Fly ash-brine interactions: Removal of major and trace elements from brine

References

• American Coal Ash Association . website: http://www.acaa-usa.org, 1998 (accessed 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Duchesne , J. and Reardon , E. J. 1999 . Lime treatment of fly ash; characterization of leachate composition and solid/water reactions . Waste Mgmt. , 19 : 221 – 231 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ESKOM Annual Report (2007) . http://www.eskom.co.za/annreport07/annreport07/ (accessed 2009)
   Google Scholar
• Petrik , L. , White , R. , Klink , M. , Somerset , V. , Key , D. L. , Iwuoha , E. , Burgers , C. and Fey , M. V. Utilization of Fly Ash for Acid Mine Drainage Remediation, 2005 South Africa WRC Report No. 1242/1/05
   Google Scholar
• Turek , M. 2004 . Electrodialytic desalination and concentration of coal-mine brine . Desalination , 162 : 355 – 359 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mooketsi , I. O. , Ginster , M. , Matjie , H. R. and Riedel , J. K. Leachate characteristics of ash residues from a laboratory-scale brine encapsulated simulation process , Kentucky, , USA : World of Coal Ash (WOCA), 2007 Covington .
   Google Scholar
• Gitari , W. M. , Fatoba , O. O. , Petrik , L. F. and Vadapalli , V. R.K. 2009 . Leaching characteristics of selected South African fly ashes: Effect of pH on the release of major and trace species . J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. A , 44 ( 2 ) : 206 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Praharaj , T. , Powell , M. A. , Hart , B. R. and Tripathy , S. 2002 . Leachability of elements from sub-bituminous coal fly ash from India . Environ. Inter. , 27 : 609 – 615 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , A. G. 2006 . The effect of alkalinity of Class F PC fly ash on metal release . Fuel , 85 : 1403 – 1410 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jankowski , J. , Ward , C. R. , French , D. and Groves , S. 2006 . Mobility of trace elements from selected Australian fly ashes and its potential impact on aquatic ecosystems . Fuel , 85 : 243 – 256 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassett , D. J. , Pflughoeft-Hassett , D. F. and Heebink , L. V. 2005 . Leaching of CCBs: observations from over 25 years of research . Fuel , 84 : 1378 – 1383 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul , M. , Seferinoğlu , M. , Aycık , G. A. , Sandstrom , A. V. , Smith , M. L. and Paul , J. 2006 . Acid leaching of ash and coal: time dependence and trace element occurrences . Inter. J. Miner. Proc. , 79 : 27 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Querol , X. , Juan , R. , Lopez-Soler , A. , Fernandez-Turiel , J. L. and Ruiz , C. R. 1996 . Mobility of trace elements from coal and combustion wastes . Fuel , 75 : 821 – 838 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Querol , X. , Umaňa , J. C. , Alastuey , A. , Ayora , C. , Lopez-Soler , A. and Plana , F. 2001 . Extraction of soluble major and trace elements from fly ash in open and closed leaching systems . Fuel , 80 : 801 – 813 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seferinoglu , M. , Paul , M. , Sandstrom , A. , Koker , A. , Toprak , S. and Paul , J. 2003 . Acid leaching of coal and coal-ashes . Fuel , 82 : 1721 – 1734 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohki , A. , Nakajima , T. , Yamashita , H. , Iwashita , A. and Takanashi , H. 2004 . Leaching of various metals from coal into aqueous solutions containing an acid or a chelating agent . Fuel Proc. Technol. , 85 : 1089 – 1102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ugurlu , A. 2004 . Leaching characteristics of fly ash . Environ. Geol. , 46 ( 6–7 ) : 890 – 895 .
   Google Scholar
• Querol , X. , Moreno , N. , Alastuey , A. , Juan , R. , Andrés , J. M. , López-soler , A. , Ayora , C. , Medinaceli , A. and Valero , A. 2007 . Synthesis of high ion exchange zeolites from fly ash . Geol. Acta , 5 ( 1 ) : 49 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gitari , M. W. , Petrik , L. F. , Etchebers , O. , Key , D. L. , Iwuoha , E. and Okujeni , C. 2006 . Treatment of acid mine drainage with fly ash: removal of major contaminants and trace elements . J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. A , 41 ( 8 ) : 1729 – 1747 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumpiene , J. , Lagerkvist , A. and Maurice , C. 2007 . Stabilization of Pb- and Cu-contaminated soil using coal fly ash and peat . Environ. Poll. , 145 : 365 – 373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yunusa , I. A.M. , Eamus , D. , DeSilva , D. L. , Murray , B. R. , Burchett , M. D. , Skilbeck , G. C. and Heidrich , C. 2006 . Fly-ash: An exploitable resource for management of Australian agricultural soils . Fuel , 85 : 2337 – 2344 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yılmaz , B. and Olgun , A. 2008 . Studies on cement and mortar containing low-calcium fly ash, limestone, and dolomitic limestone . Cem. Concr. Res. , 30 : 194 – 201 .
   Google Scholar
• Lee , C. Y. , Lee , H. K. and Lee , K. M. 2003 . Strength and microstructural characteristics of chemically activated fly ash-cement systems . Cem. Concr. Res. , 33 : 425 – 431 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institut fur Normung, “DIN 38414 S4 . 1984 . German Standard Procedure for Water, Wastewater, and Sediment Testing-Group S (Sludge and Sediment) , Berlin, , Germany : Determination of Leachability (S4),” .
