Molecular Markers of Endocrine Disruption in Aquatic Organisms

References

• Andersen , H. R. , Vinggaard , A. M. , Rasmussen , T. H. , Gjermandsen , I. M. and Bonefeld-Jorgensen , E. C. 2002 . Effects of currently used pesticides in assays for estrogenicity, and ragen icrty, and aromatase activity in vitro . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 179 : 1 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen , M. J. , Miller , M. R. and Hintan , D. E. 1996 . In vitro modulation of 17ßestradiol-induced vitellogenin synthesis: Effects of cytochrome P4501A1 inducing compounds on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver cells . Aquat. Toxicol. , 34 : 327 – 350 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold , S. F. , Robinson , M. K. , Notides , A. C. , Cuillette , L. J. and McLachlan , J. A. 1996 . A yeast estrogen screen for examining the relative exposure of cells to natural and xenoestrogens . Environ. Health Perspect. , 104 : 544 – 548 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arukwe , A. , Celius , T. , Walther , B. T. and Coksoyr , A. 1998 . Plasma levels of vitellogenin and eggshell zona radiata proteins in 4-nonylphenol and o.p'-DDT treated juvenile atiantic salmon (Salmo salar) . Mar. Environ. Res. , 46 : 133 – 136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arukwe , A. , Celius , T. , Walther , B. T. and Coksoyr , A. 2000 . Effects of xenoestrogen treatment on zona radiata protein and vitellogenin expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) . Aquat. Toxicol. , 49 : 159 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arukwe , A. , Grotmol , T. , Haugen , T. B. , Knudsen , F. R. and Coksoyr , A. 1999 . Fish model for assessing the in vivo estrogenic potency of the mycotoxin zearalenone and its metabolites . Sci. Total Environ. , 236 : 153 – 161 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arukwe , A. , Kullman , S. W. , Berg , K. , Goksøyr , A. , in ton , H and D. E. 2002 . Molecular cloning of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggshell zona radiata protein complementary DNA: mRNA expression in 17-estradiol-and nonylphenol-treated fish . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (C) , 132 : 315 – 326 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arukwe , A. , Kullman , S. W. and Hinton , D. E. 2001 . Differential biomarker gene and protein expressions in nonylphenol and estradiol-17ß treated juvenile rainbow trout (Oncoryhnchus mykiss) . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (Q , 129 : 1 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arukwe , A. , Yadetie , F. , Male , R. and Coksoyr , A. 2001 . In vivo modulation of nonylphenol-induced zonagenesis and vitellogenesis by the antiestrogen, 3,3', 4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-77) in juvenile fish . Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , 10 : 5 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , M. E. 2001 . Adrenal and sex steroid receptor evolution: Environmental implications . J. Mol. Endocrine!. , 26 : 119 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Bardet , P. L. , Horard , B. , Robinson-Rechavi , M. , Laudet , V. and Vanacker , J. M. 2002 . Characterization of oestrogen receptors inzebrafish (Danio rerio) . J. Mol. Endocrinol. , 28 : 153 – 163 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barfield , M. L. , Farris , J. L. and Black , M. C. 2001 . Biomarker and bioaccumulation responses of Asian dams exposed to aqueous cadmium . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 63 : 495 – 510 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bauer , E. R. S. , Bitsch , N. , Brunn , H. , Sauerwein , H. and Meyer , H. H. D. 2002 . Development of an immunoimmobilized androgen receptor assay (IRA) and its application for the characterization of the receptor binding affinity of different pesticides . Chemosphere , 46 : 1107 – 1115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayley , M. , Junge , M. and Baatrup , E. 2002 . Exposure of juvenile guppies to three antiandrogens causes demasculinization and a reduced sperm count in adult males . Aquat. Toxicol. , 56 : 227 – 239 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Jonathan , N. and Steinmetz , R. 1998 . Xenoestrogens: The emerging story of bisphenol A . Trend's Endocrinol. Metab. , 9 : 124 – 128 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biaise , C. , Gagne , F. , Pellerin , J. and Hansen , P. D. 1999 . Determination of vitelllogenin-like properties in My arenaria hemolymph (Saguenay Fjord, Canada): A potential biomarker for endocrine disruption . Environ. Toxicol. , 14 : 455 – 465 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouma , J. and Nagler , J. J. 2001 . Estrogen receptor-alpha protein localization in the testis of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during different stages of the reproductive cyde . Biol. Reprod. , 65 : 60 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowman , C. J. and Denslow , N. D. 1999 . Development and validation of a species- and gene-specific molecular biomarker: Vitellogenin mRNA in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) . Ecotoxicology , 8 : 339 – 416 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowman , C. J. , Kroll , K. J. , Hemmer , M. J. , Folmar , L. C. and Denslow , N. D. 2000 . Estrogen-induced vitellogenin mRNA and protein in sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) . Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , 120 : 300 – 313 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley, B. P., Henry, T. R., Shrader, E. A., and Creeley, M. S. 2002. SETAC Europe 12th Annual Meeting, Vienna, Austria. May. Abstract 56-84.
   Google Scholar
• Bidwell , C. A. and Carlson , D. M. 1995 . Characterization of vitellogenin from white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus . J. Mol. Evol. , 41 : 104 – 112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brivio , M. F. , Bassi , R. and Cotelli , F. 1991 . Identification and characterization of the major components of the Oncorhynchus mykiss egg chorion . Mol. Reprod. Dev. , 28 : 85 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brzozowski , A. M. , Pike , A. C. W. , Dauter , Z. , Hubbard , R. E. , Bonn , T. , Engstrom , I. , Ohman , L. , Creene , G. L. , Gustafsson , J.-A. and Carlquist , M. 1997 . Molecular basis of agon ism and antagonism in the estrogen receptor . Nature , 389 : 753 – 758 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson , D. B. and Williams , D. E. 2001 . 4-Hydroxy-2',4',6'-trichlorobiphenyl and 4-hydroxy-2',3',4',5'-tetra- chlorobiphenyl are estrogenic in rainbow trout . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 20 : 351 – 358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celius , T. , Matthews , J. B. , Giesy , J. P. and Zacharewski , T. R. 2000 . Quantification of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) zona radia ta and vitellogenin mRNA levels using real-time PCR after in vivo treatment with estradiol-17 beta or alpha-zearalenol . J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. , 75 : 109 – 119 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celius , T. and Walther , B. T. 1998a . Oogenesis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) occurs by zonagenesispreceding vitellogenesis in vivo and in vitro . J. Endocrinol. , 158 : 259 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiang , E. F. L. , Van , Y. L. , Cuiguen , Y. , Postlethwait , J. and Chung , B. C. 2001 . Two Cyp19 (P450 aromatase) genes on duplicated zebrafish chromosomes are expressed in ovary or brain . Mol. Biol. Evol. , 18 : 542 – 550 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung , A. C. , Durica , D. S. , Clifton , S. W. , Roe , B. A. and Hopkins , P. M. 1998 . Cloning of crustacean ecdysteroid receptor and retinoid-X receptor gene homologs and elevation of retinoid-X receptor mRNA by retinoic acid . Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. , 139 : 209 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danielian , P. S. , White , R. , Lees , J. A. and Parker , M. C. 1992 . Identification of a conserved region required for hormone dependent transcriptional activation by steroid hormone receptors . EMBO ). , 11 : 1025 – 1033 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davail , B. , Pakdel , F. , Bujo , H. , Perazzolo , L. , Waclawek , M. , Schneider , W. and Le Menn , F. 1998 . Evolution of oogenesis: The receptor for vitellogenin from the rainbow trout . J. Lipid Res. , 3 : 1929 – 1937 .
