. J., & Reiss, E. (2009). On improving school climate: Reducing reliance on rewards and punishment. International Journal of Whole Schooling, 5, 13–24.
   Google Scholar
• Jordan, K., & Austin, J. (2012). A review of the literature on bullying in U.S. schools and how a parent–educator partnership can be an effective way to handle bullying. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma, 21, 440–458. doi:10.1080/10926771.2012.675420
   Google Scholar
• Khoury-Kassabri, M. (2009). The relationship between staff maltreatment of students and bully-victim group membership. Child Abuse and Neglect, 33, 914–923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limber, S. P., Olweus, D., & Luxenberg, H. (2013). Bullying in U.S. schools, 2012 status report. Center City, MN: Hazelden Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• McCorkle, D., & Yanosy, S. (2007). When loss gets lost: Using the S.E.L.F. model to work with losses in residential treatment. In A. L. Vargas & S. L. Bloom (Eds.), Loss hurt and hope: The complex issues of bereavement and trauma in children (pp. 116–141). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Press.
   Google Scholar
• McNamee, A., & Mercurio, M. (2008). School-wide intervention in the childhood bullying triangle. Childhood Education. 84, 370–377.
   Google Scholar
• National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. (2005). Excessive stress disrupts the architecture of the developing brain (Working Paper No. 3). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University. Retrieved from http://www.developingchild.net
   Google Scholar
• O’Brennan, L. M., & Furlong, M. J. (2010). Relations between students’ perceptions of school connectedness and peer victimization. Journal of School Violence, 9, 375–391.
   Google Scholar
• Odgers, C. L., & Jaffee, S. R. (2013). Routine versus catastrophic influences on the developing child. Annual Review of Public Health,34, 18.1–18.29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school: Long-term outcomes for the victims and an effective school-based intervention program. In L. R. Huesmann (Ed.), Aggressive behavior: Current perspectives (pp. 97–130). New York, NY: Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Olweus, D., & Limber, S. P. (2010). Bullying in school: Evaluation and dissemination of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 80, 124–134. doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01015.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papafratzeskakou, E., Kim, J., Longo, G. S., & Riser, D. K. (2011). Peer victimization and depressive symptoms: Role of peers and parent–child relationship. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 20, 784–799.
   Google Scholar
• Patchin, J. W., & Hunduja, S. (2011). Traditional and nontraditional bullying among youth: A test of general strain theory. Youth & Society. 43, 727–751. doi:10.1177/0044118X10366951
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearl, E., Barnes, J. E., Richey, L., Crouch, D., Barzman, D., & Putnam, F. W. (2011). Childhood cruelty to animals: Psychiatric and demographic correlates. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma, 20, 812–819. doi:10.1080/10926771.2011.610773
   Google Scholar
• Pollastri, A. R., Cardemil, E. V., & O’Donnell, E. H. (2010). Self-esteem in pure bullies and bully/victims: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25, 1489–1502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivers, I., Poteat, V. P., Noret, N., & Ashurst, N. (2009). Observing bullying at school: The mental health implications of witness status. School Psychology Quarterly, 24, 211–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sekol, I., & Farrington, D. P. (2010). The overlap between bullying and victimization in adolescent residential care: Are bully/victims a special category? Children and Youth Services Review, 32, 1758–1769.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shonkoff, J. P., & Garner, A. S. (2012). The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics, 129, e232–246. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2663
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smokowski, P. R., & Holland Kopasz, K. (2005). Bullying in school: An overview of types, effects, family characteristics, and intervention strategies. Children & Schools, 27, 101–110.
   Google Scholar
• Swearer, S. M., & Doll, B. (2001). Bullying in schools: An ecological framework. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 2, 7–23.
   Google Scholar
• Szanton, S. L., Gill, J. M., & Allen, J. K. (2005). Allostatic load: A mechanism of socioeconomic health disparities? Biological Research for Nursing 7, 7–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Education, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, & U.S. Department of Justice. (2012). SS/HS national evaluation. Retrieved from http://www.sshs.samhsa.gov/community/pdf/School_Climate_Survey_Students_508.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Veenstra, R., Lindenberg, S., Oldehinkel, A. J., Winter, A. F., Verhulst, F. C., & Ormel, J. (2005). Bullying and victimization in elementary schools: A comparison of bullies, bully/victims, and uninvolved preadolescents. Developmental Psychology, 41, 672–682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waasdorp, T. E., Pas, E. T., O’Brennan, L. M., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2011). A multilevel perspective on the climate of bullying: Discrepancies among students, school staff, and parents. Journal of School Violence. 10, 115–132.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Whitted, K. S., & Dupper, D. R. (2005). Best practices for preventing or reducing bullying in schools. Children & Schools, 27, 167–175.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson, W. C., Spenciner Rosenthal, B., & Battle, W. S. (2007). Effects of gender, ethnicity and educational status on exposure to community violence and psychological distress in adolescence. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 15, 93–111. doi:10.1300/J146v15n01_06
   Google Scholar
• Wolke, D., Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (2013). Impact of bullying in childhood on adult health, wealth, crime, and social outcomes. Psychological Science, 24, 1958–1970. doi:10.1177/0956797613481608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, H. L., Mancuso, A. F., Faherty, E., Dorman, S. A., & Umbrell, J. R. (2008). Helping child victims of family violence through school personnel: An evaluation of a training program. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, & Trauma, 16, 144–163. doi:10.1080/10926770801921386
   Google Scholar