Potential uses of phosphogypsum: A review

References

• IAEA. Radiation Protection and Management of NORM Residues in the Phosphate Industry. Safety Reports Series, No. 78, 2013. http://www.pub.iaea.org/MTCD/Publications/PDF/Pub1582_web.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mesić, M.; Brezinščak, L.; Zgorelec, Ž.; Perčin, A.; Šestak, I.; Bilandžija, D.; Trdenić, M.; Lisac, H. The Application of Phosphogypsum in Agriculture. Agric Conspectus Sci. 2016, 81, 7–13. DOI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/168426.
   Google Scholar
• US EPA. National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants—Subpart R. US EPA, Washington, DC, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, J.; Liu, W.; Zhang, L.; Xiao, B. Preparation of Load-Bearing Building Materials from Autoclaved Phosphogypsum. Constr. Build. Mater. 2009, 23, 687–693. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.02.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Yan, Y. Utilization of Original Phosphogypsum as Raw Material for the Preparation of Self-Leveling Mortar. J. Cleaner Prod. 2016, 127, 204–213. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, L. F. O.; Oliveira, M. L. S.; Crissien, T. J.; Santosh, M.; Bolivar, J.; Shao, L.; Dotto, G. L.; Gasparotto, J.; Schindler, M. A Review on the Environmental Impact of Phosphogypsum and Potential Health Impacts through the Release of Nanoparticles. Chemosphere 2022, 286, 131513. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reijnders, L. Cleaner Phosphogypsum, Coal Combustion Ashes and Waste Incineration Ashes for Application in Building Materials: A Review. Build. Environ. 2007, 42, 1036–1042. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.09.016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuryatnyk, T.; Da Luz, C. A.; Ambroise, J.; Pera, J. Valorization of Phosphogypsum as Hydraulic Binder. J. Hazard. Mater. 2008, 160, 681–687. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tayibi, H.; Choura, M.; López, F. A.; Alguacil, F. J.; López-Delgado, A. Environmental Impact and Management of Phosphogypsum. J. Environ. Manage. 2009, 90, 2377–2386. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.03.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashad, A. M. Phosphogypsum as a Construction Material. J. Cleaner Prod. 2017, 166, 732–743. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, L. F. O.; Hower, J.; Izquierdo, M.; Querol, X. Complex Nanominerals and Ultrafine Particles Assemblages in Phosphogypsum of the Fertilizer Industry and Implications on Human Exposure. Sci. Total Environ. 2010, 408, 5117–5122. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, L. F. O.; Pinto, D.; Oliveira, M. L. S.; Dotto, G. L. Dispersion of Hazardous Nanoparticles on Beaches around Phosphogypsum Factories. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2021, 169, 112493. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lütke, S. F.; Oliveira, M. L. S.; Silva, L. F. O.; Cadaval, T. R. S.; Dotto, G. L. Nanominerals Assemblages and Hazardous Elements Assessment in Phosphogypsum from an Abandoned Phosphate Fertilizer Industry. Chemosphere 2020, 256, 127138. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutherford, P.; Dudas, M.; Samek, R. Environmental Impacts of Phosphogypsum. Sci. Total Environ. 1994, 149, 1–38. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90002-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hund, L.; Bedrick, E. J.; Miller, C.; Huerta, G.; Nez, T.; Ramone, S.; Shuey, C.; Cajero, M.; Lewis, J. A Bayesian Framework for Estimating Disease Risk Due to Exposure to Uranium Mine and Mill Waste on the Navajo Nation. J. R. Stat. Soc. A 2015, 178, 1069–1091. DOI: https://rss.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/101111/rssa.12099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EU Council Directive. 2013/59/EURATOM, Official Journal of the European Union L 13/1, 17.1.2014.
   Google Scholar
• Kacimi, L.; Simon-Masseron, A.; Ghomari, A.; Derriche, Z. Reduction of Clinkerization Temperature by Using Phosphogypsum. J. Hazard. Mater. 2006, 137, 129–137. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.12.053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, W.; Zhou, M.; Zhao, Q. Study on Lime–Fly Ash–Phosphogypsum Binder. Constr. Build. Mater. 2007, 21, 1480–1485. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.07.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taher, M. A. Influence of Thermally Treated Phosphogypsum on the Properties of Portland Slag Cement. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2007, 52, 28–38. DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2007.01.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manjit, S.; Mridul, G. Study on Anhydrite Plaster from Waste Phosphogypsum for Use in Polymerised Flooring Composition. Constr. Build. Mater. 2005, 19, 25–29. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.04.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebbahi, T. S.; Ould-Chameikh, M. L.; Sahban, F.; Aride, J.; Benarafa, L.; Belkbir, L. Thermal Behaviour of Moroccan Phosphogypsum. Thermochim. Acta 1997, 302, 69–75. DOI: 10.1016/S0040-6031(97)00159-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouis, M. J.; Bensalah, A. Phosphogypsum Management in Tunisia: Environmental Problems and Required Solutions. In Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Phosphogypsum, Orlando, FL, FIPR Pub. No. 01-060-083;1, 1990, pp 87–105.
