23
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Particle‐bound composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aerosol carbons in the ambient air

, , , &
Pages 585-604 | Received 12 Sep 1996, Accepted 25 Oct 1996, Published online: 15 Dec 2008

References

  • Hoffman , D. and Wynder , E.L. 1986 . Air Pollution; Volume II: Analysis, Monitorinc and Surveying , Edited by: Stern , A.C. 187 – 247 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Wolff , G. T. 1981 . Particulate Elemental Carbon in the Atmosphere . J. Air Pollute. Control Ass. , 31 : 935 – 938 .
  • Japar , S.M. , Bracaczec , W.W. , Gorse , R.A. Jr. , Norbeck , J.M. and Pierson , W.R. 1986 . The Concentration of Elemental Carbon to the Optical Protperties of Rural atmospheric Aerosols . Atmos. Environ. , 20 : 1281 – 1289 .
  • Novakov , T. 1984 . The Role of Soot and Primary Oxidation Atmospheric Chemistry . Sci. Total Environ. , 36 : 1 – 10 .
  • Ohta , S. and Okita , T. 1984 . Measurement of Particulate Carbon in Urban and Marine Air in Japanese Areas . Atmos. Environ. , 18 : 2439 – 2445 .
  • Kadowaki , S. 1990 . Characterization of Carbonaceous Aerosols in the Nagoya Urban Area. 1. Elemental and Organic Carbon Concentrations and the Origin of Organic Aerosols . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 24 : 741 – 744 .
  • Cadle , S.H. and Mulawa , P.A. 1990 . Atmospheric Carbonaceous Species Measurement Methods Comparison Study: General Motors Results . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 12 : 128 – 141 .
  • Turpin , B.J. , Huntzicker , J.J. , Larson , S.M. and Cass , G.R. 1991 . Los Angeles Summer Midday Particulate Carbon ; Primary and Secondary Aerosol . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 25 : 1788 – 1793 .
  • Nunes , T.V. and Pio , C.A. 1993 . Carbonaceous Aerosols in Industrial and Coastal Atmospheres . Atmos. Environ. , 27A : 1339 – 1346 .
  • Ogren , J.A. and Charlson , R.J. 1983 . Elemental Carbon in Atmosphere: Cycle and Life Time . Tellus , 35B : 241 – 254 .
  • Bjorseth , A. and Ramdahl , T. 1985 . Source and Emissions of PAH, Handbook of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons , 1 New York : Marcel Dekker Inc. .
  • Lee , W. J. , Wang , Y.F. , Lin , T.C. , Chen , Y.Y. , Lin , W.C. , Ku , C.C. and Cheng , T.J. 1995 . PAH Characteristics in the Ambient Air of Traffic‐Source . Sci. Total Environ. , 159 : 185 – 200 .
  • Tuominen , J. , Salomaa , S. , Pyysalo , H. , Skytta , E. , Tikkancen , L. , Nurmela , T. , Sorsa , M. , Pohjola , V. , Sauri , M. and Himberg , K. 1988 . Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds and Genotoxicity in Particulate and Vapor Phases of Ambient Air: Effect of Traffic, Season, and Meteorological Conditions . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 22 : 1228 – 1234 .
  • Westerholm , R.N. , Alsberg , T.E. , Frommelin , A.B. , Strandeil , M.E. , Rannug , U. , Winguist , L. , Grigoriadis , V. and Egeback , K.E. 1989 . Effect of Fuel Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Other Mutagenic Subs trance s from a Gasoline‐Fueled Automobile . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 22 : 925 – 930 .
  • Pyysalo , H. , Tuominen , J. , Wickstrom , K. , Skytta , E. , Tikkanen , L. , Salomaa , S. , Sorsa , M. , Nurmela , T. , Mattla , T. and Pohjola , V. 1987 . Polycyclic Organic Material (POM) in Urban Air: Fractionation, Chemical Analysis and Genotoxicity of Particulate and Vapor Phases in an Industrial Town in Finland . Atmos. Environ. , 21 : 117 – 1180 .
  • Henderson , T.R. , Sun , J.D. , Li , A.P. , Hanson , R.L. , Bechtold , W.E. , Harvery , T.M. , Shabanowitz , J. and Hunt , D.F. 1984 . GC/MS and MS/NS Studies of Diesel Exhaust Mutagenicity and Emissions from Chemically Difined Fuels . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 18 : 428 – 434 .
  • Lee , M.L. , Novotny , M.V. and Bartle , K.D. 1981 . Analytical Chemistry of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 441 – 449 . New York
  • Pierce , R.C. and Katz , M. 1975 . Dependence of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content on Size Distribution of Atmospheric Aerosols . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 9 : 347 – 353 .
  • Van Vaeck , L. , Broddin , G. and Van Cauwenberghe , K. 1979 . Differences in Particle Size Distributions of Major Organic Pollutants in Ambient Aerosols in Urban, Rural, and Seashore Areas . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 13 : 1494 – 1502 .
  • Van Vaeck , L. and Van Cauwenberghe , K.A. 1985 . Characteristic Parameters of Particle Size Distributions of Primary Organic Constituents of Ambient Aerosols . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 19 : 707 – 716 .
  • Katz , M. and Chan , C. 1980 . Comparative Distribution of Eight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aieborne Particulates Collected by Conventional High‐Volume Sampling and by Size Fractionation . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 14 : 838 – 843 .
  • Aceves , M. and Grimait , J.O. 1993 . Seasonally Dependent Size Distributions of Aliphaltic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Aerosols from Densely Populted Areas . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 27 : 2896 – 2908 .
  • Halsall , C.J. , Coleman , P.J. , Davis , B.J. , Burnett , V. , Waterhouse , K.S. , Harding‐Jones , P. and Jones , K.C. 1994 . Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in U.K. . Urban Air. Environ. Sci. Technol. , 28 : 2380 – 2386 .
  • Chen , S. J. , Hwang , P. S. and Hsieh , L. T. 1996 . The Height Variation and Particle Size Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Ambient Air . Toxicol. Environ. Chem. , July Accepted
  • MSP Corporation . Model 100 microorifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI tm) . U.S. Patent# 4321822 . 1989 . Instruction Manual, 1–14.
  • Marple , V.A. , Rubow , K.L. and Behm , S.M. 1991 . A Microorifice Umiform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI): Description, Calibration, and Use . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 14 : 434 – 446 .
  • Holsen , T.M. , Noll , K.E. , Liu , S.P. and Lee , W.J. 1991 . Dry Deposition of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Urban Areas . Environ. Sci. Techenol. , 25 : 1075 – 1081 .
  • Lee , W.J. 1991 . The Determination of Dry Deposition Velocities for Ambient Gases and Particles , 85 – 138 . chicago, IL : Illinois Institute of Technology . Ph.D. Thesis
  • Manchester‐Neesving , J.B. and Andren , A.W. 1989 . Seasonal Variation in Atmospheric Concentration of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Congeners . Environ. Sci Technol. , 23 : 1138 – 1148 .
  • Ohta , S. and okita , T. 1990 . A Chemical Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosol in Sapporo . Atmos. Environ. , 24A : 815 – 822 .
  • Hildemann , L.M. 1994 . Sources of Urban Contemporary Carbon Aerosol . Environ. Sci Technol. , 28 : 1565 – 1575 .
  • Cadle , S.H. and Groblicki , P.J. 1982 . An Evalution of Methods for the Determination of Organic and Elemental Carbon in Particulate Samples, in Particulate Carbon‐Atmospheric Life Cycle , Edited by: Wolff , G. T. and Klimisch , R.L. 89 – 109 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Shah , J.J. , Johnson , R.L. , Heyerdahl , J.J. and Huntzicker , J.J. 1986 . Carbonaceous Aerosol at Urban and Rural Sites in the United States . J. Air Pollute. Control Ass. , 36 : 254 – 257 .
  • Gray , H.A. and Cass , G.R. 1986 . Characteristics of Atmospheric Organic and Elemental Carbon Particle Concentrations in Los Angeles . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 20 : 580 – 589 .
  • Heitzenberg , J. and Covert , D. S. 1984 . Size Distribution of Elemental Carbon, Sulphur and Total Mass in the Radius Range 10exp(‐6) to 10exp(‐4) cm . Sci. Total Environ. , 36 : 289 – 297 .
  • Venkataraman , C. , Lyons , J.M. and Friedlander , S.K. 1994 . Size Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Elemental Carbon. 1.Sampling, Measurement Methods, and Source Characterization . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 28 : 555 – 562 .
  • Hildemann , L. M. , Markowski , G.R. and Jones , M.C. 1991 . Submierometer Aerosol Mass Distrubutions of Emissions from Boilers, Fireplaces, Automobiles, Diesel Turcks, and Meat‐Cooking Operations . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 14 : 138 – 152 .
  • To whom correspondence should be addressed

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.