References
- Aubin, J., Lavallée, C., Camirand, J., Audet, N., Beauvais, B., & Berthiaume, P. (2002). Enquête sociale et de santé auprès des enfants et des adolescents québécois 1999. QC: Institut national de la statistique du Québec (INSPQ). Social and Health Survey of Quebec Children and Youth 1999
- Banyard, V., Hamby, S., & Grych, J. (2017). Health effects of adverse childhood events: Identifying promising protective factors at the intersection of mental and physical well-being. Child Abuse & Neglect, 65, 88–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.01.011
- Bremner, J. D., Bolus, R., & Mayer, E. A. (2007). Psychometric properties of the Early Trauma Inventory-Self-Report. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195(3), 211–218. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000243824.84651.6c
- Briere, J. (2002). Treating adult survivors of severe childhood abuse and neglect: Further development of an integrative model. In The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (2nd ed ed., pp. 175–203). Sage Publications, Inc.
- Campbell, R., Greeson, M. R., Fehler-Cabral, G., & Kennedy, A. C. (2015). Pathways to help: Adolescent sexual assault victims’ disclosure and help-seeking experiences. Violence Against Women, 21(7), 824–847. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801215584071
- Caridade, S., Braga, T., & Borrajo, E. (2019). Cyber dating abuse (CDA): Evidence from a systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 48, 152–168. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2019.08.018
- Cénat, J. M., Smith, K., Hébert, M., & Derivois, D. (2021). Polyvictimization and cybervictimization among college students from France: The mediation role of psychological distress and resilience. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36, 17–18 9252–9271 . 0886260519854554. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519854554
- Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Deblinger, E. (2017). Treating trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents (2nd ed ed.). Guilford Press.
- Courtain, A., & Glowacz, F. (2019). Youth’s conflict resolution strategies in their dating relationships. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(2), 256–268. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0930-6
- Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4 ed. ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Domhardt, M., Münzer, A., Fegert, J. M., & Goldbeck, L. (2015). Resilience in Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 16(4), 476–493. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838014557288
- Draucker, C. B., & Martsolf, D. S. (2010). The role of electronic communication technology in adolescent dating violence. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 23(3), 133–142. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00235.x
- Fernet, M., Lapierre, A., Hébert, M., & Cousineau, M.-M. (2019). A systematic review of literature on cyber intimate partner victimization in adolescent girls and women. Computers in Human Behavior, 100, 11–25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.06.005
- Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, I. A., & Smith, C. (1990). Sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: Prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 14(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(90)90077-7
- Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R. K., & Turner, H. A. (2007). Poly-victimization: A neglected component in child victimization. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31(1), 7–26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2006.06.008
- Flach, R. M. D., & Deslandes, S. F. (2017). Cyber dating abuse in affective and sexual relationships: A literature review. Cadernos de saude publica, 33(7), 1–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15090/0102-311x00138516e00138516.
- Goncy, E. A., Basting, E. J., & Dunn, C. B. (2020). A meta-analysis linking parent-to-child aggression and dating abuse during adolescence and young adulthood. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 152483802091560. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838020915602
- Grych, J., Hamby, S., & Banyard, V. (2015). The Resilience Portfolio Model: Understanding healthy adaptation in victims of violence. Psychology of Violence, 5(4), 343–354. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039671
- Hamby, S., Finkelhor, D., Turner, H., & Ormrod, R. (2010). The overlap of witnessing partner violence with child maltreatment and other victimizations in a nationally representative survey of youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34(10), 734–741. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.03.001
- Hamby, S., Grych, J., & Banyard, V. (2018). Resilience portfolios and poly-strengths: Identifying protective factors associated with thriving after adversity. Psychology of Violence, 8(2), 172–183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000135
- Hamby, S., Taylor, E., Mitchell, K., Jones, L., & Newlin, C. (2020). Poly-victimization, trauma, and resilience: Exploring strengths that promote thriving after adversity. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 21(3), 376–395. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2020.1719261
- Hébert, M., Daspe, M.-È., Lapierre, A., Godbout, N., Blais, M., Fernet, M., & Lavoie, F. (2019). A meta-analysis of risk and protective factors for dating violence victimization: The role of family and peer interpersonal context. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 20(4), 574–590. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838017725336
- Hébert, M., Lapierre, A., Lavoie, F., Fernet, M., & Blais, M. (2018). La violence dans les relations amoureuses des jeunes. In J. Laforest, P. Maurice, and M. Bouchard , et L. (Eds.), Rapport québécois sur la violence et la santé, 98-129 . INSPQ .
