References
- South America Biodiesel Program . Prepared by The National Biodiesel Board 1907 Williams Street 65110 – 4898 . Jefferson City, MO Suite B, PO Box 104898
- Leff , B. , Ramankutty , N. and Foley , J. A. 2004 . Geographic distribution of major crops across the world. Global Biogeochem . Cycles , 18 ( 28 ) : 1 – 27 .
- Klein , G. K. 2001 . Estimating global land use change over the past 300 years. The HYDE Database, Global Biogeochem . Cycles , 15 ( 2 ) : 417 – 433 .
- Ramankutty , N. and Foley , J. 1998 . Characterizing patterns of global land use: An analysis of global croplands data. Global Biogeochem . Cycles , 12 ( 4 ) : 667 – 685 .
- Turner , B. L. II. , Moss , R. H. and Skole , D. L. 1993 . Relating land use and global land cover change: A proposal for an IGBP-HDP Core Project, IGBP Report 24, HDP Report 5, Int , Stockholm : Geosphere-Biosphere Programme .
- FAO . 2000, 2010 . Land use database- country . notes http://faostat.fao.org/site/377/default.aspx#ancor (Accessed January 19, 2011
- Hellmann , F. and Verburg , P. H. 2008 . Spatially explicit modelling of biofuel crops in Europe . ScienceDirect , http://www.elsevier.com/locate/biombioe; doi:10.1016/ j.biombioe. 2008.09.003 (accessed January 19, 2011)
- Urbanchuk , J. M. 2008 . Impact of ethanol on world oil demand and prices . http://www.greenfuels.org/uploads/documents/10_urbanchuk_lecg-world-oil-price-impact.pdf
- Licht , F. O. 2008 . Licht's World Ethanol & Biofuels Report . 6 ( 17 ) May 8. http://www.agra-net.com/portal2/puboptions.jsp?Option = archive&pubid = ag072 (accessed January 19, 2011)
- Commodities Now . Global ethanol production . http://www.commodities-now.com/news/environmental-markets/2099-global-ethanol-production-to-reach-859-bn-litres-in-2010.html. (Accessed June 16, 2010)
- Shapouri , H. and Salassi , M. “ The economic feasibility of ethanol production from sugar in the United States, USDA Report ” . Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Louisiana State University (LSU) . July 2006. (Report was done through a cooperative agreement between the Office of Energy Policy and New Uses (OEPNU), Office of the Chief Economist (OCE), U.S
- Bush , G. Bush delivers speech on renewable fuel sources . washingtonpost.com. 25 April 2006. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/25/AR2006042500762.html. (Accessed October 2009)
- Dano , E. C. 2009 . Biofuels: False solution, disastrous consequences . Women in Action , 113 ( 1 ) : 112 – 120 .
- Pimentel , D. and Patzek , T. W. 2005 . Ethanol production using corn, switchgrass, and wood; Biodiesel production using soybean and sunflower . Natural Resour. Res. , 14 ( 1 ) : 65 – 76 .
- WHO . 1998 . IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans . 44 : 1 – 8 . http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol44/volume44.pdf. (Accessed January 19, 2011)
- Brown , L. R. 2007-06-13 . “Biofuels Blunder: Massive Diversion of U.S. Grain to Fuel Cars is Raising World Food Prices, Risking Political Instability” . Testimony before U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works , http://www.earth-policy.org/Transcripts/SenateEPW07.htm. (Accessed January 19, 2011)
- Brown , L. R. Corn Farmers Smile as Ethanol Prices Rise, but Experts on Food Supplies Worry , Edited by: Wald , M. L. New York Times . 16 January 2006. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/16/national/16ethanol.html?_r=2. (Accessed January 19, 2011)
- Pimentel , D. , Marklein , A. , Toth , M. A. , Karpoff , M. N. , Paul , G. S. , McCormack , R. , Kyriazis , J. and Krueger , T. 2009 . Food versus biofuels: Environmental and economic costs . Human Ecol. Interdisc. J. , 37 ( 1 ) : 1 – 12 .
- Jacobson , M. Z. 2007 . Effects of Ethanol (E85) Versus Gasoline Vehicles on Cancer and Mortality in the United States . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 41 ( 11 ) : 4150 – 4157 .
