2,400
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

How Patient-Perpetrated Workplace Violence Leads to Turnover Intention Among Nurses: The Mediating Mechanism of Occupational Stress and Burnout

, , , &
Pages 96-118 | Received 12 Jul 2017, Accepted 11 Nov 2017, Published online: 18 Dec 2017

References

  • AbuAlRub, R. F., Khawaldeh, A., & Talal, A. (2014). Workplace physical violence among hospital nurses and physicians in underserved areas in Jordan. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23(13–14), 1937–1947. doi:10.1111/jocn.12473
  • Adriaenssens, J., De Gucht, V., & Maes, S. (2015). Causes and consequences of occupational stress in emergency nurses: A longitudinal study. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(3), 346–358. doi:10.1111/jonm.12138
  • Alameddine, M., Kazzi, A., El-Jardali, F., Dimassi, H., & Maalouf, S. (2011). Occupational violence at Lebanese emergency departments: Prevalence, characteristics and associated factors. Journal of Occupational Health, 53(6), 455–464. doi:10.1539/joh.11-0102-OA
  • Amin, M., & Nasharuddin, S. Z. (2013). Hospital service quality and its effects on patient satisfaction and behavioural intention. Clinical Governance: An International Journal, 18(3), 238–254. doi:10.1108/CGIJ-05-2012-0016
  • Atan, S. U., Baysan Arabaci, L., Sirin, A., Isler, A., Donmez, S., Unsal Guler, M., … Tasbasi, F. Y. (2013). Violence experienced by nurses at six university hospitals in Turkey. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 20(10), 882–889. doi:10.1111/jpm.12027
  • Bae, S.-H., Mark, B., & Fried, B. (2010). Impact of nursing unit turnover on patient outcomes in hospitals. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 42(1), 40–49. doi:10.1111/jnu.2010.42.issue-1
  • Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. doi:10.1108/02683940710733115
  • Barling, J. (1996). The prediction, experience, and consequences of workplace violence. In: G. R. VandenBos & E. Q. Bulatao (Eds.), Violence on the job: Identifying risks and developing solutions (pp. 29–49). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Bartram, T., Casimir, G., Djurkovic, N., Leggat, S. G., & Stanton, P. (2012). Do perceived high performance work systems influence the relationship between emotional labour, burnout and intention to leave? A study of Australian nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(7), 1567–1578. doi:10.1111/jan.2012.68.issue-7
  • Beehr, T. A., & Newman, J. E. (1978). Job stress, employee health, and organizational effectiveness: A facet analysis, model, and literature review. Personnel Psychology, 31(4), 665–699. doi:10.1111/peps.1978.31.issue-4
  • Bergerman, L., Corabian, P., & Harstall, C. (2009). Effectiveness of organizational interventions for the prevention of workplace stress. Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Institute of Health Economics.
  • Chappell, D., & Di Martino, V. (2006). Violence at work (3rd ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office.
  • Child, R. H., & Mentes, J. C. (2010). Violence against women: The phenomenon of workplace violence against nurses. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 31(2), 89–95. doi:10.3109/01612840903267638
  • Crank, J. P., Regoli, R., Hewitt, J. D., & Culbertson, R. G. (1995). Institutional and organizational antecedents of role stress, work alienation, and anomie among police executives. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 22(2), 152–171. doi:10.1177/0093854895022002004
  • Delmar, C. (2012). The excesses of care: A matter of understanding the asymmetry of power. Nursing Philosophy, 13(4), 236–243. doi:10.1111/nup.2012.13.issue-4
  • Efe, S. Y., & Ayaz, S. (2010). Mobbing against nurses in the workplace in Turkey. International Nursing Review, 57(3), 328–334. doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2010.00815.x
  • Estryn-Behar, M., van der Heijden, B., Camerino, D., Fry, C., Le Nezet, O., Conway, P. M., & Hasselhorn, H.-M. (2008). Violence risks in nursing—Results from the European ‘NEXT’ Study. Occupational Medicine, 58(2), 107–114. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqm142
  • Farrell, D. (1983). Exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect as responses to job dissatisfaction: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal, 26(4), 596–607. doi:10.2307/255909
  • Freudenberger, H. J. (1974). Staff burn‐out. Journal of Social Issues, 30(1), 159–165. doi:10.1111/josi.1974.30.issue-1
  • Ganesan, S., & Weitz, B. A. (1996). The impact of staffing policies on retail buyer job attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Retailing, 72(1), 31–56. doi:10.1016/S0022-4359(96)90004-4
  • Gates, D., Ross, C. S., & McQueen, L. (2006). Violence against emergency department workers. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 31(3), 331–337. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2005.12.028
  • Gates, D. M., Gillespie, G. L., & Succop, P. (2011). Violence against nurses and its impact on stress and productivity. Nursing Economics, 29(2), 59–66.
  • Gerberich, S. G., Church, T. R., McGovern, P. M., Hansen, H. E., Nachreiner, N. M., Geisser, M. S., … Watt, G. D. (2004). An epidemiological study of the magnitude and consequences of work related violence: The Minnesota nurses’ study. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 61(6), 495–503. doi:10.1136/oem.2003.007294
  • Gillespie, G. L., Gates, D. M., Miller, M., & Howard, P. K. (2010). Violence against healthcare workers in a pediatric emergency department. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal, 32(1), 68–82. doi:10.1097/TME.0b013e3181c8b0b4
  • Görgens‐Ekermans, G., & Brand, T. (2012). Emotional intelligence as a moderator in the stress–burnout relationship: A questionnaire study on nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(15–16), 2275–2285. doi:10.1111/jcn.2012.21.issue-15-16
  • Gregory, D. M., Way, C. Y., LeFort, S., Barrett, B. J., & Parfrey, P. S. (2007). Predictors of registered nurses’ organizational commitment and intent to stay. Health Care Management Review, 32(2), 119–127. doi:10.1097/01.HMR.0000267788.79190.f4
  • Hayes, L. J., O’ Brien-Pallas, L., Duffield, C., Shamian, J., Buchan, J., Hughes, F., … Stone, P. W. (2006). Nurse turnover: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(2), 237–263. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.02.007
  • Hegney, D., Eley, R., Plank, A., Buikstra, E., & Parker, V. (2006). Workplace violence in Queensland, Australia: The results of a comparative study. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 12(4), 220–231. doi:10.1111/ijn.2006.12.issue-4
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
  • Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested‐self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337–421. doi:10.1111/apps.2001.50.issue-3
  • Iacovides, A., Fountoulakis, K. N., Kaprinis, S., & Kaprinis, G. (2003). The relationship between job stress, burnout and clinical depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 75(3), 209–221. doi:10.1016/S0165-0327(02)00101-5
  • International Labour Office. (2003). Workplace violence in services sectors and measures to combat this phenomenon. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
  • IPRC. (2001). Workplace violence: A report to the nation. Retrieved from http://www.publichealth.uiowa.edu/IPRC/resources/workplaceviolencereport.pdf
  • Jang, S. J. (2004). Relationship between experience of patient’s violent behaviors and burnout of psychiatric nurses ( Unpublished Masters dissertation). Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
  • Jourdain, G., & Chênevert, D. (2010). Job demands–resources, burnout and intention to leave the nursing profession: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(6), 709–722. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.11.007
  • Karimi, L., Leggat, S. G., Donohue, L., Farrell, G., & Couper, G. E. (2014). Emotional rescue: The role of emotional intelligence and emotional labour on well‐being and job‐stress among community nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(1), 176–186. doi:10.1111/jan.2013.70.issue-1
  • Karsh, B., Booske, B. C., & Sainfort, F. (2005). Job and organizational determinants of nursing home employee commitment, job satisfaction and intent to turnover. Ergonomics, 48(10), 1260–1281. doi:10.1080/00140130500197195
  • Kessler, D. P., & Mylod, D. (2011). Does patient satisfaction affect patient loyalty? International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 24(4), 266–273. doi:10.1108/09526861111125570
  • Kristensen, T. S., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E., & Christensen, K. B. (2005). The Copenhagen burnout inventory: A new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work & Stress, 19(3), 192–207. doi:10.1080/02678370500297720
  • Kwak, R. P., Law, Y. K., Li, K. E., Ng, Y. C., Cheung, M. H., Fung, V. K., Leung, W.C. (2006). Prevalence of workplace violence against nurses in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Medical Journal, 12(1), 6–9.
