References
- Basta, N.T. Examples and case studies of beneficial reuse of municipal by-products. In Land Application of Agricultural, Industrial, and Municipal By-Products; Power, J.F; Dick, W.A., Eds.; Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI, 2000; 481–504.
- McGrath, S.P.; Chang, A.C.; Page, A.L.; Witter, E. Land application of sewage sludge: Scientific perspectives of heavy metal loading limits in Europe and United States. Environ. Rev. 1994, 2, 108–118.
- Chaney, R.L.; Giordana, P.M. Microelements as related to plant deficiencies and toxicities. In Soils for Management of Organic Wastes and Wastewaters; Elliot, L.F.; Stevenson, F.J.; Eds.; Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI, 1976; 234–279.
- Mahler, R.J.; Bingham, F.T.; Sposito, G.; Page, A.L. Cadmium-enriched sewage sludge application to acid and calcareous soils: relation between treatment, Cd in saturation extracts, and Cd treatment. J. Environ. Qual. 1980, 9, 359–364.
- Sims, J.T.; Kline, J.S. Chemical fractionation and plant uptake of heavy metals in soils amended with co-composted sewage sludge. J. Environ. Qual. 1991, 20, 387–395.
- He, M.; Tian, G.; Liang, X.; Yu, Y.; WU, J.; Zhou, G. Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in soil. J. Environ. Sci. 2007, 19, 1482–1490.
- Shober, A.L.; Stehouwer, R.C.; MacNeal, K.E. Chemical fractionation of trace elements in biosolid-amended soils and correlation with trace elements in crop tissue. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 2007, 38, 1029–1046.
- McBride, M.B. Toxic metal accumulation from agricultural use of sludge: Are USEPA regulations protective? J. Environ. Qual. 1995, 24, 5–18.
- Ma, L.Q.; Rao, G.D. Chemical fractionation of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc in contaminated soils. J. Environ. Qual. 1997, 26, 259–264.
- Shuman, L.M. Fractionation method for soil microelements. Soil Sci. 1985, 140, 11–22.
- Shuman, L.M. Organic waste amendments effect on zinc fractionation of two soils. J. Environ. Qual. 1999, 28, 1442–1447.
- Sposito, G.; Lund, L.J.; Chang, A.C. Trace metal chemistry in arid-zone field soils amended with sewage sludge: I. Fractionation of Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in solid phases. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1982, 46, 260–264.
- Sposito, G.; LeVesque, C.S.; LeClaire, J. P.; Chang, A.C. Trace metal chemistry in arid-zone field soils amended with sewage sludge: III. Effect of time on the extraction of trace metals. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1983, 47, 898–902.
- Kalembasa, D.; Pakula, K. Heavy metal fractions in soils fertilized with sewage sludge. Environ. Protect. Eng. 2009, 35, 2, 157–164.
- Urasa, I.T.; Mwebi, N.O. Factors influencing the behavior of land applied biosolids. J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. A: Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. 2011, 46, 14, 1625–1631.
- US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Acid digestion of sludges, solids and soils. In Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846 Pt. 1; Office 404 of Solid and Hazardous Wastes, US EPA: Cincinnati, OH, 1996; USEPA 3050B.
- Bell, P.F.; James, B.R.; Chaney, R.L. Heavy metal extractability in long-term sewage sludge and metal salt amended soils. J. Environ. Qual. 1991, 20, 481–486.
- Luo, Y.M.; Christie, P. Bioavailability of copper and zinc in soils treated with alkaline stabilized sewage sludges. J. Environ. Qual. 1998, 27, 335–342.
- Shrivastava, S.K.; Banerjee, D.K. Speciation of metals in sewage sludge and sludge-amended soils. Water, Air, Soil Poll. 2004, 152, 219–232.
- Gupta, A.K.; Sinha, S. Chemical fractionation and heavy metal accumulation in the plant of Sesamum indicum (L) var. T55 grown on soil amended with tannery sludge: Selection of single extractant. Chemosphere 2006, 64, 161–173.
- Bhattacharyya, P.; Chakraborty, A.; Chakrabarti, K.; Tripathy, S.; Powell, M.A. Copper and zinc uptake by rice and accumulation in soil amended with municipal solid waste compost. Environ. Geol. 2006, 49, 1064–1070.
- Karaca, A. Effect of organic wastes on the extractability of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc in soil. Geoderma 2004, 122, 297–303.
- Yoo, M.S.; James, B.R. Zinc extractability as a function of pH in organic waste-contaminated soils. Soil Sci. 2002, 167, 246–259.
- Chirenje, T.; Riverco, C.; Ma, L.Q. Leachability of Cu and Ni in wood ash amended soil as impacted by humic and fulvic acid. Geoderma 2002, 108, 31–47.
- Adriano, D.C. Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments, 2nd ed.; Springer-Verlag: New York; 2002.
- Elsokkary, I.H.; Amer, M.A.; Shalaby, E.A. Assessment of inorganic lead species and total organo alkyl lead in some Egyptian agricultural soils. Environ. Poll. 1995, 87, 225–233.
- Yesilonis, I.D.; James, B.R.; Pouyat, R.V.; Momen B. Lead forms in urban turf grass and forest soils as related to organic matter content and pH. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2008, 146, 1–17.
- Zaghloul, A.M.; Camilia; El-Dewiny; Youssef, R.A. Distribution of lead and zinc metals in some Egyptian soils. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2006, 2(5), 284–289.
- Chang, A.C.; Page, A.L.; Warnekem, J.E.; Grgurevic, E. Investigation into heavy metal uptake by wastewater sludges. J. Environ. Qual. 1984, 13, 33–39.
- Paramasivam S.; Potts, M.C.; Delise, J.A.; Sajwan, K.S.; Alva, A.K.; Jayaraman, K.; Chakraborty, P. Evaluation of wastewater treatment by-products as soil amendment: Growth of sorghum-sudan grass and trace elements concentrations. J. Environ. Sci. Health Pt. A 2012, 47(11), 1678–1686.
- Fergusson, J.E. The Heavy Elements: Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Pergamon Press: Oxford, UK, 1990.
- Lee, B.D.; Carter, B.J.; Basta, N.T.; Weaver, B. Factors influencing heavy metal distribution in six Oklahoma benchmark soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1997, 61, 218–223.
- Tack, F.M.G.; Verloo, M.G. Chemical speciation and fractionation in soil and sediment heavy metal analysis: A Review. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1995, 59, 225–238.