References
- Babatunde, A.O.; Zhao, Y.Q. Constructive approaches towards water treatment works sludge management: An international review of beneficial re-uses. Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Tec. 2007, 37(2), 129–164.
- Ippolito, J.A.; Barbarick, K.A.; Elliott, H.A. Drinking water treatment residuals: A review of recent uses. J. Environ. Qual. 2011, 40(1), 1–12.
- Makris, K.C.; Harris, W.G.; O’Connor, G.A.; Obreza, T.A. Phosphorus immobilization in micropores of drinking-water treatment residuals: Implications for long-term stability. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38(24), 6590–6596.
- Oliver, I.W.; Grant, C.D.; Murray, R.S. Assessing effects of aerobic and anaerobic conditions on phosphorus sorption and retention capacity of water treatment residuals. J. Environ. Manag. 2011, 92(3), 960–966.
- Wang, C.H.; Wang, Z.Y.; Lin, L.; Tian, B.H.; Pei, Y.S. Effect of low molecular weight organic acids on phosphorus adsorption by ferric-alum water treatment residuals. J. Hazard. Mater. 2012, 203–204, 145–150.
- Agyin-Birikorang, S.; O’Connor, G.A. Lability of drinking water treatment residuals (WTR) immobilized phosphorus: Aging and pH effects. J. Environ. Qual. 2007, 36(4), 1076–1085.
- Wang, C.H.; Fei, C.B.; Pei, Y.S. Stability of P saturated water treatment residuals under different levels of dissolved oxygen. Clean–Soil, Air, Water 2012, 40(8), 844–849.
- Agyin-Birikorang, S.; O’Connor, G.A. Aging effects on reactivity of an aluminum-based drinking-water treatment residual as a soil amendment. Sci. Total Environ. 2009, 407(2), 826–834.
- Zhao, Y.Q.; Babatunde, A.O.; Hu, Y.S.; Kumar, J.L.G.; Zhao, X.H. Pilot field-scale demonstration of a novel alum sludge-based constructed wetland system for enhanced wastewater treatment. Proc. Biochem. 2011, 46(1), 278–283.
- Wang, C.H.; Gao, S.J.; Pei, Y.S.; Zhao, Y.Q. Use of drinking water treatment residuals to control the internal phosphorus loading from lake sediments: Laboratory scale investigation. Chem. Eng. J. 2013, 225, 93–99.
- Makris, K.C.; Sarkar, D.; Datta, R. Evaluating a drinking-water waste by-product as a novel sorbent for arsenic. Chemosphere 2006, 64(5), 730–741.
- Gibbons, M.K.; Gagnon, G.A. Understanding removal of phosphate or arsenate onto water treatment residual solids. J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 186(2–3), 1916–1923.
- Zhou, Y.F.; Haynes, R.J. Removal of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using alum-derived water treatment sludge. Water Air Soil Poll. 2011, 215 (1–4), 631–643.
- Putra, R.S.; Tanaka, S. Aluminum drinking water treatment residuals (Al-WTRs) as an entrapping zone for lead in soil by electrokinetic remediation. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2011, 79(2), 208–215.
- Hovsepyan, A.; Bonzongo, J.C.J. Aluminum drinking water treatment residuals (Al-WTRs) as sorbent for mercury: Implications for soil remediation. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 164(1), 73–80.
- Ippolito, J.A.; Scheckel, K.G.; Barbarick, K.A. Selenium adsorption to aluminum based water treatment residuals. J. Coll. Interf. Sci. 2009, 338(1), 48–55.
- Brown, S.; Christensen, B.; Lombi, E.; McLaughlin, M.; McGrath, S.; Colpaert, J.; Vangronsveld, J. An inter-laboratory study to test the ability of amendments toreduce the availability of Cd, Pb, and Zn in situ. Environ. Pollut. 2005, 138(1), 34–45.
- Sarkar, D.; Makris, K.C.; Vandanapu, V.; Datta, R. Arsenic immobilization in soils amended with drinking-water treatment residuals. Environ. Pollut. 2007, 146(2), 414–419.
- Fan, J.; He, Z.; Ma, L.Q.; Yang, Y.; Yang, X.; Stoffell, P.J. Immobilization of copper in contaminated sandy soils using calcium water treatment residue. J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 189(3), 710–718.
- Nielsen, S.S.; Petersen, L.R.; Kjeldsen, P.; Jakobsen, R. Amendment of arsenic and chromium polluted soil from wood preservation by iron residues from water treatment. Chemosphere 2011, 84(4), 383–389.
- Chiang, Y.W.; Ghyselbrecht, K.; Santos, R.M.; Martens, J.A.; Swennen, R.; Cappuyns, V.; Meesschaert, B. Adsorption of multi-heavy metals onto water treatment residuals: Sorption capacities and applications. Chem. Eng. J. 2012, 200–202, 405–415.
- Wang, C.H.; Zhao, Y.Y.; Pei, Y.S. Investigation on reusing water treatment residuals to remedy soil contaminated with multiple metals in Baiyin, China. J. Hazard. Mater. 2012, 237–238, 240–246.
- Elkhatib, E.A.; Mahdy, A.M.; ElManeah, M.M. Effects of drinking water treatment residuals on nickel retention in soils: a macroscopic and thermodynamic study. J. Soil. Sediment 2013, 13(1), 94–105.
- USEPA. Drinking Water Treatment Plant Residuals Management: Summary of Residuals Generation, Treatment, and Disposal in Large Community Water Systems. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 2011.
- Elliott, H.A.; Dempsey, B.A.; Maille, P.J. Content and fractionation of heavy metals in water treatment sludges. J. Environ. Qual. 1990, 19, 330–334.
- Agyin-Birikorang, S.; Oladeji, O.O.; O’Connor, G.A.; Obreza, T. A.; Capece J.C. Efficacy of drinking-water treatment residual in controlling off-site phosphorus losses: A field study in Florida. J. Environ. Qual. 2009, 38(3), 1076–1085.
- US EPA. SW-846 Method 3051: Microwave assisted acid digestion of sediments, sludges, soils and oils. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 2007.
- Shang, C.; Zelazny, L.W. Selective dissolution techniques for mineral analysis of soils and sediments. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 5 – Mineralogical Methods; Ulery, A.L., Drees, L.R., Eds.; Soil Science Society of America, Inc.: Madison, WI, 2008; 33–80.
- Zbytniewski, R.; Buszewski, B. Characterization of natural organic matter (NOM) derived from sewage sludge compost. Part 1: chemical and spectroscopic properties. Bioresource Technol. 2005, 96(4), 471–478.
- Nelson, D.W.; Sommers, L.E. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. In: Methods of Soil Analysis; Page, A.L., Miller, R.H., Keeney, D.R., Eds.; American Society of Agronomy: Madison, WI, 1982; 539–579.
- Mehlich, A. Mehlich 3 soil test extractant: A modification of Mehlich 2 extractant. Commun. Soil Sci. Plan. 1984, 15(12), 1409–1416.
- US EPA. SW-846 Method 1311: Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 1992.
- Yuan, C.G.; Shi, J.B.; He, B.; Liu, J.F.; Liang, L.N.; Jiang, G.B. Speciation of heavy metals in marine sediments from the East China Sea by ICP-MS with sequential extraction. Environ. Int. 2004, 30(6), 769–783.
- Oomen, A.G.; Hack, A.; Minekus, M.; Zeijdner, E.; Cornelis, C.; Schoeters, G.; Verstraete, W.; Wiele, T.V.D.; Wragg, J.; Rompelberg, C.J.M.; Sips, A.J.A.M.; Wijnen, J.H.V. Comparison of five in vitro digestion models to study the bioaccessibility of soil contaminants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36(15), 3326–3334.
- Su, D.C.; Wong, J.W.C. The growth of corn seedlings in alkaline coal fly ash stabilized sewage sludge. Water Air Soil Poll. 2002, 133, 1–13.
- Baltpurvins, K.A.; Burns, R.C.; Lawrance, G.A.; Stuart, A.D. Effect of pH and anion type on the aging of freshly precipitated iron (III) hydroxide sludges. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30(3), 939–944.
- USEPA. SW-846 Chapter Seven: Characteristics Introduction and Regulatory Definitions (revision 4). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 2004.
- Dayton, E.A; Basta, N.T. Characterization of drinking water treatment residuals for use as a soil substitute. Water Environ. Res. 2001, 73, 52–57.
- US EPA. A Guide to the Biosolids Risk Assessments for the EPA Part 503 Rule. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, 1995.
- Iranpour, R.; Cox, H.H.J.; Kearney, R.J.; Cleark, J.H.; Pincince A.B.; Daigger G. T. Regulations for biosolids land application in U.S. and European Union. J. Resid. Sci. Tech. 2004, 1(4), 209–222.
- Wang, C.H.; Yuan, N.N.; Pei, Y.S. Effect of pH on metal lability in drinking water treatment residuals. J. Environ. Qual. 2014, 43(1), 389–397.
- Yang, Y.; Zhao, Y.Q.; Kearney, P. Influence of ageing on the structure and phosphate adsorption capacity of dewatered alum sludge. Chem. Eng. J. 2008, 145(2), 276–284.