- EPA . 1994 . Chemical summary for acetaldehyde. United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA749-F-94-003a . http://www.epa.gov/chemfact/s_acetal.txt. (Accessed January 28, 2011)
- Renewable fuels association press release . 2008, November 12 . Understanding land use change and U.S. ethanol expansion . http://www.ethanolrfa.org/pages/press-releases-2008-archive. (accessed January 28, 2011)
- Brown , J. F. , Loveland , T. R. , Merchant , J. W. , Reed , B. C. and Ohlen , D. O. 1993 . Using multisource data in global land cover characterization: concepts, requirements, and methods, Photogramm . Eng. Remote Sens. , 59 ( 9 ) : 977 – 987 .
- Janzen , H. H. 2004 . Carbon cycle in earth systems—A soil science perspective . Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. , 104 ( 3 ) : 399 – 417 .
- Pacala , S. and Socolow , R. 2004 . Stabilization wedges: solving the climate problem for the next 50 years with current technologies . Science , 305 ( 5686 ) : 968 – 972 .
- Varvel , G. E. and Wilhelm , W. W. 2008 . Soil carbon levels in irrigated western corn belt rotations . Agron. J. , 100 ( 4 ) : 1180 – 1184 .
- De La Torre Ugarte , D. G. , Walsh , M. E. , Shapouri , H. and Slinsky , S. P. 2003 . The Economic Impacts of Bioenergy Crop Production on U.S. Agriculture , USDA, Office of the Chief Economist, Office of Energy Policy and New Uses, Agricultural Economic Report . No. 816
- Follett , R. F. , Varvel , G. E. , Kimble , J. M. and Vogel , K. P. 2009 . No-till corn after bromegrass: Effect on soil carbon and soil aggregates . Agron J. , 101 : 261 – 268 .
- Pineiro , G. , Jobbágy , E. G. , Baker , J. , Murray , B. C. and Jackson , R. B. 2009 . Set-asides can be better climate investment than corn ethanol . Ecol. Applic. , 19 ( 2 ) : 277 – 282 .
- Groom , M. J. , Gray , E. M. and Townsend , P. A. 2008 . Biofuels and biodiversity: Principles for creating better policies for biofuel production . Conserv. Biol. , 22 ( 3 ) : 602 – 609 .
- Davis , S. C. , Anderson-Teixeira , K. J. and DeLucia , E. H. 2009 . Life-cycle analysis and the ecology of biofuels . Trends Plant Sci. , 14 ( 3 ) : 140 – 146 .
- Wijffels , R. H. and Barbosa , M. J. 2010 . An outlook on microalgal biofuels . Science , 329 ( 5993 ) : 796 – 799 .
- Sommerville , C. , Youngs , H. , Taylor , C. , Davis , S. C. and Long , S. P. 2010 . Feedstocks for lignocellulosic biofuels . Science , 329 ( 5993 ) : 790 – 792 .
- Tong , C. W. , Zainon , M. Z. , Poh , S. C. , Abdullah , N. , Soo , C. K. , Wee , S. K. and Pan , K. C. 2010 . Innovative power-augmentation-guide-vane design of wind-solar hybrid renewable energy harvester for urban high rise application . AIP Conference Proceedings , 1225 ( 1 ) : 507 – 521 .
- Geist , H. J. and Lambin , E. F. 2002 . Proximate causes and underlying driving forces of tropical deforestation . Bioscience , 52 ( 2 ) : 143 – 150 .
- Barbier , E. B. 2001 . The economics of tropical deforestation and land use: An introduction to the special issue . Land Econ. , 77 ( 2 ) : 155 – 171 .
- Bhattarai , K. , Conway , D. and Yousef , M. 2009 . Determinants of deforestation in Nepal's Central Development Region. . J. Environ. Mgmt. , 91 ( 2 ) : 471 – 488 .
- Hatch , U. , Paudel , K. , Jagtap , S. , Jones , J. and Lamb , M. 2000 . Sensitivity of agriculture to rising temperature in the southeast U.S . World Resour. Rev. , 12 : 702 – 716 .
- Doll , P. and Siebert , S. 2002 . Global modeling of irrigation water requirements . Water Resour. Res. , 38 ( 4 ) : 8.1 – 8.10 .
