Comparison of UV and UV/H₂O₂ treatments using excilamps for removal of monochlorophenols in the molecular and anionic form

References

• US Environmental Protection Agency . 2012 . Priority Pollutants & 307(a) Toxic Pollutants . www.epa.gov/waterscience/methods/pollutants.htm (accessed Feb
   Google Scholar
• Euro Chlor and Risk Assessment for the Marine Environment OSPARCOM Region – North Sea . 2002 . Monochlorophenols . www.eurochlor.org/media (accessed Feb 2012)
   Google Scholar
• Czaplicka , M. 2004 . Sources and transformations of chlorophenols in the natural environment . Sci. Tot. Environ. , 322 : 21 – 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 1989 . Chlorophenols other than pentachlorophenol . Environmental Health Criteria , 93 World Health Organization, Geneva. www.inchem.org (accessed Feb 2012)
   Google Scholar
• Doong , R.-An. , Chen , C. H. , Maithreepala , R. A. and Chang , S. M. 2001 . The influence of pH and cadmium sulphide on the photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol in titanium dioxide suspensions . Water Res. , 35 ( 12 ) : 2873 – 2880 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pera-Titus , M. , García-Molina , V. , Baños , M. A. , Giménez , J. and Esplugas , S. 2004 . Degradation of chlorophenols by means of advanced oxidation processes: a general review . Appl. Catal. B , 47 : 219 – 256 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czaplicka , M. 2006 . Photo-degradation of chlorophenols in the aqueous solution . J. Hazard. Mater. B , 134 : 45 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayne , S. , Forest , K. and Friesen , K. J. 2009 . Mechanistic aspects regarding the direct aqueous environmental photochemistry of phenol and its simple halogenated derivatives . A review. Environ. Int. , 35 : 425 – 437 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sosnin , E. A. , Oppenländer , T. and Tarasenko , V. F. 2006 . Applications of capacitive and barrier discharge excilamps in photoscience . J. Photochem. Photobiol. C , 7 : 145 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppenländer , T. 2007 . Mercury-free sources of VUV-UV radiation: application of modern excimer lamps (excilamps) for water and air treatment . J. Environ. Eng. Sci. , 6 : 253 – 264 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez , M. , Murcia , M. D. , Christofi , N. , Gómez , E. and Gómez , J. L. 2010 . Photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol using XeBr, KrCl and Cl2 barrier-discharge excilamps: A comparative study . Chem. Eng. J. , 158 : 120 – 128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matafonova , G. , Christofi , N. , Batoev , V. and Sosnin , E. 2008 . Degradation of chlorophenols in aqueous media using UV XeBr excilamp in a flow-through reactor . Chemosphere , 70 : 1124 – 1127 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez , M. , Murcia , M. D. , Gómez , J. L. , Matafonova , G. , Batoev , V. and Christofi , N. 2010 . Testing a KrCl excilamp as new enhanced UV source for 4-chlorophenol degradation: Experimental results and kinetic model . Chem. Eng. Process. , 49 : 113 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez , M. , Matafonova , G. , Gómez , J. L. , Batoev , V. and Christofi , N. 2009 . Comparison of alternative treatments for 4-chlorophenol removal from aqueous solutions: Use of free and immobilized soybean peroxidase and KrCl e xcilamp . J. Hazard. Mater. , 169 : 46 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokolova , T. V. , Chaikovskaya , O. N. , Sosnin , E. A. and Sokolova , I. V. 2006 . Photoconversion of 2-methylphenol, 4-methylphenol, and 2-amino-4-methylphenol in water . J. Appl. Spectr. , 73 ( 5 ) : 632 – 639 .
