Enhanced inhibition of viral interferon induction by bioactivated aflatoxins

References

• Ciegler , A. , Burmeister , H.R. , Vesonder , R.F. and Hesseltine , C.W. 1981 . “ My‐cotoxins: occurrence in the environment ” . In My‐cotoxins and N‐Nitroso Compounds: Environmental Risks , Edited by: Shank , R.C. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Shank , R.C. 1981 . “ Environmental toxicoses in humans ” . In Mycotoxins and N‐Nitroso Compounds: Environmental Risks , Edited by: Shank , R.C. Volume I , 107 – 140 . Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Steyn , P.S. , Vleggaar , R. and Wessels , P.L. 1980 . “ The biosynthesis of aflatoxin and its congress ” . In The Biosynthesis of Mycotoxins , Edited by: Steyn , P.S. 105 – 155 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Richard , J.L. , Thurston , J.R. and Pier , A.C. 1975 . “ Mycotoxin‐induced alterations of immunity ” . In Microbiology‐1975 , Edited by: Schlessinger , D.C. 388 – 396 . Washington, D.C. : American Society for Microbiology .
   Google Scholar
• Singh , J. , Tiwari , R.P. , Singh , G. , Singh , S. and Vadehra , D. V. 1987 . Biochemical and immunological effects of aflatoxicosis in rabbits . Toxicol. Lett. , : 225 – 230 .
   Google Scholar
• Michael , G.Y. , Thaxton , P. and Hamilton , P.B. 1973 . Impairment of the retic‐uloendothelial system of chickens during aflatoxicosis . Poultry Sci. , 52 : 1206 – 1207 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thurston , J.R. , Deyoe , B.L. , Baetz , AL , Richard , J.L and Booth , G.D. 1974 . Effect of aflatoxin on serum proteins, complement activity, and the antibody response to Brucella abortis in guinea pigs . Amer. J. Vet. Res. , 35 : 1097 – 1100 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard , J.L. and Thurston , J.R. 1975 . Effect of aflatoxin on phagocytosis of Aspergillus fumigatus spores by rabbit alveolar macrophages . Appl. Mi‐crobiol , 30 : 44 – 47 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chang , C.F. and Hamilton , P.B. 1979 . Impaired phagocytes by heterophiles from chickens during aflatoxicosis . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 48 : 459 – 466 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edds , G.T. , Nair , K.P.C. and Simpson , C.F. 1973 . Effect of aflatoxin B1 on resistance in poultry against cecal coccidiosis and Marek's disease . Amer. J. Vet. Res. , 34 : 819 – 826 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton , P.B. and Harris , J.R. 1971 . Interaction of aflatoxicosis with Candida albicans infections and other stresses in chickens . Poultry Sci. , 50 : 906 – 912 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virdi , J.S. , Tiwari , R.P. , Saxena , M. , Khanna , V. and Singh , G. 1989 . Effects of aflatoxin on the immune system of the chicken . J. Appl. Toxicol , 9 : 271 – 275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pier , A.C. and Heddleston , K.L . 1970 . The effect of aflatoxin on immunity in turkeys and impairment of actively acquired resistance to bacterial challenge . Avian Dis. , 14 : 797 – 809 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Savel , H. , Forsyth , B. , Schaeffer , W. and Cordelia , T. 1970 . Effect of aflatoxin B1 upon phytohemagglutinin‐transformed human lymphocytes . Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. , 134 : 1112 – 1115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pier , A.C. , Heddleston , K.L , Cysewski , S.J. and Patterson , M. 1972 . Effect of aflatoxin on immunity in turkeys and reversal of impaired resistance to bacterial infections by passive transfer of plasma . Avian Dis. , 16 : 381 – 387 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaxton , J.P. , Tung , H.T. and Hamilton , P.B. 1974 . Immunosuppression in chickens by aflatoxin . Poultry Sci. , 53 : 721 – 725 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giambrone , J.J. , Evert , D.L. , Wyatt , R.D. and Edison , C.S. 1978 . Effect of aflatoxin on humoral and cell mediated immune system of chicken . Amer. J. Vet. Res. , 39 : 305 – 308 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahon , N. , Booth , J.A. and Stewart , J.D. 1979 . Aflatoxin inhibition of viral interferon induction . Antimkrob. Agents and Chemotherap. , 16 : 277 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor‐Papadimitriou , J. 1980 . “ Effects of interferon on cell growth and function ” . In Interferon , Edited by: Gresser , I. Volume 2 , 13 – 46 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• DeMaeyer , E. and DeMaeyer‐Guignard , J. 1967 . “ Effect of different carcinogenic agents on the production of interferon in tissue culture and in the animal ” . In Interferon , Edited by: Wolstenholme , G.E.W. and O'Connor , M. 218 – 229 . Boston : Little Brown .
   Google Scholar
• Hahon , N. and Eckert , H.L. 1976 . Depression of viral interferon induction in cell monolayers by asbestos fibers . Environ. Res. , 11 : 52 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahon , N. , Booth , J.A. and Pearson , D.J. 1980 . “ Inhibition of viral interferon induction in mammalian cell monolayers by metallic copper, aluminum, and nickel particles ” . In The In Vitro Effects of Mineral Dusts , Edited by: Brown , R.C. , Chamberlain , M. , Davis , R. and Gormby , I.P. 219 – 230 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hahon , N. , Booth , J.A. and Wheeler , R. 1982 . Activity of diesel engine emission particulates on the interferon system . Environ. Res. , 28 : 443 – 455 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahon , N. , Booth , J.A and Sepulveda , M.J. 1983 . Effects of lignite fly ash particulates and soluble components on the interferon system . Environ. Res. , 32 : 329 – 343 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sonnenfeld , G. , Hudgens , R.W. and Streips , U.N. 1983 . Effect of environmental carcinogenesis and other chemicals on murine alpha/beta interferon production . Environ. Res. , 31 : 355 – 361 .
   Google Scholar
• Hahon , N. and Booth , J.A . 1984 . Effect of chromium and manganese particles on the interferon system . J. Interferon Res. , 4 : 17 – 27 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hahon , N. 1985 . Inhibition of viral interferon induction in mammalian cell cultures by azo dyes and derivatives activated with rat liver S9 fraction . Environ. Res. , 37 : 228 – 238 .
   Google Scholar
• Hahon , N. and Booth , J.A . 1986 . Coinhibition of viral interferon induction by benzo[a]pyrene and chrysotile asbestos . Environ. Res. , 40 : 103 – 109 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahon , N. and Booth , J.A . 1987 . Silicate minerals and the interferon system . Environ. Res. , 43 : 395 – 409 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahon , N. and Booth , J.A . 1988 . Benzo[a]pyrene: kinetics of in vitro bioacti‐vation in relation to inhibition of viral interferon induction . J. Interferon Res. , 8 : 151 – 167 .
   Google Scholar
• Hahon , N. , Booth , J.A and Flowers , L. 1990 . Coinhibition of viral interferon induction by benzo[a]pyrene in association with occupation‐related particles . Environ. Res. , 52 : 83 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Sonnenfeld , G. 1986 . “ Interactions of the interferon system with cellular metabolism ” . In Clinical Applications of In‐terferons and Their Inducers , Edited by: Stringfellow , D.A. 43 – 59 . New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Ong , T‐M . 1975 . Aflatoxin mutagenesis . Mutation Res. , 32 : 35 – 53 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busby , WE Jr. and Wogan , G.N. 1978 . “ Food‐borne mycotoxins and alimentary mycotoxins and alimentary mycotoxicoses ” . In Food‐Borne Infections and Intoxications , Edited by: Riemann , H. and Byran , F.L. New York : Academic Press . chapter 10.
   Google Scholar
• Ueno , Y. and Kubota , K. 1976 . DNA‐attacking ability of carcinogenic myco‐toxins in recombination‐deficient mutant cells of Bacillus subtilis . Cancer Res. , 36 : 445 – 451 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueno , Y. , Kubota , K. , Ito , T. and Nakamura , Y. 1978 . Mutagenicity of carcinogenic mycotoxins in Salmonella typhimurium . Cancer Res. , 38 : 536 – 542 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hahon , N. and Booth , J.A. 1986 . Benzo[a]pyrene metabolites: effects on viral interferon induction . J. Interferon Res. , 6 : 591 – 602 .
   Google Scholar
• Degre , M. and Holberg‐Petersen , M. 1986 . Influence of carcinogenic agent, 7,12 dimethylbenzo (a) anthracene (DMBA), on production of interferon alpha/beta in murine and human cells . Acta Path. Microbiol. Immunol. , 94 : 51 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Hahon , N. , Booth , J.A. and Eckert , H.L . 1973 . Cell attachment and penetration by influenza virus . Infec. Immunol , 7 : 341 – 351 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips , H.J. 1973 . “ Dye exclusion test for cell viability ” . In Tissue Culture Methods and Applications , Edited by: Kruse , P.R. and Patterson , M.K. 406 – 408 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ames , B.N. , McCann , F. and Yamasaki , E. 1975 . Methods for detecting carcinogens and mutagens with the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity tests . Mutation Res. , 31 : 347 – 365 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry , O.H. , Rosebraugh , N.J. , Farr , A.L. and Randall , R.J. 1951 . Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent . J. Biol. Chem. , 193 : 265 – 275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockart , R.Z. Jr. 1973 . “ Criteria for acceptance of a viral inhibitor as an interferon and a general description of the biological properties of known inhibitors ” . In Interferons and Interferon Inducers , Edited by: Finter , N.B. 11 – 27 . Amsterdam : North‐Holland Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• WHO Expert Committee . 1984 . Standardization of interferons . Antiviral Res. , 14 : 75 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Hahon , N. 1981 . Hemadsorption and fluorescence determinations for assay of virus‐yield induction of interferon . Methods in Enzymol , 78 : 373 – 381 .
   Google Scholar
• Hahon , N. , Booth , J.A. and Eckert , H.L. 1975 . Interferon assessment by the immunofluorescent, immunoperoxidase, and hemadsorption cell‐counting techniques . Arch. Virol , 48 : 239 – 243 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Busby , W.F. Jr. and Wogan , G.N. 1981 . “ Aflotoxins ” . In Mycotoxins and N‐Nitroso Compounds: Environmental Risks , Edited by: Shank , R.D. 3 – 27 . Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Legator , M. 1966 . Biological effects of aflatoxin in cell culture . Bacteriol Rev. , 30 : 471 – 477 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wogan , G.N. 1969 . “ Metabolism and biochemical effects of aflatoxins ” . In Aflatoxin , Edited by: Goldblatt , L.A. 151 – 186 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Billings , P.C. , Heidelberger , C. and Landolph , J.R. 1985 . S‐9 metabolic activation enhances aflatoxin‐mediated transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 77 : 58 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vilcek , J. 1969 . Interferon . Virol Monogr. , 6 : 1 – 141 .
   Google Scholar
• Barnes , M.C. , Streips , U.N. and Sonnenfeld , G. 1981 . Effect of carcinogens and analogs on interferon induction . Oncology , 39 : 98 – 101 .
   Google Scholar
• Faltynek , C.R. and Baglioni , C. 1987 . “ Interferon induction of the antiviral state: early events ” . In Mechanisms of Interferon Action , Edited by: Pfeiffer , L.M. Volume I , 99 – 110 . Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Grossberg , S.E. 1987 . “ Interferons: an overview of their biological and biochemical properties ” . In Mechanisms of Interferon Action , Edited by: Pfeiffer , L.M. Volume I , 1 – 32 . Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Content , J. 1984 . “ The antiviral effect of interferon on cells ” . In Interferon. General and Applied Aspects , Edited by: Billiau , A. Volume I , 125 – 138 . The Netherlands : Elsevier Science .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , J.N. 1988 . Induction of an antiviral state by interferon and in the absence of elevated levels of 2,5‐oligo(A) synthetase and elF‐2 kinase . Virology , 162 : 118 – 127 .
   Google Scholar
• Shank , R.C. 1977 . Metallic activation of mycotoxins by animals and humans: an overview . J. Toxicol Environ. Health , 2 : 1229 – 1244 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu , F.L. , Bender , W. and Geronimo , I.H. 1990 . Base and sequence specificities of aflatoxin B1 binding to single‐and double‐stranded DNAs . Carcino‐genesis , 11 : 475 – 478 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner , R.C. , Miller , E.C. and Miller , J.A. 1972 . Liver microsomal metabolism of aflatoxin B1 to a reactive derivative toxic to Salmonella typhimurium, TA1530 . Cancer Res. , 32 : 2058 – 2066 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifford , J.I. and Rees , K.R. 1967 . The interaction of aflatoxins with purines and purine nucleosides . Biochem. J. , 103 : 467 – 471 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sporn , M.B. , Dingman , C.W. , Phelps , H.L. and Wogan , G.N. 1966 . Aflatoxin B1: binding to DNAin vitro and alterations of RNA metabolism in vivo . Science , 151 : 1539 – 1541 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelboin , H.V. 1980 . Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism, activation and carcinogene‐sis: role and regulation of mixed‐function oxidases and related enzymes . Physiol Rev. , 60 : 1107 – 1166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , C.N. and Garner , R.C. 1977 . Aflatoxin B1 ‐oxide generated by chemical and enzymatic oxidation of aflatoxin B1 causes guanine substitution in nucleic acids . Nature , 267 : 863 – 865 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , M.L. , Smith , S.P. Lindsay and Garner , R.C. 1987 . Aflatoxin Bi activation to a plasmid mutagen by a chemical model of cytochrome P‐450 . Mutation Res. , 176 : 11 – 20 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Please direct all correspondence to Dr. Nicholas Hahon, National Institutte of Occupational Safety and Health ‐ ALOSH, 944 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV 26505–2888.
   Google Scholar