- FAO . 1997 . Irrigation potential in Africa: a basin approach . Land Water Bull. , : 4 http://www.fao.org/docrep/W4347E/W4347E00.htm (accessed January 29, 2011)
- Seckler , D. , Upali , A. , Molden , D. , Radhika , S. and Barker , R. 1998 . World water demand supply 1990 to 2025: scenarios and issues . Res. Rep. , : 19 http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/IWMI_Research_Reports/PDF/PUB019/REPORT19.PDF. (accessed January 29, 2011)
- King , C. W. and Webber , M. E. 2008 . The water intensity of transportation . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 42 ( 21 ) : 7866 – 7872 .
- Robertson , G. P , Dale , V. H. , Doering , O. C. , Hamburg , S. P. , Melillo , J. M. , Wander , M. M. , Parton , W. J. , Adler , P. R. , Barney , J. N. , Cruse , R. M. , Duke , C. S. , Fearnside , P. M. , Follett , R. F. , Gibbs , H. K. , Goldemberg , J. , Mladenoff , D. J. , Ojima , D. , Palmer , M. W. , Sharpley , A. , Wallace , L. , Weathers , K. C. , Wiens , J. A. and Wilhelm , W. W. 2008 . Sustainable biofuel redux . Science , 322 ( 5998 ) : 49 – 50 .
- Schmer , M. R. , Vogel , K. P. , Mitchell , R. B. and Perrin , R. K. 2008 . Net energy of cellulosic ethanol from switchgrass . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 105 ( 2 ) : 464 – 469 .
- Tilman , D. , Reich , P. B. and Knops , J. M.H. 2006 . Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a decade-long grassland experiment . Nature , 441 ( 7093 ) : 629 – 632 . Tilman, D.; Hill, J.; Lehman, C. Carbon-negative biofuels from low input high diversity grassland biomass. Science, 2006, 314 (5805), 1598–1600
- Yacobucci , B. D. 2008 . Fuel ethanol: Background and public policy issues. CRS Report for Congress RL33290 . : 11 – 12 . http://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/assets/crs/RL33290.pdf (accessed January 29, 2011)
- Hill , J. , Nelson , E. , Tilman , D. , Polasky , S. and Tiffany , D. 2006 . Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 103 ( 30 ) : 11206 – 11210 .
- Phillips , S. , Aden , A. , Jechura , J. , Dayton , D. and Eggeman , T. 2007 . Thermochemical ethanol via indirect gasification and mixed alcohol synthesis of lignocellulosic biomass . National Renewable Energy Laboratory , : 57 Technical Report NREL/TP-510-41168 http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy07osti/41168.pdf. (accessed February 3, 2011)
- Kammen , D. 2010 . Renewable energy: The challenge at hand is to reduce the wrong incentives , The World Bank . http://blogs.worldbank.org/climatechange/node/746. (accessed January 29, 2011)
- FAO . Food and Agricultural Organization , FAOSTAT . http://faostat.fao.org/ (Accessed June 16, 2010)
- NOAA . 2010 . Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide , NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory . http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/. (Accessed January 19, 2011)
- EPA . Carbon Dioxide as a Fire Suppressant: Examining the Risks, Environmental Protection , United States Environmental Protection Agency . EPA430-R-00-002, 2000, http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/fire/co2/co2report.pdf (Accessed November 2010)
- The World Bank . How we classify countries 2010 http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications
- WRI World Resources Institute . Publications: Climate, Energy & Transport http://www.wri.org/publications/climate; Energy, Security, Climate, http://www.wri.org/project/energy-security-climate-change; Forestry, http://www.wri.org/topics/forestry. (Accessed November, 2010)
- Epplin , F. M. , Clark , C. D. , Roberts , R. K. and Hwang , S. 2007 . Challenges to the development of a dedicated energy crop . Amer. J. of Agricultural Economics , 89 : 1296 – 1302 .
- Johnston , M. , Foley , J. A. , Holloway , T. , Kucharik , C. and Monfreda , C. 2009 . Resetting global expectations from agricultural biofuels . Environ Res Lett. , 4 ( 1 ) : 1 – 9 .
- Pandey , A. , ed. 2009 . Handbook of Plant-Based Biofuels , 293 Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis .
- Lichts , F. O. 2008 . World Ethanol & Biofuels Report 7 (5) November. (accessed June 16, 2010)