   Google Scholar
• Tchaikovskaya , O. N. , Karetnikova , E. A. , Sokolova , I. V. , Mayer , G. V. and Shvornev , D. A. 2012 . The phototransformation of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid under KrCl and XeBr excilamps irradiation in water . J. Photochem. Photobiol. A , 228 : 8 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pikulev , A. A. and Tsvetkov , V. M. 2010 . Photodecomposition of hexachlorobiphenyl by radiation of a KrCl (222 nm) barrier-discharge excilamp . Tech. Phys. Letters , 36 ( 1 ) : 43 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez , M. , Murcia , M. D. , Gómez , E. , Gómez , J. L. , Dams , R. and Christofi , N. 2010 . Enhancement of 4-chlorophenol photodegradation with KrCl excimer UV lamp by adding hydrogen peroxide . Separ. Sci. Technol. , 45 : 1603 – 1609 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez , M. , Murcia , M. D. , Gómez , E. , Gómez , J. L. and Christofi , N. 2011 . Degradation of phenolic pollutants using KrCl and XeBr excilamps in the presence of dye: A comparative study . Desalination , 274 : 156 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murcia , M. D. , Gomez , M. , Gomez , E. , Gomez , J. L. and Christofi , N. 2011 . Photodegradation of congo red using XeBr, KrCl and Cl2 barrier discharge excilamps: A kinetics study . Desalination , 281 : 364 – 371 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez , M. , Murcia , M. D. , Gómez , J. L. , Gómez , E. , Maximo , M. F. and Garcia , A. 2012 . A KrCl exciplex flow-through photoreactor for degrading 4-chlorophenol: Experimental and modelling . Appl. Catal. B , 117–118 : 194 – 203 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murcia , M. D. , Gómez , M. , Gómez , E. , Gómez , J. L. , Hidalgo , A. M. and Christofi , N. 2012 . A new substrate and by-product kinetic model for the photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol with KrCl exciplex UV lamp and hydrogen peroxide . Chem. Eng. J. , 187 : 36 – 44 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matafonova , G. , Philippova , N. and Batoev , V. 2011 . The effect of wavelength and pH on the direct photolysis of chlorophenols by ultraviolet excilamps . Eng. Letters , 19 ( 1 ) : 20 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg , A. E. , Clesceri , L. S. and Eaton , A. D. 1992 . Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater , Washington , DC : APHA AWWA WEF .
   Google Scholar
• Gómez , J. L. , Bodalo , A. , Gómez , E. , Bastida , J. , Hidalgo , A. M. and Gómez , M. 2006 . Immobilization of peroxidases on glass beads: An improved alternative for phenol removal . Enz. Microb. Technol. , 39 : 1016 – 1022 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graf , E. and Penniston , J. T. 1980 . Method for determination of hydrogen peroxide, with its application illustrated by glucose assay . Clin. Chem. , 26/5 : 658 – 660 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2004 . Method for determination of chemical oxygen demand in water and wastewater . PND F 14.1:2.100–97, Moscow, in Russian
   Google Scholar
• Cho , M. , Chung , H. , Choi , W. and Yoon , J. 2004 . Linear correlation between inactivation of E. coli and OH radical concentration in TiO2 photocatalytic disinfection . Water Res. , 38 : 1069 – 1077 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mamane , H. , Shemer , H. and Linden , K. G. 2007 . Inactivation of E. coli, B. subtilis spores, and MS2, T4, and T7 phage using UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation . J. Hazard. Mater. , 146 : 479 – 486 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elovitz , M. and von Gunten , U. 1999 . Hydroxyl radical/ozone ratios during the ozonation processes. I. The Rct Concept . Ozone Sci. Eng. , 221 : 239 – 260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çatalkaya , E. Ç. , Bali , U. and Sengül , F. 2003 . Photochemical degradation and mineralization of 4-chlorophenol . Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. , 10 ( 2 ) : 113 – 120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenfeldt , E. J. , Linden , K. G. , Canonica , S. and von Gunten , U. 2006 . Comparison of the efficiency of OH radical formation during ozonation and the advanced oxidation processes O3/H2O2 and UV/H2O2 . Water Res. , 40 : 3695 – 3704 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan , F. , Hu , C. , Hu , X. , Qu , J. and Yang , M. 2009 . Degradation of selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous solution with UV and UV/H2O2 . Water Res. , 43 : 1766 – 1774 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsoyiannis , I. A. , Canonica , S. and von Gunten , U. 2011 . Efficiency and energy requirements for the transformation of organic micropollutants by ozone, O3/H2O2 and UV/H2O2 . Water Res. , 45 : 3811 – 3822 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jo , C. H. , Dietrich , A. M. and Tanko , J. M. 2011 . Simultaneous degradation of disinfection byproducts and earthy-musty odorants by the UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process . Water Res. , 45 : 2507 – 2516 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirvonen , A. , Trapido , M. , Hentunen , J. and Tarhanen , J. 2000 . Formation of hydroxylated and dimeric intermediates during oxidation of chlorinated phenols in aqueous solution . Chemosphere , 41 : 1211 – 1218 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen , Y-Sh. , Ku , Y. and Lee , K-Ch. 1995 . The effect of light absorbance on the decomposition of chlorophenols by ultraviolet radiation and U.V./H2O2 processes . Water Res. , 29 ( 3 ) : 907 – 914 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benitez , F. J. , Beltran-Heredia , J. , Acero , J. L. and Rubio , F. J. 2000 . Contribution of free radicals to chlorophenols decomposition by several advanced oxidation processes . Chemosphere , 41 : 1271 – 1277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benitez , F. J. , Beltran-Heredia , J. , Acero , J. L. and Rubio , F. J. 2001 . Oxidation of several chlorophenolic derivatives by UV irradiation and hydroxyl radicals . J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. , 76 : 312 – 320 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar