Delivery and activation of nano-iron by DC electric field

References

• Zhang , W. 2003 . Nanoscale iron particles for environmental remediation: An overview . J. Nanoparticle Research. , 5 : 323 – 332 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun , Y. P. , Li , X. Q. , Cao , J. , Zhang , W. and Wang , H. P. 2006 . Characterization of zero-valent iron nanoparticles . Adv. Coll. Interf. Sci. , 120 : 47 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pamukcu , S. and Wittle , J. K. 1992 . Electrokinetic removal of selected heavy metals from soil . Environmental prog. AIChE , 11 ( 3 ) : 241 – 250 .
   Google Scholar
• Probstein , R. F. and Hicks , R. E. 1993 . Removal of contaminants from soils by electric fields . Science , 260 : 498 – 503 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lageman , R. 1993 . Electro-reclamation: Applications in the Netherlands . Environ. Science and Technology , 27 ( 13 ) : 2648 – 2650 .
   Google Scholar
• Acar , Y. B. and Alashawabkeh , A. N. 1993 . Principles of electrokinetic remediation . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 27 ( 13 ) : 2638 – 2647 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alshawabkeh , A. N. and Sarahney , H. 2005 . Effect of current density on enhanced transformation of naphthalene . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 5837 – 5843 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chew , C. F. and Zhang , T. C. 1998 . In-situ Remediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater by electrokinetics/iron wall process . Water Sci.Technol. , 38 ( 7 ) : 135 – 142 .
   Google Scholar
• Chew , C. F. and Zhang , T. C. 1999 . Abiotic degradation of nitrates using zero-valent iron and electrokinetic process . Environ. Eng. Sci. , 16 ( 5 ) : 389 – 401 .
   Google Scholar
• Pamukcu , S. , Weeks , A. and Wittle , K. J. 2004 . Enhanced reduction of Cr (VI) by direct electric field in a contaminated clay . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 38 : 1236 – 1241 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis , J. R. 2000 . Corrosion: Understanding the Basics , Materials Park, OH : ASM International .
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro , A. P. , Renaud , P. C. and Probstein , R. F. 1989 . Preliminary studies on the removal of chemical species from saturated porous media by electro-osmosis . Physicochem. Hydrodyn. , 11 ( 5/6 )
   Google Scholar
• Acar , Y. B. , Gale , R. J. , Putnam , G. , Hamed , J. and Wong , R. 1990 . Electrochemical processing of soils: Theory of pH gradient development by diffusion and linear convection . J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. , 25 ( 6 )
   Google Scholar
• Acar , Y. B. , Hamed , J. , Gale , R. J. and Putnam , G. 1991 . Acid/Base distributions in electro-osmosis . Transportation Research Record, TRB. , 1288 : 23 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Wittle , J. K. and Pamukcu , S. 1993 . Electrokinetic Treatment of Contaminated Soils, Sludges and Lagoons , 65 IL : Argonne National Laboratories . DOE/CH-9206, No. 02112406
   Google Scholar
• Ho , S. V. , Athmer , C. , Sheridan , P. W. , Hughes , B. M. , Orth , R. , McKenzie , D. , Brodskey , P. H. , Shapiro , A. M. , Thornton , R. , Salvo , J. , Schultz , D. , Landis , R. , Griffith , R. and Shoemaker , S. 1999 . The Lasagna technology for in situ soil remediation. 2. Large field test . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 33 ( 7 ) : 1092 – 1099 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamed , J. , Acar , Y. B. and Gale , R. J. 1991 . Pb(II) removal from kaolinite by electrokinetics . J. Geotech. Eng. Div. ASCE , 117 ( 2 ) : 241 – 271 .
   Google Scholar
• Hicks , E. E. and Tondorf , S. 1994 . Electrorestoration of metal contaminated soils . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 28 ( 12 ) : 2203 – 2210 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pamukcu , S. , Khan , L. and Fang , H. Y. 1990 . Zinc detoxification of soils by electro-osmosis . Transportation Research Record, TRB , 1289 : 41 – 46 .
