Spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and polychlorinated biphenyl sources in the Nakdong River Estuary, South Korea

References

• Beg, M.U.; Al-Muzaini, S.; Saeed, T.; Jacob, P.G.; Beg, K.R.; Al-Bahloul, M.; Al-Matrouk, K.; Al-Obaid, T.; Kurian, A. Chemical contamination and toxicity of sediment from a coastal area receiving industrial effluents in Kuwait. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2001, 41(3), 289–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meador, J.P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In Encyclopedia of Ecology; Jorgensen, S.E.; Faith, B.D., Eds., Elsevier: Oxford, UK, 2008; 2881–2891.
   Google Scholar
• Potrykus, J.; Albalat, A.; Pempkowiak, J.; Porte, C. Content and pattern of organic pollutants (PAHs, PCBs and DDT) in blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus) from the southern Baltic Sea. Oceanologia 2003, 45, 337–355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). A study on contamination of marine pollution monitoring network building and change, 1996a.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). Study on the Development Trace Organic Pollutants source tracking techniques, 1996b.
   Google Scholar
• US EPA Methods for Collection. Storage and Manipulation of Sediments for Chemical and Toxicological Analyses: Technical Manual, 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Heitkamp, M.A.; Cerniglia, C.E. Mineralization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a bacterium isolated from sediment below an oil field. App. Environ. Microbiol. 1998, 54(6), 1612–1614.
   Google Scholar
• UNEP. Preparation of a national environmentally sound plan for PCBs and PCBs-contaminated equipment: Training manual, 2003, http://www.basel.int/portals/4/basel%20convention/docs/pub/pcbmanuale.pdf. Accessed 4 June 2017.
   Google Scholar
• UNEP chemicals. Guidelines for the identification of PCBs and materials containing PCBs, 1999.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Quality Research and Development (3), the final report, 2006a.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, J.R.; Dellapenna, T.M.; Lee, G.H. Shifts in depositional environments as a natural response to anthropogenic alterations: Nakdong Estuary, South Korea. Mar. Geol. 2013, 343, 47–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung, S.Y.; Venkatramanan, S.; Park, N.; Ramkumar, T.; Sujtha, S.B. Evaluation of physico-chemical parameters in water and total heavy metals in sediments at Nakdong River Basin, Korea. Environ. Earth Sci. 2016, 75(1), 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryu, C.K.; Kang, S.; Chung, S.G.; Jeon, Y.M. Late Quaternary depositional environmental change in the northern marginal area of the Nakdong River delta, Korea. J. Geol. Soc. Korea 2011, 47, 213–233.
   Google Scholar
• Oh, G.H. The paleoenvironment of the northern part of the Nakdong River delta. Korean J. Quat. Res. 1994, 8, 33–42.
   Google Scholar
• Buccolieri, A.; Buccolieri, G.; Cardellicchio, N.; Atti, A.D.; Leo, A.D.; Maci, A. United States heavy metals in marine sediments of Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy). Mar. Chem. 2006, 99(1), 227–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryan, G.W.; Langston, W.J. Bioavailability, accumulation and effects of heavy metals in sediments with special reference to United Kingdom estuaries: A review. Environ. Pollut. 1992, 76(2), 89–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller, G. Index of geo-accumulation in the sediments of the Rhine River, 1969.
   Google Scholar
• Korea Environment Institute (KEI). Management plan for Lakes and rivers contaminated sediment, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). River sediment accumulation of POPs monitoring project (1), Han River, 2006b.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). River sediment accumulation of POPs monitoring project (2), Nakdong River, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). River sediment accumulation of POPs monitoring project (3), Geum River, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Folk, R.L. Petrology of the sedimentary rocks; Hemphill Publishing Company: Austin, Texas, USA, 1974, 182 p.
   Google Scholar
• Folk, R.L. A review of grain‐size parameters. Sedimentology 1966, 6(2), 73–93.
   Google Scholar
• Silliman, J.E.; Meyers, P.A.; Bourbonniere, R.A. Record of postglacial organic matter delivery and burial in sediments of Lake Ontario. Org. Geochem. 1996, 24(4), 463–472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, K.R.; Biddlestone, A.J. Composting-process parameters. The Chemical Engineer 1973, 2, 71–76.
