19
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The lack of nephrotoxicity in the rat by sodium chlorite, a possible byproduct of chlorine dioxide disinfection in drinking water

, &
Pages 643-661 | Received 20 Jan 1984, Accepted 17 Feb 1984, Published online: 15 Dec 2008

References

  • Bellar , T.A. , Lichtenberg , J.J. and Kroner , J.C. 1974 . The occurrence of organohalides in chlorinated drinking water. . JAWWA. , 6 (12) : 703
  • Rook , J.J. 1974 . Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural waters. . Water Treatment and Examination. , 23 : 34 (Part 2)
  • Symons , J.M. , Bellar , T.A. , Carswell , J.K. , DeMarco , J. , Kropp , K.L. , Robeck , G.G. , Seeger , D.H. , Slocum , C.J. , Smith , B.L. and Stevens , A.A. 1975 . National organics reconnaissance survey for halogenated organics in drinking water. . JAWWA. , 67 : 634
  • Eschenbrenner , A.B. 1945 . Induction of hepatomas in. mice by repeated oral administration of chloroform, with observations on sex differences . J. Nat. Cancer Inst. , 5 : 251
  • National Cancer Institute . 1976 . Report on the carcinogenesis bioassay of chloroform , National Cancer Institute .
  • Stokinger , H.E. 1977 . Toxicology and drinking water contaminants . JAWWA. , 69 : 399 – 402 .
  • Simmon , J.J. 1977 . Mutagenic activity of chemicals identified in drinking water. Progress in Genetic Toxicology. , 258 New York : Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press .
  • Dolara , P. , Ricci , V. , Burrini , D. and Griffini , O. 1981 . Effect of ozonation and chlorination on the mutagenic potential of drinking water. . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 27 : 1 – 6 .
  • National Research Council . 1980 . Safe Drinking Water Committee. . Drinking Water and Health. , 3 : 5 – 12 .
  • Tuthill , R.W. and Moore , G.S. 1980 . Drinking water chlorination: a practice unrelated to cancer mortality . JAWWA. , 72 : 570 – 573 .
  • Stevens , H. , Seeger , D. and Slocum , C.J. 1976 . Products of chlorine dioxide treatment of organic materials in water . Presented at workshop on ozone/chlorine dioxide oxidation products of organic materials . Nov. 17–19 1976 , Cincinnati, Ohio. Water Supply Research Division, EPA .
  • Gordon , G. , Kieffer , R.G. and Rosenblatt , D.H. 1972 . The chemistry of chlorine dioxide. Progress in Inorganic Chemistry. , New York : Wiley Interscience .
  • U.S. EPA. 1976 . Ozone, chlorine dioxide, and chloramines as alternatives to chlorine for disinfection of drinking water. , Cincinnati, Ohio : U.S. EPA .
  • Miltner , R.J. 1976 . Measurement of chlorine dioxide and related products . Proceeding AWWA Quality Technology Conference . Dec. 6–7 1976 , San Diego. Denver : AWWA . Paper No. 2A‐S
  • Koransky , W. 1952 . Beitrag zur theorie der chlorat oxydation. Naunyn‐Schmiedelbergs . Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. , 215 : 483 – 491 .
  • Heubner , W. and Jung , F. 1941 . Zur theorie der chloratvergiftung . Schewei Med Wochenschr. , 71 : 247
  • Heubner , W. , Jung , F. and Koransky , W. 1957 . On the oxidation of hemoglobi'n with hypochlorite. . Arch. Exp. Pathol. Pharmakol. , 230 : 421 – 431 .
  • Heffernan , W.P. , Guion , G. and Bull , R.J. 1979 . Oxidative damage to the erythrocyte induced sodium chlorite . in vitro. Journ. Env. Path. Toxicol. , 2 : 1501 – 10 .
  • Richardson , A.P. 1937 . Toxic potentialities of continued administration of chlorate for blood and tissues. . J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , 59 : 101
  • Sheehan , B.J. , Pugh , D.M. and Winstanley , E.W. 1971 . Experimental sodium chlorate poisoning in dogs. . Res. Vet. Sci. , 12 : 387 – 389 .
  • Godron , S. and Brown , J.A.H. 1947 . Potassium chlorate poisoning. . The Lancet. , October 4 : 503
  • Davies , P. 1956 . Potassium chlorate poisoning with oliguria. . The Lancet. , May 5 : 612 – 613 .
  • Oliver , J.S. , Smith , H. and Watson , A.A. 1972 . Sodium chlorate poisoning. . J. Forens. Sci. Soc. , 12 : 445 – 448 .
  • Jackson , R.C. , Elder , W.J. and McDonnell , H. 1961 . Sodium chlorate poisoning complicated by acute renal failure . The Lancet. , 1 : 1381 – 1383 .
  • Timperman , J. and Maes , R. 1966 . Suicidal poisoning by sodium chlorate. . J. Forens. Med. , 13 : 123 – 129 .
  • Lee , D.B.N. 1970 . Haemotological complications of chlorate poisoning. . Br. Med. Journal. , 2 : 31 – 32 .
  • Connor , P.M. , Moore , G.S. and Calabrese , E.J. in press . The renal effects of chlorite in the drinking water of C57L/J male mice. . J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. ,
  • Dickes , S.E. 1970 . Mechanisms of Urine Concentration and Dilution in Mammals , 16 – 30 . London : Edward Arnold Ltd. .
  • Daniel , W.W. 1978 . Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences , 2nd Ed. , New York : John Wiley and Sons .
  • Raagsma , B.H. and Pound , A.W. 1979 . Mercuric chloride‐induced renal tubular necrosis in the rat. . Br. J. Exp. Path. , 60 : 341
  • Robbins , S.L. 1978 . Pathology , 991 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : W.B. Saunders, Co. .
  • Heffernan , W.P. , Guion , G. and Bull , R.J. 1979b . Oxidative damage to the erythrocyte induced by sodium chlorite, in vivo . Journ. Env. Path. Toxicol. , 2 : 1487 – 99 .
  • Sapirstein , L. , Brandt , W.L. and Drury , D.R. 1950 . The effect of sodium on the physiology of the rat. . Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , 73 : 82 – 85 .
  • Haller , J.F. and Northgraves , W.W. 1955 . Chlorine dioxide and safety. . TAPPI. , 38 (4) : 199 – 202 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.