Exploring the Traumatic Experiences of Women Living with HIV: Using the Life History Calendar

References

• Aaron, E., Criniti, S., Bonacquisti, A., & Geller, P. A. (2013). Providing sensitive care for adult HIV-infected women with a history of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 24(4), 355–367. doi:10.1016/j.jana.2013.03.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychological Association. (2014). The road to resilience. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/road-resilience.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Association, American Psychiatric. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Axinn, W., Pearce, L., & Ghimire, D. (1999). Innovations in Life History Calendar applications. Social Science Research, 28, 243–264. doi:10.1006/ssre.1998.0641
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belli, R. (1998). The structure of autobiographical memory and the event history calendar: Potential improvements in the quality of retrospective reports in surveys. Memory, 6, 383–406. doi:10.1080/741942610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bletzer, K. V. (2007). Identity and resilience among persons with HIV: A rural African American experience. Qualitative Health Research, 17, 162–175. PubMed: 17220388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broz, D., Wejnert, C., Pham, H. T., DiNenno, E., Heffelfinger, J. D., & Cribbin, M., Behavioral Surveillance System Study Group. 2014. HIV infection and risk, prevention, and testing behaviors among injecting drug users – National HIV behavioral surveillance system, 20 U.S. cities, 2009. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries, 63(6), 1–51 Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6306a1.htm?ref=driverlayer.com.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caruthers, A. S., Van Ryzin, R., & Dishion, T. J. (2013). Preventing high-risk sexual behavior in early adulthood with family interventions in adolescence: Outcomes and developmental processes. Prevention Science, online publication. doi:10.1007/s1121-013-0383-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease and Control Prevention. (2015, March). HIV and women[Fact sheet]. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017. HIV and AIDS in the United States: A picture of today’s epidemic. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/united_states.html. Accessed July 3, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Chesney, M. A., Ickovics, J. R., Chambers, D. B., Gifford, A. L., Neidig, J., Zwickl, B., & Wu, A. W., Patient care committee & adherence working group of the outcomes committee of the adult aids clinical trials group (AACTG). 2000. Self-reported adherence to antiretroviral medications among participants in HIV clinical trials: The AACTG Adherence Instruments. AIDS Care, 12(3), 255–266. doi::10.1080/09540120050042891
   Google Scholar
• Cook, J. A., Grey, D., Burke-Miller, J., Cohen, M. H., Anastos, K., Gandhi, M., … Young, M. (2006). Effects of treated and untreated depressive symptoms on highly antiretroviral therapy use in a US multi-site cohort of HIV-positive women. American Journal of Public Health, 18(2), 93–100. doi:10.1080/09540120500159284
   Google Scholar
• Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed. ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Dass-Brailsford, P. (2005). An exploration in resiliency: Academic achievement among disadvantaged Black youth in South Africa. South African Journal of Psychology, 35(3), 571–594.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Santis, J. P., Florom-Smith, A., Vermeesch, A., Barroso, S., & Deleon, D. A. (2013). Motivation, management, and mastery: A theory of resilience in the context of HIV infection. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 19(1), 36–46. doi:10.1177/1078390312474096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeHart, D., Lynch, S., Belknap, J., Dass-Brailsford, P., & Green, B. (2014). Life-history models of female offending: The role of serious mental illness and trauma in women’s pathways to jail. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 38(1), 138–151. doi:10.1177/0361684313494357
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Bassen, N., Shaw, S. A., Dasgupta, A., & Strathdee, S. A. (2014). Drug use as a driver of HIV risks: Re-emerging and emerging issues. Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS, 9(2), 150–155. doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farber, E. W., Schwartz, J. A. J., Schaper, P. E., Moonen, D. J., & McDaniel, J. S. (2000). Resilience factors associated with adaptation to HIV disease. Psychosomatics, 41, 140–146. ( PubMed: 10749952).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman, D., Thornton, A., Camburn, D., Alwin, D., & Young-DeMarco, L. (1988). The Life History Calendar: A technique for collecting retrospective data. Sociological Methodology. 18, 37–68. Retrieved from http://personal.psc.isr.umich.edu/yuxie-web/files/pubs/Articles/Freedman_et_al1988.pdf.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garmezy, N. (1993). Vulnerability and resilience. In D. C. Funder, R. D. Parke, C. A. Tomilinson-Keasey, & K. Widaman (Eds.), Studying lives through time: Personality and development. American experiences of older U.S. women living with HIV/AIDS (Vol. 28, pp. 3–20). Children in poverty: Resilience despite risk. Psychiatry, 56, 127–136. Health Care for Women International. PubMed: 17148106.
   Google Scholar
• Gosselink, C.A, & Myllykangas, S.A. (2007). The leisure experiences of older U.S. women living with HIV/AIDS. Health Care for Women International, 28, 3–20. PubMed: 17148106. doi:10.1080/07399330601001402
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jeronimus, B. F., Ormel, J., Aleman, A., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & Riese, H. (2013). Negative and positive life events are associated with small but lasting change in neuroticism. Psychological Medicine, 43(11), 2403–2415; PMID 23410535. doi:10.1017/s0033291713000159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16, 606–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavalle, C., Aguilar, J. C. D., Pena, F., Estada-Aguilar, J. L., Avina-Zubieta, J. A., & Madrazo, M. (2000). Reduction in hospitalization costs, morbidity, disability, and mortality in patients with AIDS treated with protease inhibitors. Archives of Medical Research, 31, 515–519. ( PubMed: 11179588).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, R., & Fielding, N. (1996). Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis: The user’s perspective. In F. Faulbaum, & W. Bandilla (Eds.), SOFTSTAT ‘95: Advances in statistical software 5. Stuttgart: Lucius.
   Google Scholar
• Leech, N. L., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2007). An array of qualitative data analysis tools: A call for data analysis triangulation. School Psychology Quarterly, 22(4), 557–584. doi:10.1037/1045-3830.22.4.55
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leserman, J., Pence, B. W., Whetten, K., Mugavero, M. J., Thielman, N. M., Swartz, M. S., & Stangl, D. (2007). Relation of lifetime trauma and depressive symptoms to mortality in HIV. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(11), 1707–1713. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06111775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lestrade, K. N., Talbot, N. L., Ward, E. A., & Cort, N. A. (2013). High-risk sexual behaviors among depressed Black women with histories of intrafamilial and extrafamilial childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(6), 400–403. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.01.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H., Longshore, D., Williams, J. K., Rivkin, I., Loeb, T., Warda, U. S., … Wyatt, G. (2006). Substance abuse and medication adherence among HIV-positive women with histories of childhood sexual abuse. AIDS and Behavior, 10(3), 279–286. doi:10.1007/s10461-005-9041-y
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowe, S. R., Galea, S., Uddin, M., & Koenen, K. (2014). Trajectories of posttraumatic stress among urban residents. American Journal of Community Psychology, 53, 159–172. doi:10.1007/s10464-014-9634-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahungu, T. W., Rodger, A. J., & Johnson, M. A. (2009). HIV as a chronic disease. Clinical Medicine, 9(2), 125–128. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.9-2-125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, L., & Kagee, A. (2011). Lifetime and HIV-related PTSD among persons recently diagnosed with HIV. AIDS and Behavior, 15(1), 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10461-008-9498-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425–444.