   Google Scholar
• Choura, M. Short and Medium Action Program III-Tunisia: Environmental Evaluation of the Treatment of Phosphate in the South Coastal Zone of Sfax. Municipally of Sfax, Internal report, Tunisia, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Degirmenci, N.; Okucu, A.; Turabi, A. Application of Phosphogypsum in Soil Stabilization. Build. Environ. 2007, 42, 3393–3398. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.08.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taha, R.; Seals, R. K. Engineering Properties and Potential Uses of by Product Phosphogypsum. In Proceedings of Utilization of Waste Materials in Civil Engineering Construction. American Society of Civil Engineering, New York, NY, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Burnett, W. C.; Elzerman, A. W. Nuclide Migration and the Environmental Radiochemistry of Florida Phosphogypsum. J. Environ. Radioact. 2001, 54, 27–51. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(00)00164-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernysh, Y.; Yakhnenko, O.; Chubur, V.; Roubík, H. Phosphogypsum Recycling: A Review of Environmental Issues, Current Trends, and Prospects. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 1575. DOI: 10.3390/app11041575.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, L. E.; Dhar, A.; Naeth, M. A.; Chanasyk, D. S.; Nichol, C. K. Effect of Soil Capping Depth on Phosphogypsum Stack Revegetation. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2022, 29, 50166–50176. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19420-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mas, J. L.; San Miguel, E. G.; Bolívar, J. P.; Vaca, F.; Pérez-Moreno, J. P. An Assay on the Effect of Preliminary Restoration Tasks Applied to a Large TENORM Wastes Disposal in the South-West of Spain. Sci. Total Environ. 2006, 364, 55–66. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.11.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lysandrou, M.; Charalambides, A.; Pashalidis, I. Radon Emanation from Phosphogypsum and Related Mineral Samples in Cyprus. Radiat. Meas. 2007, 42, 1583–1585. DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.04.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres-Sanchez, R.; Sanchez-Rodas, D.; Sanchez de la Campa, A. M.; de la Rosa, J. D. Hydrogen Fluoride Concentrations in Ambient Air of an Urban Area Based on the Emissions of a Major Phosphogypsum Deposit (SW, Europe). Sci. Total Environ. 2020, 714, 136891. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, M. L.; Ward, C. R.; Izquierdo, M.; Sampaio, C. H.; de Brum, I. A.; Kautzmann, R. M.; Sabedot, S.; Querol, X.; Silva, L. F. Chemical Composition and Minerals in Pyrite Ash of an Abandoned Sulphuric Acid Production Plant. Sci. Total Environ. 2012, 430, 34–47. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X. T.; Zeng, G. P.; Wang, S. M.; Deng, D. Investigation and Evaluation of the Radioactivity Level of Phosphogypsum in the Main Phosphate Ore Areas of Guizhou Province. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2020, 26, 44–47.
   Google Scholar
• Zha, X. F.; Qin, Y. J.; Wu, P.; Han, Z. W.; Li, X. X.; Ye, H. J.; Li, L. Geochemical Processes of Karst Groundwater under the Influence of Seepage from Phosphogypsum Storage Sites. Chinese J. Ecol. 2018, 37, 1708–1715.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, P.; Liu, J.; Zhu, J.; Li, Z. J.; Tian, M. Y.; Zhang, W. Effects of Heavy Metal Migration on Cultivated Land Quality and Pollution Risk Control in Phosphor and Gypso Storage Site in Karst Mountain Area. Bull. Soil Water Conserv. 2019, 39, 294–299.
   Google Scholar
• Ben Amor, R.; Gueddari, M. Major Ion Geochemistry of Ghannouch–Gabes Coastline (at Southeast Tunisia, Mediterranean Sea): Study of the Impact of Phosphogypsum Discharges by Geochemical Modeling and Statistical Analysis. Environ. Earth Sci. 2016, 75, 1-10. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-016-5666-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabaoui, L.; Balti, R.; Zrelli, R.; Tlig-Zouari, S. Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia) Using Four Mollusc Species. Medit. Mar. Sci. 2013, 15, 45–58. DOI: 10.12681/mms.504.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agoubi, B.; Gzam, M. Adverse Effects of Phosphate Industry on the Environment and Groundwater Geochemistry in the Ghannouch Field, Southeastern Tunisia. Am. J. Geophys. Geochem. Geosyst. 2016, 2, 51–63.
   Google Scholar
• Melki, S.; Gueddari, M. Impact Assessment of Phosphogypsum Leachate on Groundwater of Sfax-Agareb (Southeast of Tunisia): Using Geochemical and Isotopic Investigation. Hindawi J. Chem. 2018, 2018, 1–10. DOI: 10.1155/2018/2721752.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macías, F.; Pérez-López, R.; Cánovas, C. R.; Carrero, S.; Cruz-Hernandez, P. Environmental Assessment and Management of Phosphogypsum according to European and United States of America Regulations. Procedia Earth Planet. Sci. 2017, 17, 666–669. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeps.2016.12.178.