   Google Scholar
• Lambert, S.M. Functional relationship between sorption in soil and chemical structure. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1967, 15, 672–576.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klamer, H.J.C.; Fomsgaard, L. Geographic distribution of chlorinated biphenyls (CBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from the Humber Plume, North Sea. Marine. Pollut. Bull. 1993, 26(4), 201–206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, J.W.; Lee, K.L.; Choi, J.; Kim, H.S. Dynamics of Phytoplankton Community after Formation of Turbid Water in Lake Imha. Korean J. Limnol. 2005, 38(3), 429.
   Google Scholar
• Khim, J.S.; Kannan, K.; Villeneuve, D.L.; Koh, C.H.; Giesy, J.P. Characterization and distribution of trace organic contaminants in sediment from Masan Bay, Korea. Instrumental analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33(23), 4199–4205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, S.; Luo, X.; Mai, B.; Sheng, G.; Fu, J.; Zeng, E.Y. Distribution and mass inventories of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides in sediments of the pearl estuary and the northen south China sea. Environ Sci. Technol. 2006, 40(3), 709–714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long, E.R.; Morgan, L.G. The Potential for biological effects of sediment-sorbed contaminants tested in the national status and trends program. NOAA technical memorandum NOS OMA 52, Seattle, 1990; WA 175 pp & appendices.
   Google Scholar
• US EPA. Great Lakes Binational Toxics. Strategy, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Yan, W.; Chi, J.; Wang, Z.; Huang, W.; Zhang, G. Spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Daya Bay, South China. Environ. Pollut. 2009, 157(6), 1823–1830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikenaka, Y.; Eun, H.; Watanabe, E.; Kumon, F.; Miyabara, Y. Estimation of sources and inflow of dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the sediment core of Lake Suwa, Japan. Environ. Pollut. 2005, 138(2), 529–537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennicutt, M.C.; Wade, T.L.; Presley, B.J.; Requejo, A.G.; Brooks, J.M.; Denoux, G.J. Sediment contaminants in Casco Bay, Maine: inventories, sources, and potential for biological impact. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1994, 28(1), 1–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forster, G.D.; Wright, D.A. Unsubstituted polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments, clams, and clam worms from Chesapeake Bay. Marine Pollut. Bull. 1998, 19(9), 459–465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodhead, R.J.; Law, R.J.; Matthiessen, P. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments around England and Wales, and their possible biological significance. Marine Pollut. Bull. 1999, 389(9), 773–790.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson, C.D.; Mosi, A.A.; Cullen, W.R.; Reimer, K.J. Composition and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surficial marine sediments from Kitimat Harbour, Canada. Sci. Total Environ. 1996, 181(3), 265–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Z.; Huang, J.; Yu, G.; Hong, H. Occurrence of PAHs, PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in the Tonghui River of Beijing, China. Environ. Pollut. 2004, 130(2), 249–261.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, A.C.; Larsen, P.F.; Gadbois, D.F.; Humason, A.W.. The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surficial sediments of Penobscot Bay (Maine, USA) in relation to possible sources and to other sites worldwide. Mar. Environ. Res. 1985, 15(1), 1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson, J.W.; Newton, F.C.; Hardin, J.; Tukey, R.H.; Richter, K.E. Chemistry and toxicity of sediments from San Diego Bay, including a biomarker (P450 RGS) response. In Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Biomarkers and Risk Assessment; Bengtson, D.A.; Henshel, D.S., Eds., ASTMSTP 1306, ASTM: Philadelphia, 1996; 53–78.
   Google Scholar
• Pereira, W.E.; Hostettler, F.D.; Rapp, J.B. Distribution and fate of chlorinated insecticides, biomarkers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments along a contamination gradient from a point-source in San Francisco Bay, California. Mar. Environ. Res. 1996, 41, 299–314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macias-Zamora, J.V.; Mendoza-Vega, E.; Villaescusa-Celaya, J.A. PAHs composition of surface marine sediments: A comparison to potential local sources in Todos Santos Bay, BC, Mexico. Chemosphere 2002, 46(3), 459–468.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong, H.; Xu, L.; Zhang, L.; Chen, J.C.; Wong, Y.S.; Wan, T.S.M. Environmental fate and chemistry of organic pollutants in the sediments of Xiamen and Victoria Harbours. Marine Pollut. Bull. 1995, 31(4), 229–236.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, J.L.; Fileman, T.W.; Evans, S.; Donkin, P.; Llewellyn, C., Readman, J.W. Fluoranthene and pyrene in the suspended particulate matter and surface sediments of the Humber Estuary, UK. Marine Pollut. Bull. 1998, 36(8), 587–597.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maskaoui, K.; Zhou, J.L.; Hong, H.S.; Zhang, Z.L. Contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Jiulong River Estuary and Western Xiamen Sea, China. Environ. Pollut. 2002, 118(1), 109–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mai, B.X.; Fu, J.M.; Sheng, G.Y.; Kang, Y.H.; Lin, Z.; Zhang, G.; Min, Y.S.; Zeng, E.Y. Chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in riverine and estuarine sediments from Pearl River Delta, China. Environ. Pollut. 2002, 117(3), 457–474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, M.; Feng, Z.; Guan, G.; Ma, Y.; Xu, H.; Li, H. DDT, PAH and PCB in sediments from the intertidal zone of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. Marine Pollut. Bull. 2001, 42(2), 132–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, M.; Baugh, P.J.; Hutchinson, S.M.; Yu, L.; Xu, S. Historical record and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in core sediments from the Yangtze Estuary, China. Environ. Pollut. 2000, 110(2), 357–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumard, P.; Budzinski, H.; Garrigues, P.; Dizer, H.; Hansen, P.D. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in recent sediments and mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the Western Baltic Sea: occurrence, bioavailability and seasonal variations. Mar. Environ Res. 1999, 47(1), 17–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maldonado, C.; Bayona, J.; Bodineau, L. Sources, distribution, and water column processes of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Northwestern Black Sea water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33(16), 2693–2702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sericano, J.L.; Brooks, J.M.; Champ, M.A.; Kennicuttii, M.C.; Makeyev, V.V. Trace contaminant concentrations in the Kara Sea and its adjacent rivers, Russia. Marine Pollut. Bull. 2001, 42(11), 1017–1030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, G.B.; Maruya, K.A.; Lee, R.F.; Lee, J.H.; Koh, C.H.; Tanabe S. Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from Kyeonggi Bay, Korea. Marine Pollut. Bull. 1999, 38(1), 7–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, Y.; Zhanga, J.; Zhoub, Q. Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments from Chinese river/estuary systems. Environ. Pollut. 1999, 105(1), 143–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L.P.; Chen, W.; Lin, L.M.; Hong, H.S. Concentrations and distribution of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in surface sediments of Xiamen Western Bay. Trop. Oceanol. 1996, 15(1), 91–95.
   Google Scholar
• Iwata, H.; Tanabe, S.; Sakai, N.; Nishimura, A.; Tatsukawa, R. Geographical distributions of persistent organochlorines in air, water and sediments from Asia and Oceania and their implications for global redistribution from lower latitudes. Environ. Pollut. 1994, 85(1), 15–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chevrevil, M.; Chesteriko, A.; Letolle, R. PCB pollution behavior in the River Seine. Water Res. 1987, 21(4), 427–434.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Zoest, R.; Van Eck, G.T.M. Occurrence and behavior of several groups of organic micropollutants in the Scheldt estuary. Sci Total. Environ. 1991, 103(1), 57–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus, J.M.; Renfrow, R.T. Pesticides and PCBs in South Carolina estuaries. Marine Pollut. Bull. 1990, 21(2), 96–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips, D.J.H.; Spies, R.B. Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the San Francisco estuarine ecosystem. Marine Pollut. Bull. 1988, 19(9), 445–453.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanabe, S.; Tatsukawa, R.; Kawano, M.; Hidaka, H. Global distribution and atmospheric transport of chlorinated hydrocarbons: HCH (BHC) isomers and DDT compounds in the western Pacific, eastern Indian and Antarctic Oceans. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan 1982, 38(3), 137–148.
   Google Scholar
• Burns, K.; Villeneuve, J.P. Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the open Mediterranean ecosystem and implications for mass balance calculation. Mar. Chem. 1987, 20(4), 337–359.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risebrough, R.W.; DeLappe, B.W.; Younghans-Haug, C. PCB and PCT contamination in Winter Querters Bay, Antarctica. Marine Pollut. Bull. 1990, 21(11), 523–529.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayris, S.; Currado, G.M.; Smith, D.; Harrad, S. GC/MS procedures for the determination of PCBs in environmental matrices. Chemosphere 1997, 35(5), 905–917.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar