References
- Barrera, M. (1986). Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(4), 413–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00922627
- Başoğlu, M., Mineka, S., Paker, M., Aker, T., Livanou, M., & Gök, Ş. (1997). Psychological preparedness for trauma as a protective factor in survivors of torture. Psychological Medicine, 27(6), 1421–1433. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291797005679
- Bentler, P. M. (1988). Causal modeling via structural equation systems. In J. R. Nesselroad & R. B. Cattell (Eds.), Handbook of multivariate experimental psychology (2nd ed., pp. 317–335). Plenum.
- Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
- Bentler, P. M. (1992). On the fit of models to covariances and methodology to the Bulletin. Psychological Bulletin, 112(3), 400–404. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.3.400
- Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588–606. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588
- Bentler, P. M., & Chou, C. P. (1987). Practical issues in structural modeling. Sociological Methods & Research, 16(1), 78–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124187016001004
- Birkett, M., Newcomb, M. E., & Mustanski, B. (2015). Does it get better? A longitudinal analysis of psychological distress and victimization in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(3), 280–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.10.275
- Bollen, K. A. (1989). A new incremental fit index for general structural equation models. Sociological Methods & Research, 17(3), 303–316. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124189017003004
- Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (Eds.). (1993). Testing structural equation models. Sage.
- Burton, C. M., Marshal, M. P., Chisolm, D. J., Sucato, G. S., & Friedman, M. S. (2013). Sexual minority-related victimization as a mediator of mental health disparities in sexual minority youth: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(3), 394–402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9901-5
- Chan, R. C. H., & Mak, W. S. (2018). LGBT community mental health research report series 2: Social acceptance. Diversity and Well-being Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
- Chang, C. W., Yuan, R., & Chen, J. K. (2018). Social support and depression among Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of self-esteem and self-efficacy. Children and Youth Services Review, 88, 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.03.001
- Chen, J. K. (2020). Cyber victimisation, social support, and psychological distress among junior high school students in Taiwan and Mainland China. Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work and Development, 30(3), 150–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185385.2020.1755994
- Chen, J. K., & Wei, H. S. (2013). School violence, social support and psychological health among Taiwanese junior high school students. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(4), 252–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.01.001
- Cheng, S. T., & Chan, A. C. M. (2004). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support: Dimensionality and age and gender differences in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(7), 1359–1369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.01.006
- Chou, K. L. (2000). Assessing Chinese adolescents’ social support: The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Personality and Individual Differences, 28(2), 299–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00098-7
- Chow, P. K. Y., & Cheng, S. T. (2010). Shame, internalized heterosexism, lesbian identity, and coming out to others: A comparative study of lesbians in mainland China and Hong Kong. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57(1), 92–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017930
- Collier, K. L., van Beusekom, G., Bos, H. M. W., & Sandfort, T. G. M. (2013). Sexual orientation and gender identity/expression related peer victimization in adolescence: A systematic review of associated psychosocial and health outcomes. Journal of Sex Research, 50(3–4), 299–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2012.750639
- D’Augelli, A. R., Pilkington, N. W., & Hershberger, S. L. (2002). Incidence and mental health impact of sexual orientation victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths in high school. School Psychology Quarterly, 17(2), 148–167. https://doi.org/10.1521/scpq.17.2.148.20854
- Demaray, M. K., & Malecki, C. K. (2006). A review of the use of social support in anti-bullying programs. Journal of School Violence, 5(3), 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1300/J202v05n03_05
- Duru, E., & Balkis, M. (2018). Exposure to school violence at school and mental health of victimized adolescents: The mediation role of social support. Child Abuse & Neglect, 76, 342–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.11.016
- Gjesfjeld, C. D., Greeno, C. G., Kim, K. H., & Anderson, C. M. (2010). Economic stress, social support, and maternal depression: Is social support deterioration occurring? Social Work Research, 34(3), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/swr/34.3.135
- Goodman, L. A. (1961). Snowball sampling. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 32(1), 148–170. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177705148
- Hall, W. J. (2018). Psychosocial risk and protective factors for depression among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer youth: A systematic review. Journal of Homosexuality, 65(3), 263–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2017.1317467
- Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., & Cogan, J. C. (1999). Psychological sequelae of hate-crime victimization among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(6), 945–951. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.67.6.945
- Hershberger, S. L., & D’Augelli, A. R. (1995). The impact of victimization on the mental health and suicidality of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths. Developmental Psychology, 31(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.31.1.65
- Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
- Hui, C. H., & Triandis, H. C. (1986). Individualism-collectivism: A study of cross-cultural researchers. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 17(2), 225–248. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002186017002006
- Kaniasty, K., & Norris, F. H. (1993). A test of the social support deterioration model in the context of natural disaster. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(3), 395–408. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.3.395
- Kilpatrick, D. G., Ruggiero, K. J., Acierno, R., Saunders, B. E., Resnick, H. S., & Best, C. L. (2003). Violence and risk of PTSD, major depression, substance abuse/dependence, and comorbidity: Results from the National Survey of Adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(4), 692–700. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.71.4.692
- Kowk, K. (2015). Research report: Homosexual, bisexual and transgender secondary school students’ experience of harassment and discrimination in schools. http://www.eoc.org.hk/EOC/Upload/UserFiles/File/Funding%20Programme/policy/1314/20150526/HKIEd_Research%20Report_C.pdf.