   Google Scholar
• Masten, A. S., & Garmezy, N. (1985). Risk, vulnerability and protective factors in developmental psychopathology. In B. B. Lahey, & A. E. Kazdin (editors), Advances in clinical child psychology (Vol. 8, pp. 1–512). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mugavero, M., Ostermann, J., Whetten, K., Leserman, J., Swartz, M., Stangl, D., & Thielman, N. (2006). Barriers to antiretroviral adherence: The importance of depression, abuse, and other traumatic events. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 20(6), 418–428. doi:10.1089/apc.2006.20.418
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers, H. F., Sumner, L. A., Ullman, J. B., Loeb, T. B., Carmona, J. V., & Wyatt, G. E. (2009). Trauma and psychosocial predictors of substance abuse in women impacted by HIV/AIDS. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research, 36(2), 233–246. doi:10.1007/s11414-008-9134-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Myers, H. F., Wyatt, G. E., Loeb, T. B., Carmona, J. V., Warda, U., Longshore, D., … Liu, H. (2006). Severity of childhood sexual abuse, post-traumatic stress and risky sexual behavior among HIV positive women. AIDS and Behavior, 10(2), 191–199. doi:10.1007/s10461-005-9054-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NVivo (Version 8) [Computer software]. Cambridge, MA: QSR International Pty Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• Pellowski, J. A., Kalichman, S. C., Matthews, K. A., & Adler, N. (2013). A pandemic of the poor: Social disadvantage and the US HIV epidemic. American Psychologist, 68(4), 197–209. doi:10.1037/a0032694
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pence, B., Reif, S., Whetten, K., Leserman, J., Stangl, D., Swartz, M., … Mugavero, M. (2007). Minorities, the poor, and survivors of abuse: HIV-infected patients in the U.S. Deep South. Southern Medical Journal, 100(11), 1114–1122. doi:10.1097/01.smj.0000286756.54607.9f
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope, C., Ziebland, S., & Mays, N. (2000). Qualitative research in health care: Analysing qualitative data. British Medical Journal, 320(7227), 114–116. Retrieved from http://www.brown.uk.com/teaching/HEST5001/pope.pdf.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, R. C., House, A. S., & Stepleman, L. M. (2010). Intimate partner violence and its effects on the health of African American HIV-positive women. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 2(4), 311–317. doi:10.1037/a0018977
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316–331. ( PubMed: 3303954).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuels, E., Khalife, S., Alfonso, C. A., Alvarez, R., & Cohen, M. A. (2011). Early childhood trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and non-adherence in persons with AIDS: A psychodynamic perspective. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 39(4), 633–650. doi:10.1521/jaap.2011.39.4.633
   Google Scholar
• Siegel, J., & Williams, L. (2003). Relationship between child sexual abuse and female delinquency and crime: A prospective study. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 40, 71–94. doi:10.1177/0022427802239254
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sikkema, K. J., Hansen, N. B., Tarakeshwar, N., Kochman, A., Tate, D. C., & Lee, R. S. (2004). The clinical significance of change in trauma-related symptoms following a pilot group intervention for coping with HIV-AIDS and childhood sexual trauma. AIDS and Behavior, 8(3), 277–291. doi:10.1023/B:AIBE.0000044075.12845.7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Lowe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. The Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 10920–11097.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson, J. M. (1986). The formal qualitative interview for grounded theory. In W. C. Chenitz, & J. M. Swanson (Eds.), From practice to grounded theory: Qualitative research in nursing (pp. 66–78). Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Swanston, H. Y., Parkinson, P. N., O’Toole, B. I., Plunkett, A. M., Shrimpton, S., & Oates, R. K. (2003). Juvenile crime, aggression, and delinquency after sexual abuse: A longitudinal study. British Journal of Criminology. 43, 729–749. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23639002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theunick, A. C., Lake, N., & Gibson, S. (2010). HIV-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Investigating the traumatic events. AIDS Patient Care and STDS, 24(8), 485–491. doi:10.1089/apc.2009.0231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2011). HHS action plan to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities. Retrieved from http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/npa/files/Plans/HHS/HHS_Plan_complete.pdf. Accessed June 10, 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Walton, G., Co, S., Milloy, M.-J., Qi, J., Kerr, T., & Wood, E. (2011). High prevalence of childhood emotional, physical and sexual trauma among a Canadian cohort of HIV-seropositive illicit drug users. AIDS Care, 23(6), 714–721. doi:10.1080/09540121.2010.525618
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whetten, K., Shirey, K., Pence, B. W., Yao, J., Thielman, N., & Whetten, R. & CHAT Research Team. (2013). Trauma history and depression predict incomplete adherence to antiretroviral therapies in low income country. PLoS One, 8(10), e747771. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074771
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wight, D., & Fullerton, D. PubMed. (2012). A review of interventions with parents to promote the sexual health of their children. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(1), 4–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolfe, J., & Kimerling, R. (1997). Gender issues in the assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder. In J. Wilson, & T. M. Keane (Eds.), Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 192–238). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yoshihama, M. (2004). Application of the Life History Calendar method to understand women’s experiences of intimate partner violence over the life course. Paper presented at the Nebraska Symposium on Survey Science: Exposures and Well-Being: Emerging Methodologies in Life-Events Research, Gallup University Riverfront Campus, Omaha, Nebraska.
   Google Scholar