   Google Scholar
• American Society for Testing and Materials . 1988 . Standard specification for fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use as a mineral admixture in Portland cement concrete. ASTM C618-88. Philadelphia, PA
   Google Scholar
• Fatoba , O. O. Chemical compositions and leaching behaviour of some South African fly ashes , South Africa : University of the Western Cape . Unpublished MSc Thesis (2008)
   Google Scholar
• Choi , S.-K. , Lee , S. , Song , Y.-K. and Moon , H.-S. 2002 . Leaching characteristics of selected Korean fly ashes and its implications for the groundwater composition near the ash disposal mound . Fuel , 81 : 1083 – 1090 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reardon , E. J. , Czank , C. A. , Warren , C. J. , Dayal , R. and Johnston , H. M. 1995 . Determining controls on element concentrations in fly ash leachate . Waste Mgmt. Res. , 13 : 435 – 450 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong , J. W.C. , Fang , M. , Li , G. X. and Wong , M. H. 1997 . Feasibility of co-composting coal ash residues with sewage sludge . Environ. Technol. , 18 : 563 – 568 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soong , Y. , Fauth , D. L. , Howard , B. H. , Jones , J. R. , Harrison , D. K. , Goodman , A. L. , Gray , M. L. and Frommell , E. A. 2006 . CO2 sequestration with brine solution and fly ashes . Energy Conv. Mgmt. , 47 : 1676 – 1685 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirby , C. S. and Rimstidt , J. D. 1994 . Interaction of municipal solid waste ash with water . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 28 ( 3 ) : 443 – 451 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adriano , D. C. , Page , A. L. , Elseewi , A. A. , Chang , A. C. and Straughan , I. 1980 . Utilization and disposal of fly ash and other coal residues in terrestrial ecosystems: A review . J. Environ. Qual. , 9 : 333 – 344 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenari , B.-M. , Schelauder , S. and Lindqvist , O. 1999 . Chemical and leaching characteristics of ash from combustion of coal, peat and wood in a 12MW CFB – A comparative study . Fuel , 78 : 249 – 258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Sloot , H. A. , Heasman , L. and Quevauviller , P. 1997 . Harmonization of leaching/extraction tests . 70 : 75 – 99 . Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
   Google Scholar
• Chandler , A. J. , Eighmy , T. T. , Hartlén , J. , Hjelmar , O. , Kosson , D. S. , Sawell , S. E. and Vehlow , J. 1997 . Municipal solid waste incinerator residues . Stud. Environ. Sci. , 67 : 974 – 981 .
   Google Scholar
• Iwashita , A. , Sakaguchi , Y. , Nakajima , T. , Takanashi , H. , Ohki , A. and Kambara , S. 2005 . Leaching characteristics of boron and selenium for various coal fly ashes . Fuel , 84 : 479 – 485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassett , R. P. 1994 . Digestive enzyme activity is present in mature copepods despite the absence of the corresponding substrates in the diet during development . J. Plank. Res. , 16 ( 4 ) : 413 – 420 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollis , J. F. , Keren , R. and Fal , M. 1988 . Boron release and sorption by fly ash as affected by pH and particle size . J. Environ. Qual. , 17 : 181 – 184 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drever , I. J. 1997 . The Geochemistry of Natural Waters: Surface and Groundwater Environments , 3rd Edition , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Astrup , T. , Mosbaek , H. and Christensen , T. H. 2006 . Assessment of long-term leaching from waste incineration air-pollution-control residues . Waste Mgmt. , 26 ( 8 ) : 803 – 814 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliot , H. A. and Denneny , C. M. 1982 . Soil adsorption of calcium from solution containing organic ligands . J. Environ Qual. , 11 : 658 – 663 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho , H. , Oh , D. and Kim , K. 2005 . A study on removal characteristics of heavy metals from aqueous solution by fly ash . J. Hazard. Mater. , B127 : 187 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , M.-K. and Saunders , J. A. 2003 . Effects of pH on metals precipitation and sorption: Field bioremediation and geochemical modeling approaches . Vadose Zone J. , 2 : 177 – 185 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alinnor , I. J. 2007 . Adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by fly ash . Fuel , 86 : 853 – 857 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shim , Y. S. , Kim , Y. K. , Kong , S. H. , Rhee , S. W. and Lee , W. K. 2003 . The adsorption characteristics of heavy metals by various particle sizes of MSWI bottom ash . Waste Mgmt. , 23 : 851 – 857 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goh , K.-H. and Lim , T.-T. 2004 . Geochemistry of inorganic arsenic and selenium in a tropical soil: effect of reaction time, pH, and competitive anions on arsenic and selenium adsorption . Chemosphere , 55 : 849 – 859 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smedley , P. L. and Kinniburgh , D. G. 2002 . A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters . Appl. Geochem. , 17 : 517 – 568 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appelo , C. A.J. and Postma , D. 1994 . Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution , Rotterdam : A.A. Balkema .
   Google Scholar
• Hyks , J. , Astrup , T. and Christensen , H. 2009 . Long-term leaching from MSWI air-pollution-control residues: Leaching characterization and modelling . J. Hazard. Mater. , 162 : 80 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar