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Toxic and Hazardous substance control

The design and construction of water sampling equipment, particularly soil throughflow collectors, suitable for acid deposition studies

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Pages 1843-1855 | Received 12 Aug 1994, Accepted 10 Mar 1995, Published online: 15 Dec 2008

References

  • Miller , H.G. , Unsworth , M.H.J. and Fowler , D. 1980 . “ Definitions and concepts ” . In Methods for Studying Acid Precipitation in Forest Ecosystems , 3 – 5 . I.T.E. Cambridge . ISBN 0–904282–36‐B
  • Fowler , D. and Cape , N.J. 1982 . “ Dry deposition of SO2 onto a Scots Pine forest ” . In Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition and Resuspension , Edited by: Pruppacher , H.R. , Semonin , R. E. and Slinn , W. G. N. 763 – 773 . Elsevier Science .
  • Ursworth , M.H. 1984 . Evaporation from forests in cloud enhances the effects of acid deposition . Nature , 312 : 262 – 264 .
  • Miller , H.G. 1980 . “ Throughfall and stemflow ” . In In Methods for Studying Acid Precipitation in Forest Ecosystems , 29 – 33 . Cambridge : I.T.E. . ISBN 0–904282–36‐B
  • Miller , H.G. and Miller , J.D. 1983 . The interaction of acid precipitation and forest vegetation in Northern Britain . Water Quality Bulletin , 8 : 121 – 127 .
  • Cronon , C.S. and Reiners , W.A. 1983 . Canopy processing of acidic precipitation by coniferous and hardwood forests in New England . Oecologia (Berlin) , 59 : 216 – 223 .
  • Lakhani , K.H. and Miller , H.G. 1980 . “ Assessing the contribution of crown leaching to the element content of rainwater beneath trees ” . In Effects of Acid Precipitation on Terrestrial Ecosystems , Edited by: Hutchison , T.C. and Havas , M. 161 – 172 . Plenum .
  • Nilsson , S.I. , Miller , H.G. and Miller , J.D. 1982 . Forest growth as a possible cause of soil and water acidification . Oikos , 39 : 40 – 49 .
  • Raison , R.J. and Khanna , P.K. 1982 . “ Modifications of rainwater chemistry by tree canopies and litter layers ” . In Predictions in Water Quality , Edited by: O'Loughlin , E.M. and Cullen , P.W. 69 – 86 . Australian Academy of Science .
  • Miller , H.G. 1984 . Deposition‐plant‐soil interactions , Vol. B305 , 330 – 352 . London : Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society .
  • Atkinson , T.C. 1978 . “ Techniques for measuring sub‐surface flow on hillslopes ” . In Hillslope Hydrology , Edited by: Kirkby , M.J. 73 – 120 . Wiley . chapter 3
  • Bache , B.W. 1984 . Soil‐water interactions , Vol. B305 , 393 – 407 . London : Philosophical Transactions ‐ Royal Society .
  • Hornung , M. 1985 . Acidification of soils by trees and forests . Soil Use and Management , 1 : 24 – 28 .
  • Bache , B.W. 1986 . Aluminium mobilization in soils and waters . Journal of Geological Society, London , 143 : 699 – 706 .
  • Reid , J.M. , MacLeod , D.A. and Cresser , M.S. 1981 . The assessment of chemical weathering rates within an upland catchment in North‐East Scotland . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms , 6 : 447 – 457 .
  • Wilson , M.J. 1986 . Mineral weathering processes in podzolic soils on granitic materials and their implications for surface water acidification . Journal of Geological Society, London , 143 : 691 – 697 .
  • Mason , B.J. and Seip , H.M. 1985 . The current state of knowledge on acidification of surface waters and guidelines for future research . Ambio , 14 : 45 – 51 .
  • Cosby , B.J. , Wright , R.F. , Hornberger , G.M. and Galloway , J.M. 1985 . Modelling the effects of acid deposition . Water Resource Research , 21 : 51 – 63 .
  • Neal , C. , Whitehead , P. , Neale , R. and Cosby , J. 1989 . Modelling the effects of acidic deposition and conifer afforestation in stream acidity in the British uplands . Journal of Hydrology , 106 : 155 – 175 .
  • Nipher , F.E. 1978 . On the detemination on the true rainfall in elevated gauges . Amer. Assoc. Advmt. Sci. , 27 : 105 – 108 .
  • Miller , H.G. and Miller , J.D. 1980 . “ Collection and retention of atmospheric pollutants by vegetation ” . In Proc. of Internat'l. Conf. on Ecological Impacts of Acid Precipitation , 33 – 40 . Norway : SNSF .
  • Miller , J.D. and Miller , H.G. 1976 . Apparatus for collecting rainwater and litterfall beneath forest vegetation . Laboratory Practice , 25 : 850 – 851 .
  • Whipkey , R.Z. 1965 . Subsurface stormflow from forested slopes . Bulletin of Internat'l. Assoc. of Science and Hydrology , 10 : 74 – 85 .
  • Whipkey , R.Z. 1969 . Storm runoff from forested catchments by sub‐surface routes . Bulletin of Internat'l. Assoc. of Science and Hydrology , 85 : 773 – 779 .
  • Knapp , B.J. 1973 . A system for the field measurement of soil water movement . British Geomorphological Research Group Bulletin No. , 9 : 73 – 120 .
  • Wheater , H.S. , Langan , S.J. , Miller , J.D. and Ferrier , R.C. 1987 . The Determination of Hydrological Paths and Associated Hydrochemistry in Forested Catchments in Central Scotland. , Publication no. 167 Vancouver : IAHS AISH .
  • Edwards , I.J. , Jackson , W.D. and Fleming , P.M. 1974 . Tipping bucket gauges for measuring run‐off from experimental plots . Agricultural Meteorology , 13 : 181 – 201 .
  • Calder , I.R. and Kidd , C.H.R. 1978 . A note on the dynamic calibration of the tipping bucket gauges . Journal of Hydrology , 39 : 383 – 386 .
  • Reynolds , B. and Stevens , P.A. 1986 . A simple stemflow collector and tipping bucket gauge for chemical flux measurements in forests. , Bulletin 36 British Geomorphological Research Group .
  • Gaskin , G.J. , Miller , J.D. and Stuart , A.W. The use of inexpensive automatic water collectors to study water fluxes during rainfall and snowmelt events . Journal of Environmental Science and Health , This issue
  • Bergman , G. 1986 . Preliminary background values of metals in groundwater in Sweden . Water Quality Bulletin , 11 (4) : 187 – 189 .

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