Publication Cover
Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A
Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering
Volume 50, 2015 - Issue 14
557
Views
25
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Comparison, association, and risk assessment of phthalates in floor dust at different indoor environments in Delaware, USA

, , , &
Pages 1428-1439 | Received 04 May 2015, Published online: 01 Sep 2015

References

  • Thompson, R.C.; Moore, C.J.; vom Saal, F.S.; Swan, S.H. Plastics, the environment and human health: current consensus and future trends. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B 2009, 364, 2153–2166.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Phthalates TEACH Chemical Summary. Oct. 2007. Available at http://epa.gov/teach/ (accessed Nov 2014).
  • Tsumura, Y.; Ishimitsu, S.; Kaihara, A.; Yoshii, K.; Tonogai, Y. Phthalates, adipates, citrates, and some of the other plasticizers detected in Japanese retail foods: a survey. J. Health Sci. 2002, 48, 493–502.
  • Halden, R.U. Plastics and health risks. Annu. Rev. Public Health 2010, 31, 179–194.
  • Fasano, E.; Bono-Blay, F.; Cirillo, T.; Montuori, P.; Lacorte, S. Migration of phthalates, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate from food packaging. Food Control 2012, 27, 132–138.
  • Xu, Y.; Hubal, E.A.C.; Clausen, P.A.; Little, J.C. Predicting residential exposure to phthalate plasticizer emitted from vinyl flooring: a mechanistic analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 2374–2380.
  • Petersen, J.H.; Jensen, L.K. Phthalates and food-contact materials: enforcing the 2008 European Union plastics legislation. Food Addit. Contam. Pt. A Chem. Anal. Contr. Expo. Risk Assess. 2010, 27, 1608–1616.
  • Xu, Y.; Hubal, E.A.C.; Little, J.C. Predicting residential exposure to phthalate plasticizer emitted from viny flooring: sensitivity, uncertainty, and implications for biomonitoring. Environ. Health Perspect. 2010, 118, 253–258.
  • Seo, J.; Kato, S. A preliminary study of a method to measure SVOCs emitted from electrical appliances. J. Asian Arch. Bldg. Eng. 2008, 7, 379–385.
  • Ting, K.-C.; Gill, M.; Garbin, O. GC/MS screening method for phthalate esters in Children's toys. J. AOAC Int. 2009, 92, 951–958.
  • Korfali, S.I.; Sabra, R.; Jurdi, M.; Taleb, R.I. Assessment of toxic metals and phthalates in children's toys and clays. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2013, 65, 368–381.
  • Bonini, M.; Errani, E.; Zerbinati, G.; Ferri, E.; Girotti, S. Extraction and gas chromatographic evaluation of plasticizers content in food packaging films. Microchem. J. 2008, 90, 31–36.
  • Fierens, T.; Servaes, K.; Van Holderbeke, M.; Geerts, L.; De Henauw, S.; Sioen, I.; Vanermen, G. Analysis of phthalates in food products and packaging materials sold on the Belgian market. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2012, 50, 2575–2583.
  • Gevao, B.; Al-Ghadban, A.N.; Bahloul, M.; Uddin, S.; Zafar, J. Phthalates in indoor dust in Kuwait: implications for non-dietary human exposure. Indoor Air 2013, 23, 126–133.
  • Aragon, M.; Borrull, F.; Marce, R.M. Termal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method to determine phthalate and organophosphate esters from air. J. Chromato. A 2013, 1303, 76–82.
  • Kong, S.-F.; Ji, Y.-Q.; Liu, L.-L.; Chen, L.; Zhao, X.-Y.; Wang, J.-J.; Bai, Z.-P.; Sun, Z.-R. Spatial and temporal variation of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5 and the influence of ambient temperature in Tianjin, China. Atmos. Environ. 2013, 74, 199–208.
  • Sanchez-Avila, Juan; Tauler, Roma; Lacorte, Silvia Organic micropollutants in coastal waters from NW Mediterranean Sea: Sources distribution and potential risk. Environ. Int. 2012, 46, 50–62.
  • Sirivithayapakorn, S.; Thuyviang, K. Dispersion and ecoclogical risk assessment of di(2-thylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the surface waters of Thailand. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2010, 84, 503–506.
  • Liu, W.L.; Shen, C.F.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, C.B. Distribution of phthalate esters in soil of e-waste recycling sites from Taizhou City in China. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2009, 82, 665–667.
  • Borchers, A.; Teuber, S.S.; Keen, C.L.; Gershwin, M.E. Food safety. Clin. Rev. Allerg. Immunol. 2010, 39, 95–141.
  • Schecter, A.; Lorber, M.; Guo, Y.; Wu, Q.; Yun, S.H.; Kannan, K.; Hommel, M.; Imran, N.; Hynan, L.S.; Cheng, D.; Colacino, J.A.; Birnbaum, L.S. Phthalate concentrations and dietary exposure from food purchased in New York State. Environ. Health Perspect. 2013, 12, 473–479.
  • Bi, X.-L.; Pan, X.-J.; Yuan, S.-J.; Wang, Q.-Q. Plasticizer contamination in edible vegetable oil in a U.S. retail market. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2013, 61, 9502–9509.
  • Bertelsen, R.J.; Carlsen, K.C.L.; Calafat, A.M.; Hoppin, J.A.; Haland, G.; Mowinckel, P.; Carlsen, K.H.; Lovik, M. Urinary biomarkers for phthalates associated with asthma in Norwegian children. Environ. Health Perspect. 2013, 121, 251–256.
  • He, M.; Inoue, K.I.; Yoshida, S.; Tanaka, M.; Takano, H.; Sun, G.F.; Ichinose, T. Effects of airway exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on allergic rhinitis. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 2013, 35, 390–395.
  • Main, K.M.; Mortensen, G.K.; Kaleva, M.M.; Boisen, K.A.; Damgaard, I.N.; Chellakooty, M.; Schmidt, I.M.; Suomi, A.-M.; Virtanen, H.E.; Petersen, J.H.; Andersson, A.-M.; Toppari, J.; Skakkebæk, N.E. Human breast mike contamination with phthalates and alterations of endogenous reproductive hormones in infants three months of age. Environ. Health Perspect. 2006, 114, 270–276.
  • Liu, L.-P.; Bao, H.-Q.; Liu, F.; Zhang, J.; Shen, H.-Q. Phthalates exposure of Chinese reproductive age couples and its effect on male semen quality, a primary study. Environ. Int. 2012, 42, 78–83.
  • Larsson, M.; Weiss, B.; Janson, S.; Sundell, J.; Bornehag, C.-G. Associations between indoor environmental factors and parental-reported autistic spectrum disorders in children 6–8 years of age. NeuroToxicology 2009, 30, 822–831.
  • Cho, S.-C.; Bhang, S.-Y.; Hong, Y.-C.; Shin, M.-S.; Kim, B.-N.; Kim, J.-W.; Yoo, H.-J.; Cho, I.H.; Kim, H.-W. Relationship between environmental exposure and the intelligence of school-age children. Environ. Health Perspect. 2010, 118, 1027–1032.
  • Rusyn, I.; Corton, J.C. Mechanistic considerations for human relevance of cancer hazard of di(2-ethylheaxyl) phthalate. Mutat. Res. 2012, 750, 141–158.
  • Pei, X.Q.; Song, M.; Guo, M.; Mo, F.F.; Shen, X.Y. Concentration and risk assessment of phthalates present in indoor air from newly decorated apartment. Atmos. Environ. 2013, 68, 17–3.
  • Geiss, O.; Tirendi, S.; Barrero-Moreno, J.; Kotzias, D. Investigation of volatile organic compounds and phthalates present in the cabin air of used private cars. Environ. Int. 2009, 35, 1188–1195.
  • Kolarik, B.; Bornehag, C.-G.; Naydenov, K.; Sundell, J.; Stavova, P.; Nielsen, O.F. The concentrations of phthalates in settled dust in Bulgarian homes in relation to building characteristic and cleaning habits in the family. Atmos. Environ. 2008, 42, 8553–8559.
  • Langer, S.; Weschler, C.J.; Fischer, A.; Beko, G.; Toftum, J.; Clausen, G. Phthalates and PAH concentrations in dust collected from Danish homes and daycare centers. Atmos. Environ. 2010, 44, 2294–2301.
  • Carlstedt, F.; Jonsson, B.A.G.; Bornehag, C.-G. PVC flooring is related to human uptake of phthalates in infants. Indoor Air 2013, 23, 32–39.
  • Zhang, Q.; Lu, X.-M.; Zhang, X.-L.; Sun, Y.-G.; Zhu, D.-M.; Wang, B.-L.; Zhao, R.-Z.; Zhang, Z.-D. Levels of phthalate esters in settled house dust from urban dwellings with young children in Nanjing, China. Atmos. Environ. 2013, 69, 258–264.
  • Clausen, P.A.; Bille, R.L.L.; Nilsson, T.; Hansen, V.; Svensmark, B.; Bowadt, S. Simultaneous extraction of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and nonionic surfactants from house dust – Concentrations in floor dust from 15 Danish schools. J. Chromatogr. A 2003, 986, 179–190.
  • Bekö, G.; Weschler, C.J.; Langer, S.; Callesen, M.; Toftum, J.; Clausen, G. Children's phthalate intakes and resultant cumulative exposure estimated from urine compared with estimate from dust ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption in their homes and daycare centers. PLOS ONE 2013, 8, 1–18.
  • Orecchio, S.; Indelicato, R.; Barreca, S. The distribution of phthalate esters in indoor dust of Palermo. Environ. Geochem. Health 2013, 35, 613–624.
  • Abb, M.; Heinrich, T.; Sorkau, E.; Lorenz, W. Phthalates in house dust. Environ. Int. 2009, 35, 965–970.
  • Guo, Y.; Kannan, K. Comparative assessment of human exposure to phthalate esters from house dust in China and the United States. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 3788–3794.
  • Fay, M.; Donohue, J.M.; De Rosa, C. ATSDR evaluation of health effects of chemicals. VI. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Toxicol. Ind. Health 1999, 15, 651–746.
  • Lowell Center for Sustainable Production. Phthalates and Their Alternatives: Health and Environmental Concerns. University of Massachusetts: Lowell. MA, USA. 2011.
  • Rastogi, S.C. Gas chromatographic analysis of phthalate esters in plastic toys. Chromatographia 1998, 47, 724–726.
  • Martina, C.A.; Weiss, B.; Swan, S.H. Lifestyle behaviors associated with exposures to endocrine disruptors. NeuroToxicology 2012, 33, 1427–1433.
  • European Union. Plastic materials and articles intended to come in contact with food. Official Journal of the European Commission, No. 10/2011, 2011.
  • People's Republic of China. Hygienic standards for uses of additives in food containers and packaging materials, GB9685–2008. The National Standards of the People's Republic of China, 2008.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Exposure Factors Handbook, 2011 Edition. EPA/600/R-09/052F. USEPA: Washington, DC, 2011.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.