   Google Scholar
• de Fur, P. L., Crane, M., lngersoll, C., and Tattersfield, L. 1999. Endocrine disruption in invertebrates: Endocrinology, testing, and assessment. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL.
   Google Scholar
• de Lafontaine , Y. , Gagne , F. , Biaise , C. , Costan , G. , Gagnon , P. and Chan , H. M. 2000 . Biomarkers in zébra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) for the assessment and monitoring of water quality of the St . Lawrence River (Canada). Aquat. Toxicol. , 50 : 51 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Giacco , L. , Vanoni , C. , Bonsignorio , D. , Duga , S. , Mosconi , C. , Santucci , A. and Cotelli , F. 1998 . Identification and spatial distribution of the mRNA encoding the gp49 component of the gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, egg envelope . Mol. Reprod. Dev. , 49 : 58 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Giacco , L. , Diani , S. and Cotelli , F. 2000 . Identification and spatial distribution of the mRNA encoding an egg envelope component of the Cyprin id zebrafish, Danio rerio, homologous to the mammalian ZP3 (ZPC) . Dev. Genes Evol. , 210 : 41 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denslow , N. D. , Bowman , C. J. , Ferguson , R. J. , Lee , H. S. , Hemmer , M. J. and Folmar , L. C. 2001 . Induction of gene expression in sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) treated with 17 beta-estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, or ethinylestradiol: The use of mRNA fingerprints as an indicator of gene regulation . Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , 121 : 250 – 260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denslow , N. D. , Lee , S. H. , Bowman , C. J. , Hemmer , M. J. and Folmar , L. C . 2001 . Multiple responses in gene expression in fish treated with estrogen . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (B) , 129 : 277 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Rosa , C. , Richter , P. , Pohl , H. and Jones , D. E. 1998 . Environmental exposures that effect the endocrine system: Public health implications . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 1 : 3 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagne, F., and Biaise, C. 2002. Unpub. SETAC Europe 12th Annual Meeting, May. Abstract number 56-O3.
   Google Scholar
• Gagne , F. , Biaise , C. , Pellerin , J. and Gauthier-Clerc , S. 2002 . Alteration of the biochemical properties of female gonads and vitellins in the dam Mya arenaria at contaminated sites in the Saguenay Fjord . Mar. Environ. Res. , 53 : 295 – 310 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagne , F. , Marcogliese , D. J. , Biaise , C. and Gendron , A. D. 2001 . Occurrence of compounds estrogenic to freshwater mussels in surface waters in an urban area . Environ. Toxicol. , 16 : 260 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelinas , D. and Callard , G. V. 1997 . Immunolocalization of aromatase- and androgen receptor-positive neurons in the goldfish brain . Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , 106 : 155 – 168 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gen , K. , Okuzawa , K. , Kumakura , N. , Yamaguchi , S. and Kagawa , H. 2001 . Correlation between messenger RNA expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase and its enzyme activity during oocyte development in the red seabream (Pagrus major) . Biol. Reprod. , 65 : 1186 – 1194 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheek , A. O. , Brouwer , T. H. , Carroll , S. , Manning , S. , McLachlan , J. A. and Brouwer , M. 2001 . Experimental evaluation of vitellogenin as a predictive biomarker of reproductive disruption . Environ. Health Perspect. , 109 : 681 – 690 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , J. S. , Cho , W. L. and Raikhel , A. S. 1994 . Analysis of mosquito vitellogenin cDNA similarity with vertebrate phosvitins and arthropod serum-proteins . J. Mol. Bid. , 237 : 641 – 647 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , T. T. , Reid , P. C. , Van Beneden , R. J. and Sonstegard , R. A. 1986 . Effect of Aroclor 1254 and mirexon estradiol-induced vitellogenin production in juvenile rainbow trout Can . J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , 43 : 169 – 173 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celius , T. and Walther , B. T. 1998b . Differential sensitivity of zonagenesis and vitellogenesis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to DDT pesticides.J . Exp. Zool. , 281 : 346 – 353 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chang , X. T. , Kobayashi , T. , Kajiura , H. , Nakamura , M. and Nagahama , Y. 1997 . Isolation and characterizatio of the cDNA encoding the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom): Changes in P450arom mRNA, protein and enzyme activity in ovarian follicles during oogenesis . J. Mol. Endocrinol. , 18 : 57 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang , X. T. , Kobayashi , T. , Todo , T. , lkeuchi , T. , Yoshiura , Y. , Kajiura-Kobayashi , H. , Morrey , C. and Nagahama , Y. 1999 . Molecular don ing of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the ovary of a teleost fish, the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) . Zool. Sci. , 16 : 653 – 658 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang , Y. S. , Hsu , C. C , Wang , S. C. , Tsao , C C. and Huang , F. L. 1997 . Molecular cloning, structural doning, structural analysis, and expression of ZP2 gene . Mol. Reprod. Dev. , 46 : 258 – 267 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang , Y. S. , Wang , S. C. , Tsao , C. C. and Huang , F. L. 1996 . Molecular doning, structural doning, structural analysis, and expression of carp ZP3 gene . Mol. Reprod. Dev. , 44 : 295 – 304 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Favrel , P. and Mathieu , M. 1996 . Molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding the precursor of Ala-Pro-Gly-Trp amide-related neuropeptides from the bivalve mollusc Mytilus edulis . Neurosel. Lett. , 205 : 210 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenske , M. , van Aerie , R. , Brack , S. , Tyler , C. R. and Segner , H. 2001 . Development and validation of a homologous zebrafish vitellogenin enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and its application for studies on estrogenic chemicals . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (C) , 129 : 217 – 232 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fent , K. , Ackermann , C. E. and Schwaiger , J. 2000 . Analysis of vitellogenin mRNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in juvenile fish exposed for 12 months to nonylphenol . Mar. Environ. Res. , 50 : 193
   Google Scholar
• Folmar , L. C. , Denslow , N. D. , Rao , V. , Chow , M. , Cain , A. D. , Enblom , J. , Marconi , J. and Cuillette , L. 1996 . Vitellogenin induction and reduced serum testosterone concentrations in feral male carp (Cyprinus carplo) captured near a major metropolitan sewage treatment plant Environ . Health Perspect. , 104 : 1096 – 1101 .