  • Lanctôt, N., & Guay, S. (2014). The aftermath of workplace violence among healthcare workers: A systematic literature review of the consequences. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(5), 492–501. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2014.07.010
  • Laschinger, H. K. S., & Fida, R. (2014). A time-lagged analysis of the effect of authentic leadership on workplace bullying, burnout, and occupational turnover intentions. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 23(5), 739–753. doi:10.1080/1359432X.2013.804646
  • Lau, J., Magarey, J., & McCutcheon, H. (2004). Violence in the ED: A literature review. Australian Emergency Nursing Journal, 7(2), 27–37. doi:10.1016/S1328-2743(05)80028-8
  • Lin, T.-C., Lin, H.-S., Cheng, S.-F., Wu, L.-M., & Ou‐Yang, M.-C. (2016). Work stress, occupational burnout and depression levels: A clinical study of paediatric intensive care unit nurses in Taiwan. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 25(7–8), 1120–1130. doi:10.1111/jocn.2016.25.issue-7pt8
  • Magnavita, N., & Heponiemi, T. (2011). Workplace violence against nursing students and nurses: An Italian experience. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(2), 203–210. doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01392.x
  • Mark, G., & Smith, A. P. (2012). Occupational stress, job characteristics, coping, and the mental health of nurses. British Journal of Health Psychology, 17(3), 505–521. doi:10.1111/bjhp.2012.17.issue-3
  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99–113. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1379
  • Maslach, C., Schaufelli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397–422. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397
  • May, D. D., & Grubbs, L. M. (2002). The extent, nature, and precipitating factors of nurse assault among three groups of RNs in a regional medical center. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 28(1), 11–17. doi:10.1067/men.2002.121835
  • Mayhew, C., & Chappell, D. (2002). An overview of occupational violence. Australian Nursing Journal, 9(7), 34–35.
  • McKenna, B. G., Smith, N. A., Poole, S. J., & Coverdale, J. H. (2003). Horizontal violence: Experiences of registered nurses in their first year of practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 42(1), 90–96. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02583.x
  • McVicar, A. (2003). Workplace stress in nursing: A literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 44(6), 633–642. doi:10.1046/j.0309-2402.2003.02853.x
  • Mirza, N. M., Amjad, A. I., Bhatti, A. B. H., Shaikh, K. S., Kiani, J., Yusuf, M. M., … Imam, S. Z. (2012). Violence and abuse faced by junior physicians in the emergency department from patients and their caretakers: A nationwide study from Pakistan. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 42(6), 727–733. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.01.029
  • Morrison, E. F., & Love, C. C. (2003). An evaluation of four programs for the management of aggression in psychiatric settings. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 17(4), 146–155. doi:10.1016/S0883-9417(03)00085-2
  • Mosadeghrad, A. M., Ferlie, E., & Rosenberg, D. (2011). A study of relationship between job stress, quality of working life and turnover intention among hospital employees. Health Services Management Research, 24(4), 170–181. doi:10.1258/hsmr.2011.011009
  • Newman, C. J., de Vries, D. H., d’Arc Kanakuze, J., & Ngendahimana, G. (2011). Workplace violence and gender discrimination in Rwanda’s health workforce: Increasing safety and gender equality. Human Resources for Health, 9(1), 19–31. doi:10.1186/1478-4491-9-19
  • Noor, S., & Maad, N. (2009). Examining the relationship between work life conflict, stress and turnover intentions among marketing executives in Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 3(11), 93–102. doi:10.5539/ijbm.v3n11p93
  • Perrone, S. (1999). Violence in the workplace: Research and public policy series no. 22. Canberra, Australia: Australian Institute of Criminology.
  • Pich, J., Hazelton, M., Sundin, D., & Kable, A. (2010). Patient‐related violence against emergency department nurses. Nursing & Health Sciences, 12(2), 268–274. doi:10.1111/nhs.2010.12.issue-2
  • Pines, A. M., & Keinan, G. (2005). Stress and burnout: The significant difference. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(3), 625–635. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.02.009
  • Pisaniello, S. L., Winefield, H. R., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2012). The influence of emotional labour and emotional work on the occupational health and wellbeing of South Australian hospital nurses. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 579–591. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2012.01.015
  • Rousseau, D. M., Manning, J., & Denyer, D. (2008). Evidence in management and organizational science: Assembling the field’s full weight of scientific knowledge through syntheses. The Academy of Management Annals, 2(1), 475–515. doi:10.1080/19416520802211651
  • Samir, N., Mohamed, R., Moustafa, E., & Saif, H. A. (2012). Nurses’ attitudes and reactions to workplace violence in obstetrics and gynaecology departments in Cairo hospitals. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 18(3), 198–204. doi:10.26719/2012.18.3.198
  • Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Van Rhenen, W. (2009). How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(7), 893–917. doi:10.1002/job.v30:7
  • Shahzad, A., & Malik, R. K. (2014). Workplace violence: An extensive issue for nurses in Pakistan—A qualitative investigation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(11), 2021–2034. doi:10.1177/0886260513516005
  • Shoorideh, F. A., Ashktorab, T., Yaghmaei, F., & Alavi Majd, H. (2015). Relationship between ICU nurses’ moral distress with burnout and anticipated turnover. Nursing Ethics, 22(1), 64–76. doi:10.1177/0969733014534874
  • Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: Path analyses based on meta‐analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46(2), 259–293. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00874.x
  • Tsai, Y., & Wu, S.-W. (2010). The relationships between organisational citizenship behaviour, job satisfaction and turnover intention. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19(23–24), 3564–3574. doi:10.1111/jcn.2010.19.issue-23-24
  • Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108–119. doi:10.2307/256902
  • Versola-Russo, J. M. (2006). Workplace violence: Vicarious trauma in the psychiatric setting. Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations, 6(2), 79–103. doi:10.1300/J173v06n02_06
  • Wagner, C. M. (2010). Predicting nursing turnover with catastrophe theory. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(9), 2071–2084.
  • Wei, C.-Y., Chiou, S.-T., Chien, L.-Y., & Huang, N. (2016). Workplace violence against nurses—Prevalence and association with hospital organizational characteristics and health-promotion efforts: Cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 56, 63–70. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.12.012
  • Westman, M., Hobfoll, S. E., Chen, S., Davidson, O. B., & Laski, S. (2004). Organizational stress through the lens of conservation of resources (COR) theory. In: P. L. Perrewe & D. C. Ganster (Eds.), Exploring interpersonal dynamics (pp. 167–220). Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Whittington, R. (2002). Attitudes toward patient aggression amongst mental health nurses in the ‘zero tolerance’ era: Associations with burnout and length of experience. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 11(6), 819–825. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2702.2002.00659.x
  • Wickett, D., McCutcheon, H., & Long, L. (2003). Commentary: An Australian perspective. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 43(4), 343–345. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02722_2.x
  • Wiley, K. K. (2008). Nebraska nurse survey results, making a world of difference: Workplace violence and nursing. Nebraska Nurse, 40(4), 14–19.
  • Winter-Collins, A., & McDaniel, A. M. (2000). Sense of belonging and new graduate job satisfaction. Journal of Nurses in Staff Development, 16(3), 103–111. doi:10.1097/00124645-200005000-00002
  • Withey, M. J., & Cooper, W. H. (1989). Predicting exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34(4), 521–539. doi:10.2307/2393565
  • Woelfle, C. Y., & McCaffrey, R. (2007). Nurse on nurse. Nursing Forum, 42(3), 123–131. doi:10.1111/nuf.2007.42.issue-3
  • Woodhead, E. L., Northrop, L., & Edelstein, B. (2016). Stress, social support, and burnout among long-term care nursing staff. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 35(1), 84–105. doi:10.1177/0733464814542465
  • Woodrow, C., & Guest, D. E. (2012). Public violence, staff harassment and the wellbeing of nursing staff: An analysis of national survey data. Health Services Management Research, 25(1), 24–30. doi:10.1258/hsmr.2011.011019
  • Yeung, A., & Griffin, B. (2008). Workplace incivility: Does it matter in Asia? People and Strategy, 31(3), 14–19.
  • Zafar, W., Siddiqui, E., Ejaz, K., Shehzad, M. U., Khan, U. R., Jamali, S., & Razzak, J. A. (2013). Health care personnel and workplace violence in the emergency departments of a volatile metropolis: Results from Karachi, Pakistan. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 45(5), 761–772. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.04.049

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.