- Heerde, J. A., & Hemphill, S. A. (2018). Examination of associations between informal help-seeking behavior, social support, and adolescent psychosocial outcomes: A meta-analysis. Developmental Review, 47, 44–62. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2017.10.001
- Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. (2020). Digital dating abuse among a national sample of U.S. youth. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 088626051989734. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519897344
- Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
- Jensen, T. K., Holt, T., Ormhaug, S. M., Egeland, K., Granly, L., Hoaas, L. C., Hukkelberg, S. S., Indregard, T., Stormyren, S. D., & Wentzel-Larsen, T. (2014). A randomized effectiveness study comparing trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy with therapy as usual for youth. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 43(3), 356–369. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.822307
- Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Lattanner, M. R. (2014). Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 1073–1137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618
- Lucero, J. L., Weisz, A. N., Smith-Darden, J., & Lucero, S. M. (2014). Exploring gender differences: Socially interactive technology use/abuse among dating teens. Affilia, 29(4), 478–491. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109914522627
- Martins, M. J., Simão, A. M., Freire, I., Caetano, A. P., & Matos, A. (2016). Cyber-victimization and cyber-aggression among Portuguese adolescents: The relation to family support and family rules. International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning, 6(3), 65–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4018/IJCBPL.2016070105
- Masten, A. S. (2011). Resilience in children threatened by extreme adversity: Frameworks for research, practice, and translational synergy. Development and Psychopathology, 23(2), 493–506. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579411000198
- Nesi, J., Choukas-Bradley, S., & Prinstein, M. J. (2018). Transformation of adolescent peer relations in the social media context: Part 1 - A theoretical framework and application to dyadic peer relationships. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 21(3), 267–294. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-018-0261-x
- Nguyen, L. K., Spitzberg, B. H., & Lee, C. M. (2012). Coping with obsessive relational intrusion and stalking: The role of social support and coping strategies. Violence and Victims, 3(3), 414–433. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.27.3.414
- Palladino, B. E., Nocentini, A., & Menesini, E. (2016). Evidence‐based intervention against bullying and cyberbullying: Evaluation of the NoTrap! program in two independent trials. Aggressive Behavior, 42(2), 194–206. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21636
- Reed, L. A., Tolman, R. M., & Ward, L. M. (2016). Snooping and sexting: Digital media as a context for dating aggression and abuse among college students. Violence Against Women, 22(13), 1556–1576. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801216630143
- Reed, L. A., Tolman, R. M., & Ward, L. M. (2017). Gender matters: Experiences and consequences of digital dating abuse victimization in adolescent dating relationships. Journal of Adolescence, 59, 79–89. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.05.015
- Risser, H. J., Hetzel-Riggin, M. D., Thomsen, C. J., & McCanne, T. R. (2006). PTSD as a mediator of sexual revictimization: The role of reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal symptoms. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19(5), 687–698. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20156
- Shin, S. H., Edwards, E. M., & Heeren, T. (2009). Child abuse and neglect: Relations to adolescent binge drinking in the national longitudinal study of Adolescent Health Study. Addictive Behaviors, 34(3), 277–280. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.10.023
- Smith-Darden, J. P., Kernsmith, P. D., Victor, B. G., & Lathrop, R. A. (2017). Electronic displays of aggression in teen dating relationships: Does the social ecology matter? Computers in Human Behavior, 67, 33–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.10.015
- Smith, K., Cénat, J. M., Lapierre, A., Dion, J., Hébert, M., & Côté, K. (2018). Cyber dating violence: Prevalence and correlates among high school students from small urban areas in Quebec. Journal of Affective Disorders, 234, 220–223. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.043
- Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Boney-McCoy, S., & Sugarman, D. B. (1996). The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2): Development and preliminary psychometric data. Journal of Family Issues, 17(3), 283–316. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/019251396017003001
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics 6th edition. Allyn & Bacon.
- Thoits, P. A. (2011). Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(2), 145–161. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510395592
- Van Ouytsel, J., Ponnet, K., & Walrave, M. (2018). Cyber dating abuse victimization among secondary school students from a lifestyle-routine activities theory perspective. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 33(17), 2767–2776. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516629390
- Watkins, L. E., Maldonado, R. C., & DiLillo, D. (2018). The Cyber Aggression in Relationships Scale: A new multidimensional measure of technology-based intimate partner aggression. Assessment, 25(5), 608–626. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116665696
- Wincentak, K., Connolly, J., & Card, N. (2017). Teen dating violence: A meta-analytic review of prevalence rates. Psychology of Violence, 7(2), 224–241. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0040194
- Ybarra, M. L., Espelage, D. L., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Korchmaros, J. D., & Boyd, D. (2016). Lifetime prevalence rates and overlap of physical, psychological, and sexual dating abuse perpetration and victimization in a national sample of youth. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(5), 1083–1099. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0748-9
- Zweig, J. M., Dank, M., Yahner, J., & Lachman, P. (2013). The rate of cyber dating abuse among teens and how it relates to other forms of teen dating Violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(7), 1063–1077. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9922-8
- Zych, I., Farrington, D. P., & Ttofi, M. M. (2019). Protective factors against bullying and cyberbullying: A systematic review of meta-analyses. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45 , 4–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.06.008