   Google Scholar
• Folmar , L. C. , Gardner , C. R. , Schreibman , M. P. , Magliulo-Cepriano , L. , Mills , L. J. , Zaroogian , C. , Cutjahr-Gobell , R. , Haebler , R. , Horowitz , D. B. and Denslow , N. D. 2001 . Vitellogenin-induced pathology in male summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) . Aquat. Toxicol. , 51 : 431 – 441 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folmar , L. C. , Hemmer , M. , Hemmer , R. , Bowman , C. , Kroll , K. and Denslow , N. D. 2000 . Comparative estrogenicity of estradiol, ethinyl estradiol and diethylstilbestrol, in an in vivo, male sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), vitellogenin bioassay . Aquat. Toxicol. , 49 : 77 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foran , C. M. , Bennett , E. R. and Benson , W. H. 2000 . Exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of different nonylphenol formulations in Japanese medaka . Mar. Environ. Res. , 50 : 135 – 139 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster , J. S. , Henley , D. C. , Bukovsky , A. , Seth , P. and Wimalasena , J. 2001 . Multifaceted regulation of cell cycle progression by estrogen: Regulation of Cdk inhibitors and Cdc25A independent of cyclin D1-Cdk4 function . Mol. Cell. Biol. , 21 : 794 – 810 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouchel , N. , Trichet , V. , Betz , A. , Le Pennec , J. P. and Wolff , J. 1996 . Characterization of vitalogenin from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) . Gene , 174 : 59 – 64 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mouchel , N. , Trichet , V. , Naimi , B. Y. , Le Pennec , J. P. and Wolff , J. 1997 . Structure of a fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss) vitellogenin gene and its evolutionary implication . Gene , 197 : 147 – 152 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munkittrick , K. R. , McMaster , M. E. , McCarthy , L. H. , Servos , M. R. and Van Der Kraak , C. J. 1998 . An overview of recent studies on the potential of pulp-mill effluents to alter reproductive parameters in fish . J. Toxicol. Environ. Heath B , 1 : 347 – 371 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibbs , P. E. , Pascoe , P. L. and Burt , G. R. 1988 . Sex change in the female dogwhelk, Nucella lapillus,induced by tributyltin from antifouling paints.7 . Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK , 68 : 715 – 731 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilroy , D. J. 2000 . Derivation of shellfish harvest reopening criteria following the New Carissa oil spill in Coos Bay, Oregon.7 . Toxicol Environ. Health A , 60 : 317 – 329 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goulas , A. , Triplet! , E. L. and Taborsky , G. 1996 . Isolation and characterization of a vitellogenin cDNA from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the complete sequence of a phosvitin coding segment . DNA Cell Biol. , 15 : 605 – 616 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gracey , A. Y. , Troll , J. V. and Somero , G. N. 2001 . Hypoxia-induced gene expression profiling in the euiyoxicfish Cillichthys mirabills . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 98 : 1993 – 1998 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , S. , Walter , P. , Kumar , V. , Krust , A. , Bornert , J. M. , Argos , P. and Chambon , P. 1986 . Human estrogen receptor cDNA-Sequence, expression and homology to v-erbA . Nature , 320 : 134 – 139 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guiguen , Y. , Baroiller , J. F. , Ricordel , M. J. , lseki , K. , McMeel , O. M. , Martin , S. A. and Postier , A. 1999 . Involvement of estrogens in the process of sex differentiation in two fish species: The rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) and a tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) . Mol. Reprod. Dev. , 54 : 154 – 162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagger , J. A. , Fisher , A. S. , Hill , S. J. , Depledge , M. H. and Jha , A. N. 2002 . Cenotoxic, cytotoxic and ontogenetic effects of tri-n-butyltin on the marine worm, Platynereis dumerilii (Polychaeta: Nereidae) . Aquat. Toxicol. , 57 : 243 – 255 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , J. M. , McDonnell , D. P. and Korach , K. S. 2002 . Allosteric regulation of estrogen receptor, function and coactivator recruitment by different estrogen response elements . Mol. Endocrinol. , 16 : 469 – 486 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halm , S. , Rand-Weaver , M. , Sumpter , J. P. and Tyler , C. R. 2001 . Cloning and molecular characterization of an ovarian-derived (brain-like) P450 aromatase cDNA and development of a competitive RT-PCR assay to quantify its expression in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) . Fish Physiol. Biochem. , 24 : 49 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , P.-D. , Dizer , H. , Hock , B. , Marx , A. , Sherry , J. , McMaster , M. and Biaise , C. 1998 . Vitellogenin- A biomarker for endocrine disrupters . Trends Anal. Chem. , 17 : 448 – 451 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins , R. , Angus , R. A. , McNatt , H. , Howell , W. M. , Kemppainen , J. A. , Kirk , M. and Wilson , E. M. 2001 . Identification of androstenedione in a river containing paper mill effluent . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 20 : 1325 – 1331 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeuchi , T. , Todo , T. , Kobayashi , T. and Nagahama , Y. 2002 . A novel progestogen receptor subtype in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica . FEBS Lett. , 510 : 77 – 82 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Islinger , M. , Pawlowski , S. , Hollert , H. , VoIkI , A. and Braunbeck , T. 1999 . Measurement of vitdlogenin-mRNA expression in primary cultures of rainbow trout hepatocytes in a non-radioactive dot blot/RNAse protection-assay . Sci. Total Environ. , 233 : 109 – 122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• James , M. O. , Hawkins , W. E. and Walker , W. W. 1994 . Phase 1 and phase 2 biotransformation and carcinogenicity of 2-acetylaminofluorene in medaka and guppy . Aquat. Toxicol. , 28 : 79 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janz , D. M. 2000 . “ Endocrine system ” . In The handbook of experimental animals: The laboratory fish , Edited by: Ostrander , C. K. 189 – 212 . Orlando, FL : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jha , A. N. , Hagger , J. A. , Hill , S. J. and Depledge , M. H. 2000 . Genotoxic, cytotoxic and developmental effects of tributyltin oxide (TBTO): An integrated approach to the evaluation of the relative sensitivities of two marine species . Mar. Environ. Res. , 50 : 565 – 573 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jobling , S. , Reynolds , T. , White , R. , Parker , M. C. and Sumpter , J. P. 1995 . A variety of environmental persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic . Environ. Health Perspect. , 503 : 582 – 587 .