- Lee, M. B., Lee, Y. J., Yen, L. L., Lin, M. H., & Lue, B. H. (1990). Reliability and validity of using a brief psychiatric symptom rating scale in clinical practice. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 89(12), 1081–1087. http://ntur.lib.ntu.edu.tw//handle/246246/94660
- Malkina-Pykh, I. G., & Pykh, Y. A. (2013). An integrated model of psychological preparedness for threat and impacts of climate change disasters. WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 133, 121–132. https://doi.org/10.2495/DMAN130121
- Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 38–56. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137286
- Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674–697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674
- Molero, F., Silván-Ferrero, P., Fuster-ruiz de Apodaca, M. J., Nouvilas-Pallejá, E., & Pérez-Garín, D. (2017). Subtle and blatant perceived discrimination and well-being in lesbians and gay men in Spain: The role of social support. Psicothema, 29(4), 475–481. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2016.296
- Norris, F. H., & Kaniasty, K. (1996). Received and perceived social support in times of stress: A test of the social support deterioration deterrence model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3), 498–511. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.3.498
- Pepin, E. N., & Banyard, V. L. (2006). Social support: A mediator between child maltreatment and developmental outcomes. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(4), 612–630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9063–4
- Prelow, H. M., Mosher, C. E., & Bowman, M. A. (2006). Perceived racial discrimination, social support, and psychological adjustment among African American college students. Journal of Black Psychology, 32(4), 442–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798406292677
- Puckett, J. A., Newcomb, M. E., Garofalo, R., & Mustanski, B. (2016). The impact of victimization and neuroticism on mental health in young men who have sex with men: Internalized homophobia as an underlying mechanism. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 13(3), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-016-0239-8
- Puckett, J. A., Woodward, E. N., Mereish, E. H., & Pantalone, D. W. (2015). Parental rejection following sexual orientation disclosure: Impact on internalized homophobia, social support, and mental health. LGBT Health, 2(3), 265–269. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2013.0024
- Punamäki, R. L., Komproe, I., Qouta, S., El-Masri, M., & de Jong, J. T. V. M. (2005). The deterioration and mobilization effects of trauma on social support: Childhood maltreatment and adulthood military violence in a Palestinian community sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29(4), 351–373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.10.011
- Suen, Y. T., Wong, A. W. C., Barrow, A., Wong, M. Y., Mak, W. S., Choi, P. K., … Lau, T. F. (2016). Study on legislation against discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity and intersex status. http://www.eoc.org.hk/eoc/upload/ResearchReport/20161251750293418312.pdf.
- Toomey, R. B., Ryan, C., Diaz, R. M., Card, N. A., & Russell, S. T. (2013). Gender-nonconforming lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth: School victimization and young adult psychosocial adjustment. Developmental Psychology, 46(6), 1580–1589. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020705
- Trochim, W. M., & Donnelly, J. P. (2001). Research methods knowledge base. Cengage Learning.
- Williams, T., Connolly, J., Pepler, D., & Craig, W. (2005). Peer victimization, social support, and psychosocial adjustment of sexual minority adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 34(5), 471–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-7264-x
- Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2