   Google Scholar
• Pamukcu , S. , Weeks , A. and Wittle , J. K. 1997 . Electrochemical separation and stabilization of selected inorganic species in porous media . J. Hazar. Materi. , 55 : 305 – 318 .
   Google Scholar
• Pamukcu , S. and Wittle , J. K. 1993 . “ Chapter 13 Electrokinetically enhanced in situ soil decontamination ” . In Remediation of Hazardous Waste Contaminated Soils , Edited by: Wise and Trantolo . 245 – 298 . New York : Marcel Dekker, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Reddy , K. R. and Parupudi , U. S. 1997 . Removal of chromium, nickel, and cadmium from clays by in-situ electrokinetic remediation . J. Soil Contam. , 6 ( 4 ) : 391 – 407 .
   Google Scholar
• Pamukcu , S. , Filipova , I. and Wittle , J. K. The role of electro-osmosis in transporting PAH compounds in contaminated soils . Proc. of the Symp. on Electrochemical Technology Applied to Environmental Problems . Edited by: Brooman , W. and Fenton , J. M. pp. 252 – 266 . The Electrochemical Society . PV 95-12
   Google Scholar
• Pamukcu , S. 1994 . Electrokinetic Removal of Coal Tar Constituents From Contaminated Soils , 65 Electric Power Research Institute . EPRI TR-103320
   Google Scholar
• Yeung , A. T. , Hsu , C. N. and Menon , R. 1996 . EDTA-enhanced electrokinetic extraction of lead . J. of Geotechnical Engineering. ASCE, , 122 ( 8 ) : 666 – 673 .
   Google Scholar
• Franz , A. J. , Rucker , J. W. and Flora , J. R. V. 2002 . Electrolytic oxygen generation for subsurface delivery: effects of precipitation at the cathode and an assessment of side reactions . Water Res. , 36 : 2243 – 2254 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pulgarin , C. , Adler , N. , Peringer , P. and Comninellis , C. 1994 . Electrochemical detoxification of a 1,4-benzoquinone solution in wastewater treatment . Water Res. , 28 : 887 – 893 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grahame , D. C. 1951 . The role of the cation in the electrical double layer . J. Electrochem. Soc. , 98 : 343 – 350 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grahame , D. C. 1952 . Mathematical theory of the Faradaic admittance. I. Pseudocapacity and polarization resistance . J. Electrochem. Soc. , 99 : 370C – 385C .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee , S. , Horng , J. , Ferguson , J. F. and Nelson , P. O. 1987 . Field Scale Feasibility Study of Electrokinetic Remediation , 129 Cincinnati, OH : Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US EPA . CR811762-01
   Google Scholar
• Kortum , G. and Bockris , J. O. M. 1951 . Textbook of Electrochemistry , Vol.2 , Amsterdam : Elsevier Publ. Co .
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , J. H. 1981 . Zeta Potential in Colloidal Science Principles and Applications , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bard , A. J. and Faulkner , L. R. 1980 . Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Wang , C. B. and Zhang , W . 1997 . Synthesizing nanoscale iron particles for rapid and complete dechlorination of TCE and PCBs . Environ. Sci.Technolo. , 31 ( 7 ) : 2154 – 2156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott , D. W. and Zhang , W. 2001 . Field assessment of nanoscale bimetallic particles for groundwater treatment . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 35 : 4922 – 4926 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U. S. EPA . 1992 . SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Soild Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, , 3rd Edition , Washington, DC : Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response .
   Google Scholar
• Hannum , L. M. December 2006 . Aided Transport of Nano-Iron in Clay Soils Using Direct Electric Field , December , 216 Lehigh University . A Thesis Presented to the Graduate and Research Committee for the Degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering
   Google Scholar