Development of denitrifying granules in sequencing batch reactors

References

• Akunna , J. C. , Bizeau , C. and Moletta , R. 1992 . Denitrification in anaerobic digesters-possibilities and influence of waste-water COD/NOx ratio . Environ. Technol. , 13 ( 9 ) : 825 – 836 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lettinga , G. , Pol , L. W.H. , Koster , I. W. , Wiegant , W. M. , Dezeeuw , W. J. , Rinzema , A. , Grin , P. C. , Roersma , R. E. and Hobma , S. W. 1984 . High-rate anaerobic wastewater-treatment using the UASB reactor under a wide range of temperature conditions . Biotechnol. Genet. Eng. Rev. , 2 : 253 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , Y. and Tay , J. H. 2004 . State of the art of biogranulation technology for wastewater treatment . Biotech. Advances , 22 ( 7 ) : 533 – 563 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira , S. C. and von Sperling , M. 2009 . Performance evaluation of UASB reactor systems with and without post-treatment . Water Sci. Technol. , 59 ( 7 ) : 1299 – 1306 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt , J. E. and Ahring , B. K. 1996 . Granular sludge formation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors . Biotechnol. Bioeng. , 49 ( 3 ) : 229 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatti , Z. I. , Sumida , K. , Rouse , J. D. and Furukawa , K. 2001 . Characterization of denitrifying granular sludge treating soft groundwater in an upflow sludge-blanket reactor . J. Biosci. Bioeng. , 91 ( 4 ) : 373 – 377 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ting , W. H. and Huang , J. S. 2006 . Enhancement of denitrification in upflow sludge bed reactors with sludge wasting . J. Environ. Eng. , 132 ( 4 ) : 468 – 475 .
   Google Scholar
• Liu , H. and Fang , H. H.P. 2002 . Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of sludges . J. Biotechnol. , 95 ( 3 ) : 249 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adav , S. S. and Lee , D. J. 2008 . Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances from aerobic granule with compact interior structure . J. Hazard. Mater. , 154 ( 1–3 ) : 1120 – 1126 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry , O. H. , Rosebrough , N. J. , Farr , A. L. and Randall , R. J. 1951 . Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent . J. Biol. Chem. , 193 ( 1 ) : 265 – 275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubois , M. , Gilles , K. A. , Hamilton , J. K. , Rebers , P. A. and Smith , F. 1956 . Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances . Anal. Chem. , 28 ( 3 ) : 350 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia , X. S. , Fang , H. H.P. and Furumai , H. 1996 . Surface charge and extracellular polymer of sludge in the anaerobic degradation proc . Water Sci. Technol. , 34 ( 5–6 ) : 309 – 316 .
   Google Scholar
• Morgan , J. W. , Forster , C. F. and Evison , L. 1990 . A comparative study of the nature of biopolymers extracted from anaerobic and activated sludges . Water Res. , 24 ( 6 ) : 743 – 750 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan , J. W. and Forster , C. F. 1992 . A comparative-study of the sonication of anaerobic and activated sludges . J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. , 55 ( 1 ) : 53 – 58 .
   Google Scholar
• APHA . 1998 . Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. , Washington, DC : American Public Health Association .
   Google Scholar
• Lin , C. Y. , Chang , F. Y. and Chang , C. H. 2001 . Treatment of septage using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor . Water Environ. Res. , 73 ( 4 ) : 404 – 408 .
   Google Scholar
• Tay , J. H. , Yang , S. F. and Liu , Y. 2002 . Hydraulic selection pressure-induced nitrifying granulation in sequencing batch reactors . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 59 ( 2–3 ) : 332 – 337 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li , Y. and Liu , Y. 2005 . Diffusion of substrate and dissolved oxygen in aerobic granule . Biochem. Eng. J. , 27 : 45 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji , G. D. , Sun , T. H. , Ni , J. R. and Tong , J. J. 2009 . Anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for treating heavy oil produced water with high concentrations of salt and poor nutrient . Bioresour. Technol. , 100 ( 3 ) : 1108 – 1114 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qin , L. , Tay , J.-H. and Liu , Y. 2004 . Selection pressure is a driving force of aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors . Process Biochem. , 39 ( 5 ) : 579 – 584 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alphenaar , P. A. , Visser , A. and Lettinga , G. 1993 . The effect of liquid upward velocity and hydraulic retention time on granulation in UASB reactors treating waste-water with a high sulfate content . Bioresour. Technol. , 43 ( 3 ) : 249 – 258 .
   Google Scholar
• Oflaherty , V. , Lens , P. N.L. , deBeer , D. and Colleran , E. 1997 . Effect of feed composition and upflow velocity on aggregate characteristics in anaerobic upflow reactors . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 47 ( 2 ) : 102 – 107 .
   Google Scholar
• Sutherland , I. W. 2001 . Biofilm exopolysaccharides: a strong and sticky framework . Microbiol. , 147 : 3 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou , W. L. , Imai , T. , Ukita , M. , Sekine , M. and Higuchi , T. 2006 . Triggering forces for anaerobic granulation in UASB reactors . Process Biochem. , 41 ( 1 ) : 36 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlaeminck , S. E. , Terada , A. , Smets , B. F. , De Clippeleir , H. , Schaubroeck , T. , Bolca , S. , Demeestere , L. , Mast , J. , Boon , N. , Carballa , M. and Verstraete , W. 2010 . Aggregate Size and Architecture Determine Microbial Activity Balance for One-Stage Partial Nitritation and Anammox . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 76 ( 3 ) : 900 – 909 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flemming , H. C. and Wingender , J. 2001 . Relevance of microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) - Part I: Structural and ecological aspects . Water Sci. Technol. , 43 ( 6 ) : 1 – 8 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , L. L. , Feng , X. X. , Zhu , N. W. and Chen , J. M. 2007 . Role of extracellular protein in the formation and stability of aerobic granules . Enzyme Microb. Technol. , 41 ( 5 ) : 551 – 557 .
   Google Scholar
• McSwain , B. S. , Irvine , R. L. , Hausner , M. and Wilderer , P. A. 2005 . Composition and distribution of extracellular polymeric substances in aerobic flocs and granular sludge . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 71 ( 2 ) : 1051 – 1057 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang , B. and Liu , Y. 2010 . Energy uncoupling inhibits aerobic granulation . Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 85 : 589 – 595 .
   Google Scholar
• Franco , A. , Roca , E. and Lema , J. M. 2006 . Granulation in high-load denitrifying upflow sludge bed (USB) pulsed reactors . Water Res. , 40 ( 5 ) : 871 – 880 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batstone , D. J. and Keller , J. 2001 . Variation of bulk properties of anaerobic granules with wastewater type . Water Res. , 35 ( 7 ) : 1723 – 1729 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quarmby , J. and Forster , C. F. 1995 . A comparative-study of the structure of thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic granules . Enzyme Microb. Technol. , 17 ( 6 ) : 493 – 498 .
   Google Scholar
• Dickson , J. S. and Koohmaraie , M. 1989 . Cell-surface charge characteristics and their relationship to bacterial attachment to meat surfaces . Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , 55 ( 4 ) : 832 – 836 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liao , B. Q. , Allen , D. G. , Droppo , I. G. , Leppard , G. G. and Liss , S. N. 2001 . Surface properties of sludge and their role in bioflocculation and settleability . Water Res. , 35 ( 2 ) : 339 – 350 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , Y.-Q. , Moy , B.Y.-P. and Tay , J.-H. 2007 . COD removal and nitrification of low-strength domestic wastewater in aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors . Enzyme Microb. Technol. , 42 ( 1 ) : 23 – 28 .
   Google Scholar