   Google Scholar
• Pakdd , F. , Metivier , R. , Flouriot , G. and Valotaire , Y. 2000 . Two estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms with different estrogen dependencies are generated from the trout ER gene . Endocrinology , 141 : 571 – 580 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira , W. E. , Wade , T. L. , Hostettler , F. D. and Parchaso , F. 1999 . Accumulation of butyltins in sediments and lipid tissues of the Asian clam, Potamocorbula amurensis, near Mare Island Naval Shipyard, San Fransisco Bay . Mar. Pollut. Bull. , 38 : 1005 – 1010 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinter , J. and Thomas , P. 1995 . Characterization of a progestogen receptor in the ovary of the spotted sea trout, Cynoscion nebulosus . Biol. Reprod. , 52 : 667 – 675 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prat , F. , Coward , K. , Sumpter , J. P. and Tyler , C. R. 1998 . Molecular characterization and expression of two ovarian lipoprotein receptors in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss . Biol. Reprod. , 58 : 1146 – 1153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reith , M. , Munholland , J. , Kelly , J. , Finn , R. N. and Fyhn , H. J. 2001 . Lipovitellins derived from two forms of vitellogenin are differentially processed during oocyte maturation in haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).J . Exp. Zool. , 291 : 58 – 67 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ren , L. , Lewis , S. K. and Lech , J. J. 1996 . Effects of estrogen and nonylphenol on the post-transcriptional regulation of vitellogenin gene expression . Chem. Biol. Interact. , 100 : 67 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jobling , S. , Sheahan , D. , Osborne , J. A. , Matthiessen , P. and Sumpter , J. P. 1996 . Inhibition of testicular growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to environmental estrogens . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 15 : 194 – 202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones , P. D. , De Coen , W. M. , Tremblay , L. and Ciesy , J. P. 2000 . Vitellogenin as a biomarker of environmental estrogens . Water Sci. Technol. , 42 : 1 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorgensen , M. , Hummel , R. , Bevort , M. , Andersson , A. M. , Skakkebaek , N. E. and Leffers , H. 1998 . Detection of oestrogenic chemicals by assaying the expression level of oestrogen regulated genes . Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand. , 106 : 245 – 251 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaipia , A. and Hsueh , A. J. W. 1997 . Regulation of ovarian follicle atresia . Annu. Rev. Physiol. , 59 : 349 – 363 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanamori , A. 2000 . Systematic identification of genes expressed during early oogenesis in medaka . Mol.fteprod. Dev. , 55 : 31 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Katsu , Y. , Yamashita , M. and Nagahama , Y. 1999 . Translational regulation of cyclin B mRNA by 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (maturation-inducing hormone) during oocyte maturation in a tdeost fish, the goldfish (Carassius auratus) . Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. , 158 : 79 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawahara , T. , Okada , H. and Yamashita , 1 . 2000 . Cloning and expression of genomic and complementary DNAs encoding an estrogen receptor in medaka fish, Oryzias latipes . Zool. Sci. , 17 : 643 – 649 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazeto , Y. , Ijiri , S. , Matsubara , H. , Adachi , S. and Yamauchi , K. 2000 . Cloning of the 17 beta-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase-1 cDNAs from Japanese eel ovary . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 279 : 451 – 456 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppen-Berntsen , D. O. , Gram-Jensen , E. and Walther , B. T. 1992 . Zona radiata proteins are synthesized by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mylass) hepatocytes in response to estradiol-17ß . J. Endocrinol. , 135 : 293 – 302 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kester , M. H. A. , Bulduk , S. , van Toor , H. , Tibboel , D. , Meinl , W. , Glatt , H. , Falany , C. N. , Coughtrie , M. W. H. , Schuur , A. G. , Brouwer , A. and Visser , T. J. 2002 . Potent inhibition of estrogen sulfotrans-ferase by hydroxylated metabolites of polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons reveals alternative mechanism for estrogenic activity of endocrine disrupters . 7. Clin. Endocrinol. Me tab. , 87 : 1142 – 1150 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirma , N. , Gill , K. , Mandava , U. and Tekmal , R. R. 2001 . Overexpression of aromatase leads to hyperplasia and changes in the overexpression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, growth, and tumor suppressor functions in the mammary glands of transgenic mice . Cancer Res. , 61 : 1910 – 1918 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitano , T. , Ta kam une , K. , Kobayashi , T. , Nagahama , Y. and Abe , S. 1. 1999 . Suppression of P450 aromatase gene expression in sex-reversed males produced by rearing genetically female larvae at a high water temperature during a period of sex differentiation in the Japanese flounder (Paralkhthys olivaceus) . J. Mol. Endocrinol. , 23 : 167 – 176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , C. D. and Roszell , L. E. 1998 . Tributyltin modulates 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126)-induced hepatic CYP1A activity in channel catfish, lctalurus punctatus.) . Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 55 : 197 – 212 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice , C. D. and Xiang , Y. 2000 . Immune function, hepatic CYP1A, and reproductive biomarker responses in the gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, during dietary exposures to endocrine disrupters . Mar. Environ. Res. , 50 : 163 – 168 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson-Rechavi , M. , Marchand , O. , Escriva , H. , Bardet , P. L. , Zelus , D. , Hughes , S. and Laudet , V. 2001 . Euteleost fish genomes are characterized by expansion of gene families . Genome Res. , 11 : 781 – 788 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Ariza , A. , Alhama , J. , Diaz-Mendez , F. M. and Lopez-Barea , J. 1999 . Content of 8-oxodG in chromosomal DNA of Sparus aurata fish as biomarker of oxidative stress and environmental pollution . Mut. Res. Gen. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. , 438 : 97 – 107 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , S. A. , Llewellyn , L. , Wigham , T. and Sweeney , G. I. 2000 . Cloning of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) estrogen receptor-alpha gene . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 125 : 379 – 385 .
   Google Scholar
• Kitawaki , J. , Obayashi , H. , lshihara , H. , Koshiba , H. , Kusuki , I. , Kado , N. , Tsukamoto , K. , Hasegawa , G. , Nakamura , N. and Honjo , H. 2001 . Estrogen receptor-alpha gene polymorphism is associated with endometriosis, adenomyosis and leiomyomata . Hum. Reprod. , 16 : 51 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knudsen , F. R. , Arukwe , A. and Pottinger , A. 1998 . The in vivo effect of combinations of octylphenol, butyl-benzylphthalate and estradiol on the liver estradiol receptor modulation and induction of zona radia taproteins in rainbow trout: No evidence of synergy . Environ. Pollut. , 103 : 75 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korte , J. J. , Kahl , M. D. , Jensen , K. M. , Pasha , M. S. , Parks , L. C. , LeBlanc , C. A. and Ankley , C. T. 2000 . Fathead minnow vitellogenin: Complementary DNA sequence and messenger RNA and protein expression after 17ß-estradiol treatment . Environ. Toxieol. Chem. , 19 : 972 – 981 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krust , A. , Green , S. , Argos , P. , Kumar , V. , Walter , P. , Bornert , J. M. and Chambon , P. 1986 . The chicken estrogen receptor sequence-Sequence homology with v-erbA and the human estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors . EMBO J. , 5 : 891 – 897 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudo , N. , Miura , T. , Miura , C and Yamauchi , K. 2000 . Expression and localisation of eel testicular ZP-homologues in Japanese eels (Angu/7/a japonica) . Zool. Sci. , 17 : 1297 – 1302 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , R. S. , Ijiri , S. and Trant , J. M. 2000 . Changes in the expression of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes in the channel catfish (lctalurus punctatus) ovary throughout a reproductive cycle . Biol. Reprod. , 63 : 1676 – 1682 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwack , S. J. , Kwon , O. , Kim , H. S. , Kim , S. S. , Kim , S. H. , Sohn , K. H. , Lee , R. D. , Park , C. H. , Jeung , E. B. , An , B. S. and Park , K. L. 2002 . Comparative evaluation of alkylphenolic compounds on estrogenic activity in vitro and in vivo . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 65 : 419 – 431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon , J. Y. , McAndrew , B. J. and Penman , D. J. 2001 . Cloning of brain aromatase gene and expression of brain and ovarian aromatase genes during sexual differentiation in genetic male and female Nile tilapia Oreochromis nilotkus . Mol. Reprod. Dev. , 59 : 359 – 370 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon , J. Y. , Prat , F. , Randall , C. and Tyler , C. R. 2001 . Molecular characterization of putative yolk processing enzymes and their expression during oogenesis and embryogenesis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) . Biol. Reprod. , 65 : 1701 – 1709 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaFleur , C. J. , Byrne , B. M. , Kanungo , J. , Nelson , L. D. , Greenberg , R. M. and Wallace , R. A. 1995 . Fundulus heteroclitus vitellogenin: The deduced primary structure of a piscine precursor to noncrystalline, liquid-phase yolk protein . J. Mol. Evol. , 41 : 505 – 521 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Blanc , G. A. , Campbell , P. M. , den Besten , P. , Brown , R. P. , Chang , E. S. , Coats , J. R. , deFur , P. , Dhadialla , T. , Edwards , J. , Riddiford , L. M. , Simpson , M. C. , Snell , T. W. , Thorndyke , M. and Matsumura , F. 1999 . “ The endocrinology of invertebrates ” . In Endocrine disruption in invertebrates: Endocrinology,testing and assessment , Edited by: deFur , P. , Crane , M. and lngersoll , C. 23 – 106 . Pensacola, FL : Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry .
   Google Scholar
• Le Curieux-Belfond , O. , Moslem! , S. , Mathieu , M. and Seralini , G. E. 2001 . Androgen metabolism in oyster Crassostrea gigas: Evidence for 17 beta-HSD activities and characterization of an aromatase-like activity inhibited by pharmacological compounds and a marine pollutant . J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. , 78 : 359 – 366 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , M. O. , Kirn , E. O. , Kwon , H. J. , Kirn , Y. M. , Kang , H. J. , Kang , H. J. and Lee , J. E. 2002 . Radicicol represses the transcriptional function of the estrogen receptor by suppressing the stabilization of the receptor by heat shock protein 90 . Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. , 188 : 47 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , R. F. and Noone , T. 1995 . Effect of reproductive toxicants on lipovitdlin in female blue crabs, Callinectessapidus . Mar. Environ. Res. , 39 : 151 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Sharrock , W. J. , Rosenwasser , T. A. , Could , J. , Knott , J. , Hussey , D. , Gordon , J. I. and Banaszak , L. J. 1992 . Sequence of lamprey vitellogenin: Implications for the lipovitellin crystal structure . J. Mol. Biol. , 226 : 903 – 907 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheahan , D. A. , Brighty , C. C. , Daniel , M. , Jobling , S. , Harries , J. E. , Hurst , M. R. , Kennedy , J. , Kirby , S. J. , Morris , S. , Routledge , E. J. , Sumpter , J. P. and Waldock , M. J. 2002 . Reduction in the estrogenic activity of a treated sewage effluent discharge to an English river as a result of a decrease in the concentration of industrially derived surfactants . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 21 : 515 – 519 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safe , S. 1994 . Polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs)-environmental impact, biochemical and toxic responses,and implications for risk assessment . Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , 24 : 87 – 149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , S. , Tilton , F. , Schlenk , D. and Benson , W. H. 2000 . Comparative vitellogenic responses in three teleost species: Extrapolation to in situ field studies . Mar. Environ. Res. , 50 : 185 – 189 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiano , L. , Fedeli , D. , Moretti , M. and Falcioni , G. 2001 . DNA damage induced by organotins on troutnucleated erythrocytes . Appl. Organometal. Chem. , 15 : 575 – 580 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todo , T. , Adachi , S. and Yamauchi , K. 1996 . Molecular cloning and characterization of the Japanese eelestrogen receptor cDNA . Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. , 119 : 37 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todo, T., lkeuchi, T., Kobayashi, T., Kajiura-Kobayashi, H., Suzuki, K., Yoshikuni, M., Yamauchi, K., and Nagahama, Y. 2000. Characterization of a testicular 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (a spermiation-inducing steroid in fish) receptor from a teleost, Japaneseel (Angu/7/a japonica). FEBS iett.465:12-17.
