Publication Cover
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A
Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering
Volume 50, 2015 - Issue 8
201
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Kinetics of thermal and photo-initiated release of tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCP) flame retardant from polyurethane foam materials

Pages 855-865 | Received 24 Oct 2014, Published online: 01 Jun 2015

References

  • Van Esch, G.J. Flame retardants: A general introduction. Environmental Health Criteria 192. Taylor & Francis, Switzerland, 1997.
  • Green, J. A review of phosphorus-containing flame retardants. J. Fire Sci. 1996, 14, 353–366.
  • Van der Veen, I.; De Boer, J. Phosphorus flame retardants: properties, production, environmental occurrence, toxicity and analysis. Chemosphere 2012, 88, 1119–1153.
  • World Health Organization (WHO). Flame retardants: tris chloropropyl phosphate and tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate. Environmental Health Criteria No. 209. Taylor & Francis: Geneva, Switzerland, 1998.
  • Nakamura, A. Tributyl phosphate. Environmental Health Criteria No. 112. Taylor & Francis: Geneva, Switzerland, 1991.
  • Green, J. Flame retardants and smoke suppressants. In Polymer Modifiers and Additives, vol. 62; Lutz, J.T., Grossman, R.F., Eds.; Taylor & Francis: New York, 2001; 173–272.
  • Ingerowski, G.; Friedle, A.; Thumulla, J. Chlorinated ethyl and isopropyl phosphoric acid tri esters in the indoor environment – An inter laboratory exposure study. Indoor Air 2001, 11, 145–149.
  • Sellström, U.; Jansson, B. Mass-spectrometric determination of tris(1,3-dichloro-2- propyl)-phosphate (TDCP) using NCI-technique. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1987, 29. 277–287.
  • KemI  . The flame retardant project—Final report. Taylor & Francis: Stockholm, Sweden, 1996.
  • Carlsson, H.; Nilsson, U.; Becker, G.; Östman, C. Organophosphate ester flame retardants and plasticizers in the indoor environment: Analytical methodology and occurrence. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997. 31, 2931–2936.
  • Hansen, D.; Volland, G.; Krause, G.; Zoltzer, D. Determination and occurrence of phosphororganic compounds (POV) in dust and indoor air. Gefahrst. Reinhalt L. 2001, 61, 13–17.
  • Staaf, T.; Östman C. Organophosphate triesters in indoor environments. J. Environ. Monit. 2005, 7, 883–887.
  • Andresen, J.A.; Grundmann, A.; Bester, K. Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticisers in surface waters. Sci. Total Environ. 2004, 332, 155–166.
  • Van Esch, G.J. Flame retardants: tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salts. Environmental Health Criteria 218. Taylor & Francis. 2000. Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Nakamura, A. Triphenyl phosphate. Environmental Health Criteria 111. Taylor & Francis: Geneva, Switzerland, 1991.
  • Gold, Md.; Blum, A.; Ames, N.B. Tris-(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate, and its expected metabolites are mutagens. Science 1978, 200, 785–787.
  • Hughes, M.F.; Edwards, B.C.; Mitchell, C.T.; Bhooshan, B. In vitro dermal absorption of flame retardant chemicals. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2001, 39, 1263–1270.
  • LeBel, G.L.; Williams, D.T. Determination of organic phosphate triesters in human adipose tissue. J. AOAC Int. 1983, 66, 691–699.
  • LeBel, G.L.; Williams, D.T. Levels of triaryl/alkyl phosphates in human adipose tissue from eastern Ontario. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1986, 37, 41–46.
  • Na, T.; Li, C.; Fang, Y.; Liu, H.; Lin, B.; Jin, H.; Tian, L.; Zhang, W.; Xi, Z. Toxicity of TDCPP and TCEP on PC12 cell: Changes in CAMKII, GAP43, tubulin and NF-H gene and protein. Toxicol. Lett. 2014, 227, 164–171.
  • Hudec, T.; Thean, J.; Kuehl, D.; Dougherty  . RC, Tris(dichloropropyl)phosphate, a mutagenic flame retardant: frequent occurrence in human seminal plasma. Science 1980, 211, 951–952.
  • US EPA.Environmental Protection Agency Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Safe Drinking Water And Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 State Of California, Chemicals Known To The State To Cause Cancer Or Reproductive Toxicity. June 6, 2014. Available at http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/prop65_list/files/P65single060614.pdf.
  • Ghanem, R.; Baker, H. Determination of decabromodiphenyl ether in backcoated textile preparation. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 62(1), 249–253.
  • Ghanem, R.; Baker, H.; Delmani, F. Determination of hexabromocyclododecane in backcoated textile preparation. Asian J. Chem. 2007, 19(2), 921–928.
  • Ghanem, R.; Delmani, F. Kinetics of thermal and photolytic degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) in backcoated textile samples. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 2012, 98, 79–85.
  • Baker, H.; Ghanem, R. Determination of antimony trioxide in backcoated textile preparation. Euras. J. Anal. Chem. 2014, 9(1).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.