   Google Scholar
• Pérez-López, R.; Álvarez-Valero, A. M.; Nieto, J. M. Changes in Mobility of Toxic Elements during the Production of Phosphoric Acid in the Fertilizer Industry of Huelva (SW Spain) and Environmental Impact of Phosphogypsum Wastes. J. Hazard. Mater. 2007, 148, 745–750. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.06.068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez-Moreno, S.; Gázquez, M.; Pérez-López, R.; Vioque, I.; Bolívar, J. J. C. Assessment of Natural Radionuclides Mobility in a Phosphogypsum Disposal Area. Chemosphere 2018, 211, 775–783. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.193.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres-Sánchez, R.; Sánchez-Rodas, D.; Sanchez de la Campa, A. M.; Kandler, K.; Schneiders, K.; de la Rosa, J. D. Geochemistry and Source Contribution of Fugitive Phosphogypsum Particles in Huelva, (SW Spain). Atmos. Res. 2019, 230, 104650. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104650.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolivar, J. P.; Garcia-Tenorio, R.; Vaca, F. Radioecological Study of an Estuarine System Located in the South of Spain. Water Res. 2000, 34, 2941–2950. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00370-X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barros de Oliveira, S. M.; Cardoso da Silva, P. S.; Paci Mazzilli, B.; Teixeira Favaro, D. I.; Saueia, C. H. Rare Earth Elements as Tracers of Sediment Contamination by Phosphogypsum in the Santos Estuary, Southern Brazil. Appl. Geochem. 2007, 22, 837–850. DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2006.12.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haridasan, P. P.; Maniyan, C. G.; Pillai, P. M. B.; Khan, A. H. Dissolution Characteristics of 226Ra from Phosphogypsum. J. Environ. Radioact. 2002, 62, 287–294. DOI: 10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00011-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neves, M.; Abreu, M.; Figueiredo, V. J. E. Uranium in Vegetable Foodstuffs: Should Residents Near the Cunha Baixa Uranium Mine Site (Central Northern Portugal) Be Concerned? Environ. Geochem. Health 2012, 34, 181–189. DOI: https://link.springer.com/article/101007/s10653-011-9428-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Hwaiti, M.; Al-Khashman, O. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Tomato and Green Pepper Plants Grown in Soils Amended with Phosphogypsum Waste Materials. Environ. Geochem. Health 2015, 37, 287–304. DOI: 10.1007/s10653-014-9646-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akinyemi, S. A.; Gitari, W. M.; Petrik, L. F.; Nyakuma, B. B.; Hower, J. C.; Ward, C. R.; Oliveira, M. L. S.; Silva, L. F. O. Environmental Evaluation and Nano-Mineralogical Study of Fresh and Unsaturated Weathered Coal Fly Ashes. Sci. Total Environ. 2019, 663, 177–188. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duarte, A. L.; DaBoit, K.; Oliveira, M. L. S.; Teixeira, E. C.; Schneider, I. L.; Silva, L. F. O. Hazardous Elements and Amorphous Nanoparticles in Historical Estuary Coal Mining Area. Geosci. Front. 2019, 10, 927–939. DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2018.05.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasparotto, J.; Chaves, P. R.; da Boit Martinello, K.; Oliveira, L. F. S.; Gelain, D. P.; Moreira, J. C. F. Obesity Associated with Coal Ash Inhalation Triggers Systemic Inflammation and Oxidative Damage in the Hippocampus of Rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2019, 133, 110766. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gredilla, A.; Fdez-Ortiz de Vallejuelo, S.; Rodriguez-Iruretagoiena, A.; Gomez, L.; Oliveira, M. L. S.; Arana, G.; De Diego, A.; Madariaga, J. M.; Silva, L. F. O. Evidence of Mercury Sequestration by Carbon Nanotubes and Nanominerals Present in Agricultural Soils from a Coal Fired Power Plant Exhaust. J. Hazard. Mater. 2019, 378, 120747. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordin, A. P.; Da Silva, J.; De Souza, C.; Niekraszewicz, L. A. B.; Dias, J. F.; Da Boit, K.; Oliveira, M. L. S.; Grivicich, I.; Garcia, A. L.; Silva, L. F.; Da Silva, F. R. In Vitro Genotoxic Effect of Secondary Minerals Crystallized in Rocks from Coal Mine Drainage. J. Hazard. Mater. 2018, 346, 263–272. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• León-Mejía, G.; Machado, M. N.; Okuro, R. T.; Silva, L. F.; Telles, C.; Dias, J.; Niekraszewicz, L.; Da Silva, J.; Henriques, J. A. P.; Zin, W. A. Intratracheal Instillation of Coal and Coal Fly Ash Particles in Mice Induces Dna Damage and Translocation of Metals to Extrapulmonary Tissues. Sci. Total Environ. 2018, 625, 589–599. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, M. L.; Da Boit, K.; Schneider, I.; Teixeira, E.; Crissien, T.; Silva, L. F. Study of Coal Cleaning Rejects by FIB and Sample Preparation for HR-TEM: Mineral Surface Chemistry and Nanoparticle-Aggregation Control for Health Studies. J. Cleaner Prod. 2018, 188, 662–669. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.050.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez-Peña, N. E.; Narváez-Semanate, J. L.; Pabón-Patiño, D.; Fernández-Mera, J. E.; Oliveira, M. L.; Da Boit, K.; Tutikian, B.; Crissien, T.; Pinto, D.; Serrano, I.; et al. Chemical and Nano-Mineralogical Study for Determining Potential Uses of Legal Colombian Gold Mine Sludge: Experimental Evidence. Chemosphere 2018, 191, 1048–1055. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasparotto, J.; Chaves, P. R.; da Boit Martinello, K.; da Rosa-Siva, H. T.; Bortolin, R.; Silva, L. F.; Rabelo, T.; Da Silva, J.; Da Silva, F.; Nordin, A.; et al. Obese Rats Are More Vulnerable to Inflammation, Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Coal Dust Inhalation than Non-Obese Rats. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2018, 165, 44–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, M.; Izquierdo, M.; Querol, X.; Lieberman, R. N.; Saikia, B. K.; Silva, L. F. O. Nanoparticles from Construction Wastes: A Problem to Health and the Environment. J. Cleaner Prod. 2019, 219, 236–243. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.096.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oliveira, M. L.; Saikia, B. K.; da Boit, K.; Pinto, D.; Tutikian, B. F.; Silva, L. F. River Dynamics and Nanopaticles Formation: A Comprehensive Study on the Nanoparticle Geochemistry of Suspended Sediments in the Magdalena River, Caribbean Industrial Area. J. Cleaner Prod. 2019, 213, 819–824. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, L. F.; Santosh, M.; Schindler, M.; Gasparotto, J.; Dotto, G. L.; Oliveira, M. L.; Hochella, M. F., Jr. Nanoparticles in Fossil and Mineral Fuel Sectors and Their Impact on Environment and Human Health: A Review and Perspective. Gondwana Res. 2021, 92, 184–201. DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2020.12.026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saikia, M.; Das, T.; Dihingia, N.; Fan, X.; Silva, L. F.; Saikia, B. K. Formation of Carbon Quantum Dots and Graphene Nanosheets from Different Abundant Carbonaceous Materials. Diamond Relat. Mater. 2020, 106, 107813. DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2020.107813.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEPA. Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002). State Environmental Protection Administration of China, Beijing of Regula, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Manjit, S.; Mridul, G. Making of Anhydrite Cement from Waste Gypsum. Cem. Concr. Res. 2000, 30, 571–577. DOI: https://www.academia.edu/26980140/Making_of_anhydrite_cement_from_waste_gypsum.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smadi, M.; Haddad, R.; Akour, A. Potential Use of Phosphogypsum in Concrete. Cem. Concr. Res. 1999, 29, 1419–1425. DOI: 10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00107-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altun, A.; Sert, Y. Utilization of Weathered Phosphogypsum as Set Retarder in Portland Cement. Cem. Concr. Res. 2004, 34, 677–680. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.10.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornés, I. V.; Vaičiukynienė, D.; Nizevičienė, D.; Doroševas, V. The Improvement of the Water-Resistance of the Phosphogypsum by Adding Waste Metallurgical Sludge. J. Build. Eng. 2021, 43, 102861. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102861.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaghloul, Y. R. Investigation on Utilization of Phosphogypsum as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete. Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. 2019, 8, 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Han, G.; Zhang, J.; Sun, H.; Shen, D.; Wu, Z.; An, X.; Meye, S. M.; Huang, Y. Application of Iron Ore Tailings and Phosphogypsum to Create Artificial Rockfills Used in Rock-Filled Concrete. Buildings 2022, 12, 555. DOI: 10.3390/buildings12050555.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fornés, I. V.; Vaičiukynienė, D.; Nizevičienė, D.; Doroševas, V.; Michalik, B. A Comparative Assessment of the Suitability of Phosphogypsum from Different Origins to be Utilised as the Binding Material of Construction Products. J. Build. Eng. 2021, 44, 102995. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102995.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raut, S. P.; Patil, U. S.; Madurwar, M. V. Utilization of Phosphogypsum and Rice Husk to Develop Sustainable Bricks. Mater. Today: Proc. 2022, 60, 595–601. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.02.122.
   Google Scholar
• Paschoalin Filho, J. A.; Chaves, H. C.; Ghermandi, A.; Guerner Dias, A. J.; Carvalho, D.; Ribeiro, J. The Use of Phosphogypsum for Soil Bricks Manufacturing as an Alternative for Its Sustainable Destination. Res. Square 2022. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1526759/v1.
   Google Scholar
• Bouchhima, L.; Rouis, M.; Choura, M. A Study of Phosphogypsum—Crushing Sand Based Bricks. Int. J. Civil Struct. Environ. Infrastruct. Eng. Res. Dev. 2013, 3, 11–20. https://www.academia.edu/32665904/A_Study_of_Phosphogypsum_Crushing_Sand_Based_Bricks
   Google Scholar
• Ajam, L.; Ben Ouezdou, M.; Felfoul, S. H.; El Mensi, R. Characterization of the Tunisian Phosphogypsum and Its Valorization in Clay Bricks. Constr. Build. Mater. 2009, 23, 3240–3247. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.05.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, S. Fly Ash–Lime–Phosphogypsum Hollow Blocks for Walls and Partitions. Build. Environ. 2003, 38, 291–295. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-1323(02)00068-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degirmenci, Ν. Utilization of Phosphogypsum as Raw and Calcined Material in Manufacturing of Building Products. Constr. Build. Mater. 2008a, 22, 1857–1862. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.04.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garg, M.; Singh, M.; Kumar, R. Some Aspects of the Durability of a Phosphogypsum-Lime-Fly Ash Binder. Constr. Build. Mater. 1996, 10, 273–279. DOI: https://www.academia.edu/8231079/Some_aspects_of_the_durability_of_a_phosphogypsum-lime-fly_ash_binder..
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, J.; Gao, K.; Shu, Z.; Wang, Y.; Yan, C. Utilization of Waste Phosphogypsum to Prepare Non-Fired Bricks by a Novel Hydration–Recrystallization Process. Constr. Build. Mater. 2012, 34, 114–119. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhadauria, S.; Thakar, R. Utilization of Phosphogypsum in Cement Mortar and Concrete. 31st Conference on Our World in Concrete & Structures, Singapore, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, J.; Li, X.; Zhao, Y.; Shu, Z.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Shen, X. Preparation of Paper-Free and Fiber-Free Plasterboard with High Strength Using Phosphogypsum. Constr. Build. Mater. 2020, 243, 118091. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118091.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degirmenci, Ν. The Using of Waste Phosphogypsum and Natural Gypsum in Adobe Stabilization. Constr. Build. Mater. 2008b, 22, 1220–1224. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.01.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, C.; Sun, T.; Shui, Z.; Xie, Y.; Ye, Z. Physical Properties, Strength, and Impurities Stability of Phosphogypsum-Based Cold-Bonded Aggregates. Constr. Build. Mater. 2022, 331, 127307. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127307.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, T.; Lu, Y.; Luo, S.; Kong, D.; Fu, R. Effect of the Phosphogypsum Calcination Time on the Compressive Mechanical Properties of Phosphogypsum-Based Composite Cementitious Materials. Mater. Res. Express 2022, 9, 035506. DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ac5ef6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, T.; Malone, R. F.; Rusch, K. Stabilized Phosphogypsum: Class C Fly Ash: Portland II Cement Composites for Potential Marine Applications. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 3967–3973. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/101021/es010520%2B.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, T.; Miao, X.; Kong, D.; Wang, L.; Cheng, L.; Yu, K. Proportion and Performance Optimization of Lightweight Foamed Phosphogypsum Material Based on an Orthogonal Experiment. Buildings 2022, 12, 207. DOI: 10.3390/buildings12020207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paige-Green, P.; Gerber, S. An Evaluation of the Use of By-Product Phosphogypsum as a Pavement Material for Roads. South African Transport Conference, ‘Action in Transport for the New Millennium’, Conference Papers, 2000. https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/8295/73%20PaigeGreen.pdf?sequence=1.
   Google Scholar
• Folek, S.; Walawska, B.; Wilczek, B.; Miśkiewicz, J. Use of Phosphogypsum in Road Construction. Polish J. Chem. Technol. 2011, 13, 18–22. DOI: 10.2478/v10026-011-0018-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuadri, A.; Navarro, F.; García-Morales, M.; Partal, P. New Foamed/Modified Bitumen Using Phosphogypsum Waste. E&E Congress 2016, 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress, Prague, Czech Republic, 2016. https://www.h-a-d.hr/pubfile.php?id=895. DOI: 10.14311/EE.2016.018.
   Google Scholar
• Krishnan, D.; Janani, V.; Ravichandran, P.; Annadurai, R.; Gunturi, M. Effect of Fly Ash and Phosphogypsum on Properties of Expansive Soils. Int. J. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2014, 3, 592–596. DOI: https://www.academia.edu/6943848/Effects_of_Fly_Ash_and_PhosphoGypsum_on_Properties_of_Expansive_Soils.
   Google Scholar
• de Rezende, L. R.; Curado, T. D. S.; Silva, M. V.; Mascarenha, M.; Metogo, D. A. N.; Neto, M. P. C.; Bernucci, L. L. B. Laboratory Study of Phosphogypsum, Stabilizers, and Tropical Soil Mixtures. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2017, 29(1), 04016188. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001711.
   Google Scholar
• Li, B.; Wei, S.; Zhen, Y. An Effective Recycling Direction of Water-Based Drilling Cuttings and Phosphogypsum Co-Processing in Road Cushion Layer. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2020, 27, 17420–17424. 10.1007/s11356-020-08406-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diouri, C.; Echehbani, I.; Lahlou, K.; Omari, K.; Alaoui, A. Valorization of Moroccan Phosphogypsum in Road Engineering: Parametric Study. Mater. Today: Proc. 2022, 58, 1054–1058. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.01.084.
   Google Scholar
• Rakhila, Y.; Mestari, A.; Azmi, S.; Elmchaouri, A. Elaboration and Characterization of New Ceramic Material from Clay and Phosphogypsum. RJC 2018, 11, 1552–1563. DOI: http://doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2018.1144025.
   Google Scholar
• Contreras, M.; Teixeira, S.; Santos, G.; Gázquez, M.; Romero, M.; Bolívar, J. Influence of the Addition of Phosphogypsum on Some Properties of Ceramic Tiles. Constr. Build. Mater. 2018, 175, 588–600. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.04.131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghazel, N.; Saadaoui, E.; Ben Romdhane, C.; Chakir, N. H.; Abbes, N.; Grira, M.; Abdelkabir, S.; Aydi, S.; Abdallah, L.; Mars, M. Assessment of Phosphogypsum Use in a Nursery for Plant Propagation. Int. J. Environ. Stud. 2018, 75, 284–293. DOI: 10.1080/00207233.2017.1356631.
   Google Scholar
• Komnitsas, K.; Lazar, I.; Petrisor, I. G. Application of a Vegetative Cover on Phosphogypsum Stacks. Min. Eng. 1999, 12, 175–185. DOI: 10.1016/S0892-6875(98)00130-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mesić, M. Korekcija Suvišne Kiselosti Tla Različitim Vapnenim Materijalima. Correction of Excessive Soil Acidity with Different Liming Materials. Agric. Conspectus Sci. 2001, 66, 75–93. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/19140.
   Google Scholar
• Spiak, Z.; Gediga, K. Usefulness of Selected Mineral Wastes for Reclamation of Copper Industry Dumping site. Environ. Protect. Eng. 2009, 35, 80–87. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235671525_Usefulness_of_selected_mineral_wastes_for_reclamation_of_copper_industry_dumping_site.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdel-Fattah, M. K.; EL-Naka, E. S. Empirical Approach of Leaching Curves for Determining the Efficiency of Reclaiming Saline-Sodic Soils in Sahl El-Tina, Sinai, Egypt. IJPSS 2015, 8, 1–15. DOI: http://www.journalrepository.org/media/journals/IJPSS_24/2015/Aug/Fattah832015IJPSS18606.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Alva, A. K.; Sumner, M. E.; Miller, W. P. Reactions of Gypsum or Phosphogypsum in Highly Weathered Acid Subsoils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 1990, 54, 993–998. DOI: 10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400040010x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vyshpolsky, F.; Mukhamedjanov, K.; Bekbaev, U.; Ibatullin, S.; Yuldashev, T.; Noble, A. D.; Mirzabaev, A.; Aw-Hassan, A.; Qadir, M. Optimizing the Rate and Timing of Phosphogypsum Application to Magnesium-Affected Soils for Crop Yield and Water Productivity Enhancement. Agric. Water Manage. 2010, 97, 1277–1286. DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2010.02.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James, J.; Pandian, P. K. Plasticity, Swell-Shrink, and Microstructure of Phosphogypsum Admixed Lime Stabilized Expansive Soil. Adv. Civil Eng. 2016, 2016, 1–10. DOI: 10.1155/2016/9798456.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gennari, R. F.; Garcia, I.; Medina, N. H.; Silveira, M. G. 2011 Phosphogypsum Analysis: Total Content and Extractable Element Concentrations. Presented at the International Nuclear Atlantic Conference − INAC 2011, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/43/056/43056392.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Zhantasov, K.; Ziyat, A.; Sarypbekova, N.; Kirgizbayeva, K.; Iztleuov, G.; Zhantasov, M.; Sagitova, G.; Aryn, A. Ecologically Friendly, Slow-Release Granular Fertilizers with Phosphogypsum. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2022, 31, 2935–2938. DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/144099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhanbet, A.; Khusainov, A.; Elubaev, S. Environmental Safety for Chernozem Soil Fertilized with Phosphogypsum and Ash for Spring Wheat Cultivation in North Kazakhstan. MATEC Web Conf. 2016, 73, 03010. DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20167303010.
   Google Scholar
• Crusciol, C.; Artigiani, A.; Arf, O.; Carmeis Filho, A.; Soratto, R.; Nascente, N.; Alvarez, R. Soil Fertility, Plant Nutrition, and Grain Yield of Upland Rice Affected by Surface Application of Lime, Silicate, and Phosphogypsum in a Tropical no-till System. Catena 2016, 137, 87–99. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.09.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, M.; Liang, Z.; Ma, H.; Huang, L.; Wang, M. Responses of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and Yield to Phosphogypsum Amendment in Saline-Sodic Soils of North-East China. J. Food Agric. Environ. 2010, 8, 827–833.
   Google Scholar
• Li, J.; Wu, H. S.; Gao, Z. Q.; Shang, X. X.; Zheng, P. H.; Yin, J.; Kakpa, D.; Ren, Q. Q.; Faustin, O. K.; Chen, S. Y.; et al. Impact of Phosphogypsum Wastes on the Wheat Growth and co2 Emissions and Evaluation of Economic-Environmental Benefit. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2015, 36, 3099–3105.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prochnow, L.; Caires, E.; Rodrigues, E. C. Phosphogypsum Use to Improve Subsoil Acidity: The Brazilian Experience. Better Crops 2016, 100, 13–15. DOI: http://www.ipni.net/publication/bettercrops.nsf/0/BD6F609D14C8394C85257FB5006E2655/$FILE/BC-2016-2%20p13.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lei, L.; Gu, J.; Wang, X.; Song, Z.; Wang, J.; Yu, J.; Hu, T.; Dai, X.; XiE, J.; Zhao, W. Microbial Succession and Molecular Ecological Networks Response to the Addition of Superphosphate and Phosphogypsum during Swine Manure Composting. J. Environ. Manage 2021, 279, 111560. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattila, H. P.; Zevenhoven, R. Mineral Carbonation of Phosphogypsum Waste for Production of Useful Carbonate and Sulfate Salts. Front. Energy Res. 2015, 3, 48. DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2015.00048.
   Google Scholar
• Zevenhoven, R.; Morales-Floréz, V.; Santos, A. J.; Esquivias, L. Transforming Phosphogypsum Waste into Products with Market Value. In Progress towards the Resource Revolution; Ludwig, C., Valdivia, S., Eds.; World Resources Forum, 2019, pp 157–164. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2020102788521.
   Google Scholar
• Mulopo, J.; Ikhu-Omoregbe, D. Phosphogypsum Conversion to Calcium Carbonate and Utilization for Remediation of Acid Mine Drainage. J. Chem. Eng. Process Technol. 2012, 3(129), 2-6. DOI: 10.4172/2157-7048.1000129.
   Google Scholar
• Ennaciri, Y.; Mouahid, F. E.; Bendriss, A.; Bettach, M. Conversion of Phosphogypsum to Potassium Sulfate and Calcium Carbonate in Aqueous Solution. MATEC Web Conf. 2013, 5, 04006. DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20130504006.
   Google Scholar
• Hammas, I.; Horchani-Naifer, K.; Férid, M. Solubility Study and Valorization of Phosphogypsum Salt Solution. Int. J. Miner. Process. 2013, 123, 87–93. DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2013.05.008.
   Google Scholar
• Douahem, H.; Hammi, H.; Hamzaoui, A. H.; M’nif, A. Modeling and Optimization of Phosphogypsum Transformation into Calcium "Uoride Using Experimental Design Methodology”. J. Tunisian Chem. Soc. 2016, 18, 106–113. http://www.sctunisie.org/pdf/JSCT_v18-15.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Vaičiukynienė, D.; Nizevičienė, D.; Kielė, A.; Janavičius, E.; Pupeikis, D. Effect of Phosphogypsum on the Stability upon Firing Treatment of Alkali-Activated Slag. Constr. Build. Mater. 2018, 184, 485–491. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaičiukynienė, D.; Tamošaitis, G.; Kantautas, A.; Nizevičienė, D.; Pupeikis, D. Porous Alkali-Activated Materials Based on Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Ash with Addition of Phosphogypsum Powder. Constr. Build. Mater. 2021, 301, 123962. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123962.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, G.; Wu, A.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Li, J. Determination of Utilization Strategies for Hemihydrate Phosphogypsum in Cemented Paste Backfill: Used as Cementitious Material or Aggregate. J. Environ. Manage. 2022, 308, 114687. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaidajis, G.; Anagnostopoulos, A.; Garidi, A.; Mylona, E.; Zevgolis, I. E. Laboratory Evaluation of Phosphogypsum for Alternative Uses. Environ. Geotech. 2018, 5, 310–323. DOI: 10.1680/jenge.16.00040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anagnostopoulos, A.; Navarro, M.; Ahmad, A.; Ding, Y.; Gaidajis, G. Valorization of Phosphogypsum as a Thermal Energy Storage Material for Low Temperature Applications. J. Cleaner Prod. 2022, 342, 130839. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130839.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, J.; Lu, T.; Zhuang, Y.; Jin, H. A Novel Process to Recover Gypsum from Phosphogypsum. Materials 2022, 15, 1944. DOI: 10.3390/ma15051944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukaba, J. L.; Eze, C. P.; Pereao, O.; Petrik, L. F. Rare Earths’ Recovery from Phosphogypsum: An Overview on Direct and Indirect Leaching Techniques. Minerals 2021, 11, 1051. DOI: 10.3390/min11101051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cánovas, C. R.; Chapron, S.; Arrachart, G.; Pellet-Rostaing, S. Pellet-Rostaing, S. Leaching of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) and Impurities from Phosphogypsum: A Preliminary Insight for Further Recovery of Critical Raw Materials. J. Cleaner Prod. 2019, 219, 225–235. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, H.; Zhang, P.; Jin, Z.; DePaoli, D. Rare Earths Recovery and Gypsum Upgrade from Florida Phosphogypsum. Miner. Metall. Process. 2017, 34, 201–206. DOI: https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1437893.
   Google Scholar
• Lokshin, E.; Tareeva, O.; Elizarova, I. A Study of the Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Rare-Earth Elements, Phosphorus, and Alkali Metals from Phosphodihydrate. Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 2010, 83, 958–964. DOI: https://link.springer.com/article/101134/S1070427210060054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lütke, S. F.; Oliveira, M. L. S.; Waechter, S. R.; Silva, L. F. O.; Cadaval, T. R. S.; Jr., Duarte, F. A.; Dotto, G. L. Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Phosphogypsum. Chemosphere 2022, 301, 134661. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Didamony, H.; Ali, M.; Awwad, N.; Fawzy, M.; Attallah, M. Treatment of Phosphogypsum Waste Using Suitable Organic Extractants. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 2012, 291, 907–914. 10.1007/s10967-011-1547-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Didamony, H.; Gado, H. S.; Awwad, N. S.; Fawzy, M. M.; Attallah, M. F. Treatment of Phosphogypsum Waste Produced from Phosphate Ore Processing. J. Hazard. Mater. 2013, 244-245, 596–602. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.10.053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasser, M. S.; Ismail, Z. H.; Elgoud, E. A.; Hai, F. A.; Ali, O. I.; Aly, H. F. Process for Lanthanides-Y Leaching from Phosphogypsum Fertilizers Using Weak Acids. J. Hazard. Mater. 2019, 378, 120762. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genkin, M. V.; Evtushenko, A. V.; Komkov, A. A.; Safiulina, A. M.; Spiridonov, V. S.; Shvetsov, S. V.; Uralchem, J. S. C. Methods for Extracting Rare-Earth Metals and Preparing Gypsum Plaster from Phosphogypsum Hemihydrate. U.S. Patent 9,657,371, 2017. https://patents.google.com/patent/US9657371B2/en.
   Google Scholar
• Hopfe, S.; Konsulke, S.; Barthen, R.; Lehmann, F.; Kutschke, S.; Pollmann, K. Screening and Selection of Technologically Applicable Microorganisms for Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Fluorescent Powder. Waste Manag. 2018, 79, 554–563. 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.08.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fathollahzadeh, H.; Eksteen, J. J.; Kaksonen, A. H.; Watkin, E. L. J. Role of Microorganisms in Bioleaching of Rare Earth Elements from Primary and Secondary Resources. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2019, 103, 1043–1057. 10.1007/s00253-018-9526-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virolainen, S.; Repo, E.; Sainio, T. Recovering Rare Earth Elements from Phosphogypsum Using a Resin-in-Leach Process: Selection of Resin, Leaching Agent, and Eluent. Hydrometallurgy 2019, 189, 105125. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.105125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medennikov, O. A.; Shabelskaya, N. P.; Yakovenko, E. A.; Astakhova, M. N.; Chernysheva, G. M. 2022 Study of the Process of Processing Phosphogypsum to Obtain an Inorganic Luminescent Material. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 1010, 012128. DOI: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/101088/1755-1315/1010/1/012128/pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Sun, M.; Sun, Q.; Zhang, J.; Sheng, J. Surface Modification of Phosphogypsum and Application in Polyolefin Composites. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 2022, 1–14. DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20414-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essabir, H.; Nekhlaoui, S.; Bensalah, M. O.; Rodrigue, D.; Bouhfid, R.; Qaiss, A. e. k. Phosphogypsum Waste Used as Reinforcing Fillers in Polypropylene Based Composites: Structural, Mechanical and Thermal Properties. J. Polym. Environ. 2017, 25, 658–666. DOI: 10.1007/s10924-016-0853-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM C1072. Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Masonry Flexural Bond Strength; ASTM: USA, 2019.
   Google Scholar
• IS 1077:1992. Common Burnt Clay Building Bricks- Specification. Bureau of Indian Standards: India, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• López, F. A.; Gázquez, M.; Alguacil, F. J.; Bolívar, J. P.; García-Díaz, I.; López-Coto, I. Microencapsulation of Phosphogypsum into a Sulfur Polymer Matrix: Physico-Chemical and Radiological Characterization. J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 192, 234–245. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JC/T985-2005. Cementitious Self-Leveling Floor Mortar, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Islam, G. S.; Chowdhury, F. H.; Raihan, M. T.; Amit, S. K. S.; Islam, M. R. Effect of Phosphogypsum on the Properties of Portland Cement. Procedia Eng. 2017, 171, 744–751. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.440.
   Google Scholar
• JTG F80/1-2017. Highway Engineering Quality Inspection and Evaluation Standards [S], 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Kabata-Pendias, A. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. 4th ed. Taylor & Francis Group: Boca Raton, 2011. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/101201/b10158/trace-elements-soils-plants-alina-kabata-pendias.
   Google Scholar
• United States National Research Council. Mineral Tolerance of Animals. Subcommittee on Mineral Toxicity in Animals. 2nd ed. National Academic Press: Washington, DC, 2005, p 510.
   Google Scholar
• Blum, S. C.; Caires, E. F.; Alleoni, L. R. F. Lime and Phosphogypsum Application and Sulfate Retention in Subtropical Soils under No-Till System. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 2013, 13, 279–300. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162013005000024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoud, E.; Abd El-Kader, N. Heavy Metal Immobilization in Contaminated Soils Using Phosphogypsum and Rice Straw Compost. Land Degrad. Develop. 2015, 26, 819–824. DOI: 10.1002/ldr.2288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bituh, T.; Petrinec, B.; Skoko, B.; Vucic, Z.; Marovic, G. Measuring and Modelling the Radiological Impact of a Phosphogypsum Deposition Site on the Surrounding Environment. Arh. Hig. Rada. Toksikol. 2015, 66, 31–40. DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2015-66-2587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papastefanou, C.; Stoulos, S.; Ioannidou, A.; Manolopoulou, M. The Application of Phosphogypsum in Agriculture and the Radiological Impact. J. Environ. Radioact. 2006, 89, 188–198. 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.05.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dias, N. M. P.; Caires, E. F.; Pires, L. F.; Bacchi, M. A.; Fernandes, E. A. N. Radiological Impact of Phosphogypsum Surface Application in a no-till System in Southern Brazil. Pesq. Agropec. Bras. 2010, 45, 1456–1464. DOI: https://www.scielo.br/j/pab/a/CQTKhwgNxjhpLmr3X5mTzbG/?format = pdf&lang = en.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jowitt, S. M.; Werner, T. T.; Weng, Z.; Mudd, G. M. Recycling of the Rare Earth Elements. Curr. Opin. Green Sustain. Chem. 2018, 13, 1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2018.02.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rychkov, V. N.; Kirillov, E. V.; Kirillov, S. V.; Semenishchev, V. S.; Bunkov, G. M.; Botalov, M. S.; Smyshlyaev, D. V.; Malyshev, A. S. Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Phosphogypsum. J. Cleaner Prod. 2018, 196, 674–681. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haneklaus, N. H. Unconventional Uranium Resources from Phosphates. In Encyclopedia of Nuclear Energy; Elsevier, 2021, pp 286–291. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819725-7.00152-5.
   Google Scholar
• Ramirez, J. D.; Diwa, R. R.; Palattao, B. L.; Haneklaus, N. H.; Tabora, E. U.; Bautista, A. T.; VII; Reyes, R. Y. Rare Earths in Philippine Phosphogypsum: Use Them or Lose Them. Extractive Indus Soc. 2022, 10, 101082. DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2022.101082.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, F.; Ren, Y.; Qu, G.; Liu, S.; Chen, B.; Liu, X.; Zhao, C.; Li, J. Utilization Path of Bulk Industrial Solid Waste: A Review on the Multi-Directional Resource Utilization Path of Phosphogypsum. J. Environ. Manage. 2022, 313, 114957. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar