Mitigation of greenhouse gases (CO₂) generated in the anaerobic digestion of physicochemical sludges using airlift photobioreactors operated with Chlorella spp.

References

• Zhou, W.; Wang, J.; Chen, P.; Ji, C.; Kang, Q.; Lu, B.; Li, K.; Liu, J.; Ruan, R. Bio-Mitigation of Carbón Dioxide Using Microalgal Systems: Advances and Perspectives. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2017, 76, 1163–1175. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López, L. A.; Martínez, S.; Corte, G.; Méndez, J. M. Influence of Organic Loading Rate on Methane Production in a CSTR from Physicochemical Sludge Generated in a Poultry Slaughterhouse. J. Environ. Sci. Health A 2014, 49, 1710–1717.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan-Chen, X.; Vinh-Thang, H.; Avalos-Ramirez, A.; Rodrigue, D.; Kaliaguine, S. Membrane Gas Separation Technologies for Biogas Upgrading. Rsc Adv. 2015, 5, 24399–24448. DOI: 10.1039/C5RA00666J.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shabnam, S.; R. G. Development of Photobioreactors for Improvement of Algal Biomass Production. Int. J. Scientif. Res. 2015, 50, 324–329.
   Google Scholar
• Siddiqui, S.; Rameshaiah, G. N.; Kavya, G. Development of Photobioreactors for Improvement of Algal Biomass Production. Int. J. Scientif. Res. 2015, 4, 220–225.
   Google Scholar
• Ward, A. J.; Lewis, D. M.; Green, F. B. Anaerobic Digestion of Algae Biomass: A Review. Algal Res. 2014, 5, 204–214. DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2014.02.001.
   Google Scholar
• Huang, Q.; Jiang, F.; Wang, L.; Yang, C. Design of Photobioreactors for Mass Cultivation of Photosynthetic Organisms. Engineering 2017, 3, 318–329. DOI: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raeesossadati, M. J.; Ahmadzadeh, H.; McHenry, M. P.; Moheimani, N. R. CO2 Bioremediation by Microalgae in Photobioreactors: Impacts of Biomass and CO2 Concentrations, light, and Temperature. Algal Resour. 2014, 6, 78–85. DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2014.09.007.
   Google Scholar
• Da Silva Vaz, B.; Costa, J. A. V.; Greque de Morais, M. Innovative Nanofiber Technology to Improve Carbon Dioxide Biofixation in Microalgae Cultivation. Bioresour. Technol. 2018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Da Neves, F.; de, F.; Hoinaski, L.; Rörig, L. R.; Derner, R. B.; de Melo Lisboa, H. Carbon Biofixation and Lipid Composition of an Acidophilic Microalga Cultivated on Treated Wastewater Supplied with Different CO2 Levels. Environ. Technol. 2018. DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1471103.
   Google Scholar
• Duarte, J. H.; de Morais, E. G.; Radmann, E. M.; Costa, J. A. V. Biological CO2 Mitigation from Coal Power Plant by Chlorella fusca and Spirulina sp. Bioresour. Technol. 2017, 234, 472–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, K.; Banerjee, D.; Das, D. Carbon Dioxide Sequestration from Industrial Flue Gas by Chlorella sorokiniana. Bioresour. Technol. 2014, 152, 225–233. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasiri, S.; Ulrich, A.; Prasad, V. Otimization of CO2 Fixation by Chlorella Kessleri Cultivated in a Closed Raceway Photo-Biorecator. Bioresour. Technol. 2015, 194, 144–155.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• NMX-AA-087-SCFI-2010. Water analysis-Test Method. 2010, 34–35.
   Google Scholar
• Liao, Q.; Li, L.; Chen, R.; Zhu, X. A Novel Photobioreactor Generating the Light/dark Cycle to Improve Microalgae Cultivation. Bioresour. Technol. 2014, 161, 186–191. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chioccioli, M.; Hankamer, B.; Ross, I. L. Flow Cytometry Pulse Width Data Enables Rapid and Sensitive Estimation of Biomass Dry Weight in the Microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella Vulgaris. PLoS One 2014, 9, e97269. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, S. S. Total Carbohydrate by Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Method. In: Food Analysis Laboratory Manual. Food Science Text Series. Springer, Cham. 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Horwitz, W. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. In Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC. No. Ed. 15, 2010; Vol. 2.
   Google Scholar
• Walker, J. M. The Lowry Method for protein quantitation. In The Protein Protocols Handbook. Springer, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Li, E.; Mira de Orduña, R. A Rapid Method for the Determination of Microbial Biomass by Dry Weight Using a Moisture Analyzer with an Infrared Heating Source and an Analytical Balance. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2010, 50, 283–288. DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02789.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery, D. C. Diseño y Análisis de Experimentos. 2nd ed.; Grupo Editorial Limusa Wiley S.A. de C.V.: México, 2014.; 45–222.
   Google Scholar
• Gong, Q.; Feng, Y.; Kang, L.; Luo, M.; Yang, J. Effects of Light and pH on Cell Density of Chlorella Vulgaris. Energy Procedia 2014, 61, 2012–2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.064.
   Google Scholar
• Ota, M.; Takenaka, M.; Sato, Y.; Smith, R.; Inomata, H. Effects of Light Intensity and Temperature on Photoautrophic Growth of a Green Microalga, Chlorococcum littorale. Biotechnol. Reports 2015, 7, 24–29. DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2015.05.001.
   Google Scholar
• Goncalves, A. L.; Simoes, M.; Pires, J. C. M. The Effect of Light Supply on Microalgal Growth, CO2 Uptake and Nutrient Removal from Wastewater. Energy Convers. Manag. 2014, 85, 530–536. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.085.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pires, J. C. M.; Gonçalves, A. L.; Martins, F. G.; Alvim-Ferraz, M. C. M. Simões, M. Effect of Light Supply on CO2 Capture from Atmosphere by Chlorella Vulgaris and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Chang 2013, 1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khalil, Z.; Asker, M. M.; El-Sayed, S.; Kobbia, I. A. Effect of pH on Growth and Biochemical Responses of Dunaliella bardawil and Chlorella ellipsoidea. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010, 26, 1225–1231. DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0292-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q.; Zhan, J. J.; Hong, Y. The Effects of Temperature on the Growth, lipid Accumulation and Nutrient Removal Characteristics of Chlorella sp. HQ. Desalination Water Treatment 2015, 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Zúñiga, A. R. Reduction of carbon footprint by Means of Chlorella sp. cultures in Photobioreactors. J. Technol. Possibilism 2013, 2, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Robles, J. C.; Sacramento, J. C.; Ruiz, A.; Baz, S.; Canedo, Y.; Narváez, A. Evaluation of Cell Growth, nitrogen Removal and Lipid Production by Chlorella vulgaris to Different Conditions of Aeration in Two Types of Annular Photobioreactors. Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 2016, 15, 361–377.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choix, F. J.; Ochoa, M. A.; Hsieh, M.; Mondragon, P.; Mendez, H. O. High Biomass Production and CO2 Fixation from Biogas by Chlorella and Scenedesmus Microalgae Using Tequila Vinasses as Culture Medium. J. Appl. Phycol. 2018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia, J. R.; Gao, K. S. Impacts of Elevated CO2 Concentration on Biochemical Composition, carbonic Anhydrase, and Nitrate Reductase Activity of Freshwater Green Microalgae. J. Integr. Plant Biol. 2005, 47, 668–675.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, Y. K.; Ho, C.; Lai, P. K.; Leung, C.; Ho, Y. M.; Lee, O. K.; Leung, H. M. A Study on Algal Growth Behaviour under Different Sparing Period of CO2 Supplementation. Conference Paper: 1st International Conference on Beneficial Uses of Algal Biomass (ICBUAB), Hong Kong, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Rost, B.; Riebesell, U.; Burkhardt, S.; Sultemeyer, D. Carbon Acquisition of Bloom-forming Marine Phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 2003, 48, 55–67. DOI: 10.4319/lo.2003.48.1.0055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tejeda, L.; Argumedo, D. H.; Alvear, M.; Saldarriaga, C. R. Characterization and Lipid Profile of Oil from Microalgae. Facultad de Ingeniería 2015, 24, 43–54.
   Google Scholar
• Chia, M. A.; Lombardi, A. T.; Melao, M. Growth and Biochemical Composition of Chlorella vulgaris in Different Growth Media. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 2013, 4, 1427–1438. DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201393312.
   Google Scholar
• Agwa, O. K.; Ibe, S. N.; Abu, G. O. Biomass and Lipid Production of a Fresh Water Algae Chlorella sp. using Locally Formulated Media. Int. Res. J. Microbiol. 2014, 3, 288–295.
   Google Scholar
• Chaudhary, R.; Tong, Y. W.; Dikshit, A. K. Kinetic Study of Nutrients Removal from Municipal Wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris in Photobioreactor Supplied with CO2-enriched Air. Environ. Technol. 2018. DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1508250.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shabani, M.; Sayadi, M. H.; Rezaei, M. R. CO2 Bio-sequestration by Chlorella Vulgaris and Spirulina platensis in Response to Different Levels of Salinity and CO2. Proc. Int. Acad. Ecol. Environ. Sci. 2016, 6, 53–61.
   Google Scholar
• Rodas, H. A.; Rodriguez, H.; Luna, A. I.; Alcala, J.; Vidales, J. A.; Biomass, F.,H. Production and Quality Estimation of Chlorella vulgaris (CLV2) under Large Scale Production Conditions. J. Exp. Biol. Agric. Sci. 2016, 4, 493–498.
   Google Scholar
• García-Cubero, R. Biomass production of microalgae rich in carbohydrates completed to the photosyntetic elimination of CO2. Ph.D. Thesis. Universidad de Sevilla: España, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Moreira, J. B.; Terra, A. L. M.; Costa, J. A. V.; Morais, M. G. Utilization of CO2 in Semi-continuous Cultivation of Spirulina sp. and Chlorella fusca and Evaluation of Biomass Composition. Braz. J. Chem. Eng. 2016, 33, 691–698. DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20160333s20150135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barajas, S. A. F.; Godoy, R. C. A.; Monroy, D. J. D.; Barajas, F. C.; Kafarov, V. Improvement of CO2 Sequestration by Chlorella vulgaris UTEX 1803 on Lab Scale Photobioreactors. Rev. Ion 2012, 25, 39–47.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, D.; Li, D.; Yuan, Y.; Zhou, L.; Li, X.; Wu, T.; Wang, L.; Zhao, Q.; Wei, W.; Sun, Y. Improving Carbohydrate and Starch Accumulation in Chlorella sp. AE10 by a Novel Two-stage Process with Cell Dilution. Biotechnol. Biofuels 2017, 10, 75 2–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar