Distributions of SO₂ and NO₂ in the lower atmosphere of an industrial area in Bhutan

References

• Bhanarkar, A.D.; Gajghate, D.G.; Hasan, M.Z. Assessment of air pollution from small scale industry. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2000, 80, 125–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Environment Commission of Bhutan. Compliance Monitoring Report-Industries. National Environment Commission Secretariat, 2009. Available at http://www.nec.gov.bt/nec1/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Compliance-Monitoring-ind_2009.pdf (accessed Jun 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Garg, A.; Shukal, P.R.; Kapshe, M. The sectoral trends of multi gas emissions inventory of India. Atmos. Environ. 2006, 40, 4608–4620.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, T.; Cheung, V.T.F.; Lam, K.S.; Kok, G.L.; Harris, J.M. The characteristics of ozone and related compounds in the boundary layer of the South China coast: temporal and vertical variations during autumn season. Atmos. Environ. 2001, 35, 2735–2746.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, C.D.; Alley, F.C. Air Pollution Control-A Design Approach, 3rd Ed. Waveland Press, Inc.: Long Grove, NJ, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, R.J.; Zhang, Y.L.; Bozzetti, C.; Ho, K.F.; Cao, J.J.; Han, Y.M.; Daellenabach, K.R.; Slowik, J.G.; Platt, S.M.; Canonaco, F.; Zotter, P.; Wolf, R.; Pieber, S.M.; Bruns, E.A.; Crippa, M.; Ciarelli, G.; Piazzalunga, A.; Schwikowski, M.; Abbaszade, G.; Schnelle-Kries, J.; Zimmermann, R.; An, Z.S.; Szidat, S.; Balternsperger, U.; Haddad, I.E.; Prevot, A.S. High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China. Nature 2014, 514, 218–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, R.M. The use of passive sampling to monitor forest exposure to O3, NO2 and SO2: a review and some case studies. Environ. Pollut. 2003, 126, 301–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millstein, B.E.; Harley, R.A. Effects of retrofitting emission control systems on in-use heavy diesel vehicles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 5042–5048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stock, Z.S.; Russo, M.R.; Butler, T.M.; Archibald, A.T.; Lawrence, M.G.; Telford, P.J.; Abraham, N.L.; Pyle, J.A. Modeling the impact of megacities on local, regional and global tropospheric ozone and the deposition of nitrogen species. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2013. 2013, 13, 12215–12231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodhe, H.; Deutener, F.; Schulz, M. The global distribution of acidifying wet deposition. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2002, 36, 4382–4388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X.G.; Zhang, Y.H.; Cheng, Y.F.; Hu, M.; Han, T.T. Aerosol hygroscopicity and its impact on atmospheric visibility and radiative forcing in Guangzhou during the 2006 PRIDE-PRD campaign. Atmos. Environ. 2012, 60, 59–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei, H.; Wuebbles, D.J. Chemical competition in nitrate and sulfate formation and its effects on air quality. Atmos. Enviorn. 2013, 80, 472–477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erduran, M.S.; Tuncel, S.G. 2001. Gaseous and Particulate air pollutants in the Mediterranean coast. Sci. Total Environ. 2001, 281, 205–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, J.F.; Thompson, S.J.; Addy, C.L.; Mc Keown, R.E.; Cowen, D.J.; Docufle, P. Association of very low birth weight with exposures to environmental sulphur dioxide and total suspended partucaltes. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2000, 151, 602–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dejmek, J.; Jelinek, R.; Solansky, I.; Sram, R. Fecundability and parental exposure to ambient sulfur dioxide. Environ. Health Perspect. 2000, 108, 647–654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, Y.; Zhao, B.; Zhang, L.; Luo, R. Spatiotemporal variations of PM2.5 and PM10 concntrations between 31 Chinese cities and their relationships with SO2, NO2, CO and O3. Particuology 2015, 20, 141–149.
   Google Scholar
• Civan, M.Y.; Elbir, T.; Seyfioglu, R.; Kuntasal, O.O.; Bayram, A.; Dogan, G.; Yurdakul, S.; Andic, O.; Muexxinoglu, A.; Sofuoglu, S.C.; Pekey, H.; Pekey, B.; Bozlaker, A.; Odabasi, M.; Tuncel, G. Spatial and temporal variations in atmospheric VOCs, NO2, SO2 and O3 concentrations at a heavily industrialized region in Western Turkey, and assessment of the carcinogenic risk levels of benzene. Atmos. Environ. 2015, 103, 102–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frins, E.; Bobrowski, N.; Osorio, M.; Casaballe, N.; Belsterli, G.; Wagner, T.; Platt, U. Scanning and mobile multi-axis DOAS measurements of SO2 and NO2 emissions from an electric power plant in Montevideo, Uruguay. Atmos. Environ. 2014, 98, 347–356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bari, M.A.; Curran, R.L.T.; Kindzierski, W.B. Field performance evaluation of Maxxam passive samplers for regional monitoring of ambient SO2, NO2 and O3 concentrations in Alberta, Canada. Atmos. Environ. 2015, 114, 39–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adame, J.A.; Notario, A.; Villanueva, F.; Albaladejo, J. Application of cluster analysis to surface ozone, NO2 and SO2 daily patterns in an industrial area in Central-Southern Spain measured with a DOAS system. Sci. Total Environ. 2012, 429, 281–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krupińska, B.; Worobiec, A.; Rotondo, G.G.; Novaković, V.; Kontozova, V.; Ro, C.; Grieken, R.V.; Wael, K.D. Assessment of the air quality (NO2, SO2, O3 and particulate matter) in the Plantin-Moretus Museum/Print room in Antwerp, Belgium, in different seasons of the year. Microchem. J. 2012, 102, 49–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Y.; Wang, L.; Wang, Y.; Quan, L.; Zirui, L. In situ measurements of SO2, NOx, NOy, and O3 in Beijing, China during August 2008. Sci. Total Environ. 2011, 409, 933–940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahadevaiah; Abdul Galil, M.S.; Kumar, M.S.Y.; Sathish, M.A.; Nagendrappa, G. Simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of Sulphur dioxide by its decolorizing effect on the peroxovanadate complex. J. Anal. Chem. 2008, 63, 239–243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos, V.P.; Cruz, L.P.S.; Godoi, R.H.M.; Godoi, A.F.L.; Tavares, T.M. Development and validation of passive samplers for atmospheric monitoring of SO2, NO2, O3 and H2S in tropical areas. Microchem. J. 2010, 96, 132–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, B.W.L. A general review of some of the early air pollution monitoring in Auckland. Chem New Zealand, 1980, 18–20. Available at nzic.org.nz/ChemProcesses/environment/14A.pdf (accessed Jun 2016).
   Google Scholar
• USEPA. Method of measuring and monitoring atmospheric sulfur dioxide. US Department of Health, Education and welfare 1964. Available at nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi? Dockey = 9100JN56.TXT (accessed Mar 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Kamyotra, S.J.S.; Saha, D. Guidelines for the measurement of the ambient air pollutants volume I. Central pollution control board, New Delhi. 2011. Available at www.cpcb.nic.in/newitems/7.pdf (accessed Dec 2015).
   Google Scholar
• National Environment Commission of Bhutan. Strategy for air quality assessment and management in Bhutan. National Environment Commission Secretariat. 2010. Available at http://www.nec.gov.bt/nec1/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Air-Quality-Mgt-Strategy.pdf (accessed Mar 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, M.S.Y.; Gowtham, M.D.; Mahadevaiah,  ; Nagendrappa, G. Simple spectrophotometric and titrimetric methods for the determination of sulfur dioxide. Jpn. Soc. Anal. Chem. 2006, 22, 757–761.
   Google Scholar
• American Society for Testing and Materials, International. Standards test methods for sulfur dioxide content of the atmosphere (West-Gaeke Method). ASTM volume 11.03, standard number D 2914-01, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Munoz, M.P.; Rueda, F.J.M.D.V.; Diez, L.M.P. Determination of Formaldehyde in air by flow injection using pararosaniline and spectrophotometric detection. Analyst 1989, 114, 1469–1471.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka, T.; Ohyama, T.; Maruo, Y.Y.; Hayashi, T. Coloration reactions between NO2 and organic compounds in porous glass for cumulative gas sensor. Sensors Actuators B 1998, 47, 65–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saltzman, B.E. Colorimetric Micro-determination of Nitrogen Dioxide in the Atmosphere. Division of special Health service, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Cincinnati, Ohio, 1949.
   Google Scholar
• West, P.W.; Gaeke, G.C. Determination of sulfur dioxide. Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 1816–1819.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffery, G.H.; Bassett, J.; Mendhan, J.; Denny, R.C. Vogel's Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis. ELBS, Longman: Essex, 1989, p. 398.
   Google Scholar
• Mousazadeh, S. Determination of nitrogen oxidesciencentration in the atmosphere of the faculty of pharmacology's laboratories. Iranian J. Toxicol. 2009, 2, 281–286.
   Google Scholar
• Swartz, M.; Krull, I.D. Analytical Method Development and Validation, 2nd Ed. Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 1997.
   Google Scholar
• ICH harmonized Tripartite Guidelines. Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology, Q2 (R). 2005. Available at http://www.ich.org/fileadmin/Public_Web_Site/ICH_Products/Guidelines/Quality/Q2_R1/Step 4/Q2_R1__Guideline.pdf (accessed Dec 2014)
   Google Scholar
• Halima, O.A.; Aneesh, T.P.; Reshma, G.; Thomas, N.R. Development and validation of UV spectrophotometric method for the estimation of asenapine maleate in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. Der Pharma Chem. 2012, 4, 644–649.
   Google Scholar
• Averill, B.A.; Eldredge, P. General Chemistry: Principles, Patterns and Applications. Flat World Knowledge: Irvington, New York, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Meng, Y.Y.; Wilhelm, M.; Rull, R.P.; English, P.; Nathan, S.; Ritz, B. Are frequent asthma symptoms among low-income individuals related to heavy traffic near homes, vulnerabilities, or both? Ann. Epidemiol. 2008, 18, 343–350.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AOAC. Guidelines for single laboratory validation of chemical methods for dietary supplements and botanicals. 2002. Available at http://www.aoac.org/imis15_prod/AOAC_Docs/StandardsDevelopment/SLV_GuidelinesDietary_Supplements.pdf (accessed Feb 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Tan, S.P.; Piri, M. Modeling the solubility of nitrogen dioxide in water using perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2013, 52, 16031–16043.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q.; Tie, X. High solubility of SO2: evidence in an intensive fog event measure in the NCP region, China. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 2011, 11, 2931–2947.
   Google Scholar
• Wagner, J.P.; Carabalo, S.A. Toxic species emissions from controlled combustion of selected rubber and plastic consumer products. Polymer-Plastics Technol. Eng. 1997, 36, 189–254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hien, P.D.; Hangartner, M.; Fabian, S.; Tan, P.M. Concentrations of NO2, SO2, and benzene across Hanoi measured by passive diffusion samplers. Atmos. Environ. 2014, 88, 66–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozkurt, N.; Sari, D.; Akalin, N.; Hilmioglu, B. Evaluation of the impact of SO2 and NO2 emissions of the ambient air-quality in the Çan-Bayramiç region of nerthewest Turkey during 2007–2008. Sci. Total Environ. 2013, 456–457, 254–266.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, S.K.; Datta, A.; Saud, T.; Saxena, M.; Mandal, T.K.; Ahammed, Y.N.; Arya, B.C. Seasonal variability of ambient NH3, NO, NO2 and SO2 over Delhi. J. Environ. Sci. 2010, 22, 1023–1028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duc, D.H. Roadmap for motorcycle emission standard and fuel quality in Vietnam. Vietnam Register. 2011. Available at http://www.uncrd.or.jp/env/6th-regional-est-forum/doc/EST-5B_02_Vietnam-Registry_Duc.pdf (accessed Mar 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Chusai, C.; Manomaipiboon, K.; Saiyasitpanich, P.; Thepanondh, S. NO2 and SO2 dispersion modeling and relative roles of emission sources over Map Ta Phut industrial area, Thailand. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 2012, 62, 932–945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skøtt, T. The report—Chimney filters can save billions. Bioenergy research no. 21, 2007. Available at http://www.biopress.dk/PDF/FiB%20nr.%2021-2007_05%20-%20UK.pdf (accessed Jun 2016).
   Google Scholar
• de Gouw, J.A.; Parrish, D.D.; Frost, G.J.; Trainer, M. Reduced emissions of CO2, NOx, and SO2 from U.S. power plants owing to switch from coal to natural gas with combined cycle technology. Earth's Future 2014, 2, 75–82.
   Google Scholar
• Li, C.; Zhang, Q.; Krotkov, N.A.; Streets, D.G.; He, K.; Tsay, S-C.; Gleason, J.F. Recent large reduction in sulfur dioxide emissions from Chinese power plants observed by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2010, 37, L08807
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moretti, A.L.; Jones, C.S. Advanced Emissions Control Technologies for Coal-Fired Power Plants. Babcock and Wilcox Power Generations Group, Inc.: Barberton, OH, BR-1886, 2012. Available at www.babcock.com/library/Documents/BR-1886.pdf (accessed Jun 2016).
   Google Scholar