   Google Scholar
• Thorn tan , J. W. 2001 . Evolution of vertebrate steroid receptors from an ancestral estrogen receptor by ligand exploitation and serial genome expansions . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 98 : 5671 – 5676 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherwood , N. M. , Parker , D. B. , McRory , J. E. and Lescheid , D. W. 1994 . “ Molecular evolution of growth hormone-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-rdaesing hormone ” . In Fish physiology , Edited by: Sherwood , N. M. and Hew , C. L. Vol. XIII , 3 – 66 . San Diego : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Simpson , M. C. , Parry , M. , Klienhairf , A. , Swarbreck , D. , Walker , P. and Leah , R. T. 2000 . Pathology of the liver, kidney and gonad of the flounder (Platichthys feus) from a UK estuary impacted by endocrine disrupting chemicals . Mar. Environ Res. , 50 : 283 – 287 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater , C. H. and Schreck , C. B. 1998 . Season and physiological parameters modulate salmonid leucocyte androgen receptor affinity and abundance . Fish Shellfish lmmunol. , 8 : 379 – 391 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronis , M. J. J. and Mason , A. Z. 1996 . The metabolism of testosterone by the periwinkle (Littorina littorea) in vitro and in vivo: Effects of tributyl tin . Mar. Environ. Res. , 42 : 161 – 166 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotchell , J. M. , Lee , J.-S. , Chipman , J. K. and Ostrander , G. K. 2001 . Structure, expression and activation of fish ras genes . Aquat. Toxicol. , 55 : 1 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotchell , J. M. , Unal , E. , Van Beneden , R. J. and Ostrander , G. K. 2001 . Induction of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene mutations in chemically induced liver tumors in medaka (Oryzlas latipes) . Mar. Btotechnol. , 3 : S44 – S49 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Routledge , E. J. and Sumpter , J. P. 1996 . Estrogenic activity of surfactants and some of their degradation products assessed using a recombinant yeast screen . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 15 : 218 – 248 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy , A. K. , Tyagi , R. K. , Song , C. S. , Lavrovsky , Y. , Ahn , S. C. , Oh , T. S. and Chatterjee , B. 2001 . Androgen receptor: Structural domains and functional dynamics after ligand-receptor interaction selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) . Ann. NY Acad. Sci. , 949 : 44 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safe , S. , Astroff , B. , Harries , M. , Zacherwski , T. , Dickerson , R. , Romkes , M. and Biegel , L. 1991 . TCDD and related compounds as antiestrogens: Characterization and mechanism of action . Pharmacol. Toxicol. , 69 : 400 – 409 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vyhlidal , C. , Samudio , l. , Kladde , M. P. and Safe , S. 2000 . Transcriptional activation of transforming growth factor a by estradiol: Requirement for both a GC-rich site and an estrogen response element half-site . J. Mol. Endocrinol. , 24 : 329 – 338 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trewitt , P. M. , Heilmann , L. J. , Degrugillier , S. S. and Kumaran , A. K. 1992 . The boll weevil vitellogenin gene-Nudeotide sequence structure and evolutionary relationship to nematode and vertebrate vitellogenin genes . J. Mol. Evol. , 34 : 478 – 492 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trichet , V. , Buisine , N. , Mouchel , N. , Moran , P. , Pendas , A. M. , Le Pennec , J. P. and Wolff , J. 2000 . Genomic analysis of the vitellogenin locus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reveals a complex history of gene amplification and retroposon activity . Mol. Gen. Genet. , 263 : 828 – 837 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang , H. , Yan , T. , Tan , J. T. and Gong , Z. 2000 . A zebrafish vitellogenin gene (vg3) encodes a novel vitellogenin without a phosvitin domain and may represent a primitive vertebrate vitellogenin gene . Gene , 256 : 303 – 310 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbondanza , C , Medici , N. , Nigro , V. , Rossi , V. , CaIIo , L. , Piluso , C. , Bdsito , A. , Roscigno , A. , BontEmpo , P. , Puca , A. A. , Molinari , A. M. , Moncharmont , B. and Puca , C. A. 2000 . The retinoblastoma-interacting zincfinger protEin RIZ is a downstream effector of estrogen action . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sd. USA , 97 : 3130 – 3135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abu-Qare , A. W. and Abou-Donia , M. B. 2001 . Biomarkers of apoptosis: Release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3, induction of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, increased 3-nitrotyrosine, and alteration of p53 gène . 7. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 4 : 313 – 332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen , Y. , Matthiessen , P. , Scott , A. P. , Hawoith , S. , Feist , S. and Thain , J. E. 1999 . The extent of estrogeni contamination in the UK estuarine and marine environments-Further surveys of flounder . Sci. Total Environ. , 233 : 5 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinberg , R. A. 1995 . The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control . Cell , 81 : 323 – 330 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters , K. M. , Safe , S. and Gaido , K. W. 2001 . Differential gene expression in response to methoxychlor and estradiol through ER alpha, ER beta, and AR in reproductive tissues of female mice . Toxicol. Sci. , 63 : 47 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , Y. , Hayward , S. W. , Donjacour , A. A. , Young , P. , Jacks , T. , Sage , J. , Dahiya , R. , Cardiff , R. D. , Day , M. L. and Cunha , G. R. 2000 . Sex hormone-induced carcinogenesis in Rb-deficient prostate tissue . Cancer Res. , 60 : 6008 – 6017 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trudeau , V. L. , Chiu , S. , Kennedy , S. W. and Brooks , R. J. 2002 . Octylphenol (OP) alters the expression of members of the amyloid protein family in the hypothalamus of the snapping turde, Chelydra serpentina . Environ. Health Perspect. , 110 : 269 – 275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai , C. L. , Wang , L. H. and Fang , L. S. 2001 . Estradiol and para-chlorophenylalanine downregulate the expression of the brain aromatase and estrogen receptor-alpha mRNA during the critical period of feminization in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) . Neuroendocrinology , 74 : 325 – 334 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unuma , T. , Okamoto , H. , Konishi , K. , Ohta , H. and Mori , K. 2001 . Cloning of cDNA encoding vitellogenin and its expression in red sea urchin, Pseudocentrotus depressus . Zool. Sci. , 18 : 559 – 565 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , H. and Gong , Z. 1999 . Characterization of two zebrafish cDNA clones encoding egg envelope proteins ZP2 and ZP3 . Biochim. Biophys. Acta , 1446 : 156 – 160 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang , F. , Hoivik , D. , Pollenz , R. and Safe , S. 1998 . Functional and physical interactions between the estrogen receptor SpI and nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor complexes . Nucleic Acids Res. , 26 : 3044 – 3052 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scholz , S. and Gutzeit , H. O. 2000 . 17-a-Ethinylestradiol affects reproduction, sexual differentiation and aromatase gene expression of the medaka (Oryzias latipes) . Aquat. Toxicol. , 50 : 363 – 373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Servos , M. R. 1999 . Review of the aquatic toxicity, estrogenic responses and bioaccumulation of alkylphenols and alkylphenol polyethoxylates . Wafer Qual. Res. J. Can. , 34 : 123 – 177 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smit , A. B. , Jimenez , C. R. , Dirks , R. W. , Croll , R. P. and Ceraerts , W. P. 1992 . Characterization of a cDNA done encoding multiple copies of the neuropeptide APGWamide in the mollusk Lymnaea stagnate.) . Neurosci. , 12 : 1709 – 1715 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan , Y. L. , Kunert , C. J. and Postiethwait , J. H. 1987 . Sequence homologies among the three ydk pdypeptide (Yp) genes in Drosophila melanogaster . Nucleic Acids Res. , 15 : 67 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang , W. J. , Ohira , T. , Tsutsui , N. , Subramoniam , T. , Huong , D. T. , Aida , K. and Wilder , M. N. 2000 . Determination of amino acid sequence and site of mRNA expression of four vrtdlins in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii . J. Exp. Zool. , 287 : 413 – 422 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yano , K. , Sakurai , M. T. , Izumi , S. and Tomino , S. 1994 . Vitellogenin gene of the silkworm, Bombyx mon-Structure and sex-dependent expression . FEBS Lett. , 356 : 207 – 211 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zacharewski , T. R. , Berhane , K. , Gillesby , B. E. and Burnison , B. K. 1995 . Detection of estrogen- and dioxin-like activity in pulp and paper mill black liquor and effluent using in vitro recombinant receptor/reporter gene assays . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 29 : 2140 – 2146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , V. , Green , S. , Stack , G. , Berry , M. , Jin , J. R. and Chambon , P. 1987 . Functional domains of the human estrogen-receptor . Cell , 51 : 941 – 951 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Socorro , S. , Power , D. M. , Olsson , P. E. and Canario , A. V. M. 2000 . Two estrogen receptors expressed in the teleost fish, Spams aurata: cDNA cloning, characterization and tissue distribution . J. Endocrinol. , 166 : 293 – 306 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sole , M. , Morcillo , Y. and Porte , C. 2000 . Stress-protein response in tributyltin-exposed dams . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 64 : 852 – 858 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soto , A. M. , Sonnesnschein , C. , Chung , L. K. , Fernandez , M. F. , Olea , N. and Serrano , F. O. 1995 . The A-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens: An update on estrogenic environmental pollutants . Environ. Health Perspect. , 103 : 113 – 122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber , L. P. , Kiparissis , Y. , Hwang , G. P. , Niimi , A. J. , Janz , D. M. and Metcalfe , C D. 2002 . Increased cellular apoptosis after chronic aqueous exposure to nonylphenol and quercetin in adult medaka (Oryzias latipes) . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (C) , 131 : 51 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells , K. and Van Der Kraak , G. 2000 . Differential binding of endogenous steroids and chemicals to androgen receptors in rainbow trout and goldfish . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 19 : 2059 – 2065 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wdshons , W. W. , Lieberman , M. E. and Gorski , J. 1984 . Nudear-localization of unoccupied estrogen receptors . Nature , 307 : 747 – 749 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wester , P. W. , Canton , J. H. and Bisschop , A. 1985 . Histopathological study of Poedlia reticulata (guppy) after long-term beta-hexachlorocyclohexane exposure . Aquat. Toxicol. , 6 : 271 – 296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westerlund , L. , Hyllner , S. J. , Schopen , A. and Olsson , P. E. 2001 . Expression of three vitelline envelope protein genes in Arctic char . Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , 122 : 78 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winn , R. N. , Norris , M. B. , Brayer , K. J. , Torres , C. and Muller , S. L. 2000 . Detection of mutations in transgenic fish carrying a bacteriophage lambda dl transgene target . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 97 : 12655 – 12660 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winn , R. N. , Norris , M. , Muller , S. , Torres , C and Brayer , K. 2001 . Bacteriophage lambda and plasmid pUR288 transgenic fish models for detecting in vivo mutations . Mar. Biotechnol. , 3 (suppl. 1) : 5185 – 5195 .
   Google Scholar
• Xia , Z. , Gale , W. L. , Chang , X. , Langenau , D. , Patino , R. , Maule , A. G. and Densmore , L. D. 2000 . Phylogenetic sequence analysis, recombinant expression, and tissue distribution of a channel catfish estrogen receptor ß1 . Gen. Comp. Endoainol. , 118 : 139 – 149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xing , H. and Shapiro , D. J. 1993 . An estrogen receptor mutant exhibiting hormone-independent transactivation and enhanced affinity for the estrogen response element . J. Biol. Chem. , 266 : 23227 – 23233 .
   Google Scholar
• Wellejus , A. and Loft , S. 2002 . Receptor-mediated ethinylestradiol-induced oxidative DNA damage in rat testicular cells . FASEB J. , 16 : 195 – 201 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong , Z. and James , M. O. 2000 . Purification and characterization of hepatic and intestinal phenol sulfotransferase with high affinity for benzo[a]pyrene phenols from channel catfish, lctalurus punctatus . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 376 : 409 – 419 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todo , T. , lkeuchi , T. , Kobayashi , T. and Nagahama , Y. 1999 . Fish androgen receptor: cDNA doning, steroid activation of transcription in transfected mammalian cells, and tissue mRNA levels . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 254 : 378 – 383 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touhata , K. , Kinoshita , M. , Tokuda , Y. , Toyohara , H. , Sakaguchi , M. , Yokoyama , Y. and Yamashita , S. 1999 . Sequence and expression of a cDNA encoding the red seabream androgen receptor . Biochem. Biophys.Acta , 1450 : 481 – 485 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touhata , K. , Kinoshita , M. , Toyohara , H. and Sakaguchi , M. 1998 . Sequence and expression of a cDNA encoding the red seabream estrogen receptor . Fish. Sci. , 64 : 131 – 135 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tränt , J. M. 1994 . Isolation and characterization of the cDNA encoding the channel catfish (lctalurus punctatus) from of cytochrome P450arom . Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , 95 : 155 – 168 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yadetie , F. , Arukwe , A. , Goksoyr , A. and Male , R. 1999 . Induction of hepatic estrogen -receptor in juvenile Atlantic salmon in vivo by the environmental estrogen, 4-nonylphenol . Sd. Total Environ. , 233 : 201 – 210 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sperrl , T. S. and Thomas , P. 2000 . Androgen binding profiles of two distinct nudear androgen receptors in Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus).J . Steroid Biochem Mol. Biol. , 73 : 93 – 103 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stifani , S. , Barber , D. L. , Nimpf , J. and Schneider , W. J. 1990 . A single chicken oocyte plasma membrane protein mediates uptake of very low density lipoprotein and vitellogenin . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 87 : 1955 – 1959 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumpter , J. P. and Jobling , S. 1995 . Vitellogenesis as a biomarker for estrogenic contamination of the aquatic environment Environ . Health Perspect. , 103 ( suppl.7 ) : 173 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Takeo , J. and Yamashita , S. 1999 . Two distinct isoforms of cDNA encoding rainbow trout androgen receptors . J. Biol. Chem. , 274 : 5674 – 5680 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanenbaum , D. M. , Wang , Y. , Williams , S. P. and Sigler , P. B. 1998 . Crystallographic comparison of the estrogen and progesterone receptor's ligand binding domains . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 95 : 5998 – 6003 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tchoudakova , A. , Pathak , S. and Callard , G. V. 1999 . Molecular doning of an estrogen receptor beta subtype from the goldfish, Carassius auratus . Cen. Comp. Endocrinol. , 113 : 388 – 400 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larkin , P. , Folmar , L. C. , Hemmer , M. J. , Poston , A. J. , Lee , H. S. and Denslow , N. D. 2002 . Array technology as a tool to monitor exposure of fish to xenoestrogens . Mar. Environ. Res. , 54 : 395 – 399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez , E. , Givel , F. and Wahli , W. 1991 . A common ancestor DNA motif for invertebrate and vertebrate hormone response elements . EMBOJ. , 10 : 263 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matejuk , A. , Dwyer , J. , Zamora , A. , Vandenbark , A. A. and Offner , H. 2002 . Evaluation of the effects of 17 beta-estradiol (17 beta-E2) on gene expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelrtis using DNA microarray . Endocrinology , 143 : 313 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews , J. and Zacharewski , T. 2000 . Differential binding affinities of PCBs, HO-PCBs, and Aroclors with recombinant human, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and green anole (Anolis carolinenesis) estrogen receptors, using a semi-high throughput competitive binding assay . Toxicol. Sci. , 53 : 326 – 339 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinney , J. D. and Waller , C. L. 1998 . Molecular determinants of hormone mimicry: Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon environmental agents . 7. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 1 : 27 – 58 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medici , N. , Abbondanza , C. , Nigro , V. , Rossi , V. , Piluso , G. , Bdsito , A. , GaIIo , L. , Roscigno , A. , Bontempo , P. , Puca , A. A. , Molinari , A. M. , Moncharmont , B. and Puca , G. A. 1999 . lndentification of a DNA binding protein cooperating with the estrogen receptor as RIZ (retinoblastoma interacting zinc finger protein) . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 264 : 983 – 989 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lye , C. M. , Frid , C. L. J. , Gill , M. E. and McCormick , D. 1997 . Abnormalities in the reproductive health of flounder Platichthys flesus exposed to effluent from a sewage treatment works . Mar. Pollut. Bull. , 34 : 34 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons , C. E. , Fayette , K. L. , Prince , J. L. and Huang , R. C. C. 1993 . Expression and structural analysis of a tdeost homolog of a mammalian zona pellucida gene . J. Biol. Chem. , 268 : 21351 – 21358 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma , C. H. , Dong , K. W. and Yu , K. L. 2000 . cDNA cloning and expression of a novel estrogen receptor beta-subtype in goldfish (Carassius auratus) . BBA-Cene Struct. Exp. , 1490 : 145 – 152 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Larsson , D. G. J. , Mayer , I. , Hyllner , S. J. and Forlin , L. 2002 . Seasonal variations of vitelline envelope proteins, vitellogenin, and sex steroids in male and female eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) . Gen. Comp. Enctocrinol. , 125 : 184 – 196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lattier , D. L. , Gordon , D. A. , Burks , D. J. and Toth , G. P. 2001 . Vitellogenin gene transcription: A relative quantitative exposure indicator of environmental estrogens . Environ. Toxieol. Chem. , 20 : 1979 – 1985 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazier , C. B. , Langley , S. , Ramsey , N. B. and Wright , J. M. 1996 . Androgen inhibition of vitellogenin gene expression in tilapia (Oreochromis nilotkus) . Cen. Comp. Endocrinol. , 104 : 321 – 329 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teo , B. Y. , Tan , N. S. , Lim , E. H. , Lam , T. J. and Ding , J. L. 1998 . A novel piscine vitellogenin gene: Structural and functional analyses of estrogen-inducible promoter . Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. , 146 : 103 – 120 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , P. 1990 . Teleost model for studying the effects of chemicals on female reproductive endocrine function . J. Exp. Zool. Suppl. , 4 : 126 – 128 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomas , H. E. , Stunnenberg , H. C. and Stewart , A. F. 1993 . Heterodimerization of the Drosophila ecdysone receptor with retinoid X receptor and ultraspiracle . Nature , 362 : 471 – 475 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas-Jones, E. 2002. SETAC Europe 12th Annual Meeting, May. Abstract 18-20.
   Google Scholar
• Lees , J. A. , Fawell , S. E. and Parker , M. G. 1989 . Identification of two transactivation domains in the mouse estrogen receptor . Nucleic Acids Res. , 17 : 5477 – 5488 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legier , J. , Broekhof , J. L. M. , Brouwer , A. , Lanser , P. H. , Murk , A. J. , Van der Saag , P. T. , Vethaak , A. D. , Wester , P. , Zivkovic , D. and Van der Burg , B. 2000 . A novel in vivo bioassay for (xeno-)estrogens using transgenic zebrafish . Environ. Sd. Technol. , 34 : 4439 – 4444 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Legier , J. , Jonas , A. , Lahr , J. , Vethaak , A. D. , Brouwer , A. and Murk , A. J. 2002 . Biological measurement of estrogenic activity in urine and bile conjugates with the in vitro ER-CALUX reporter gene assay . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 21 : 473 – 479 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Cuellec , K. , Lawless , K. , Valotaire , Y. , Kress , M. and Tenniswood , M. 1988 . Vitellogenin gene expression in male rainbow trout (Salmo galrdneri) . Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , 71 : 359 – 371 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donohoe , R. M. and Curtis , L. R. 1996 . Estrogenic activity of chlordecone, o,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDE in juvenile rainbow trout: Induction of vitellogenesis and interaction with hepatic estrogen binding sites . Aquat. Toxicol. , 36 : 31 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durica , D. S. and Hopkins , P. M. 1996 . Expression of the genes encoding the ecdysteroid and retinoid receptors in regenerating limb tissues from the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator . Gene , 171 : 237 – 241 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliot , J. A. K. , Bromage , N. R. and Whitehead , C. 1979 . Effects of estradiol-17ß on serum calcium and vitellogenin levels in rainbow trout 7 . Endocrinol. , 83 : 54 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Zahr , C. R. , Zhang , Q. , Hendricks , J. D. and Curtis , L. R. 2002 . Temperature-modulated carcinogenicity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rainbow trout J . Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 65 : 787 – 802 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escriva , H. , Safi , R. , Hanni , C. , Langlois , M. C. , Saumitou Laprade , P. , Stehelin , D. , Capron , A. , Pierce , R. and Laudet , V. 1997 . Ligand binding was acquired during evolution of nudear receptors . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 94 : 6803 – 6808 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menuet , A. , Pellegrini , E. , Anglade , l. , Biaise , V. , Laudet , V. , Kah , O. and Pakdel , F. 2002 . Molecular characterization of three estrogen receptor forms in zebrafish: Binding characteristics, transactivation properties, and tissue distributions . Biol. Reprod. , 66 : 1881 – 1892 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Micic , M. , Bihari , N. , Labura , Z. , Muller , W. E. G. and Batel , R. 2001 . Induction of apoptosis in the blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis by tri-n-butyltin chloride . Aquat. Toxicol. , 55 : 61 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monod , G. , De Mones , A. and Fostier , A. 1993 . Inhibition of ovarian microsomal aromatase and follicular oestradiol secretion by imidazole fungicides in rainbow trout . Mar. Environ. Res. , 35 : 153 – 157 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteiro , P. R. R. , Reis-Hanriques , M. A. and Coimbra , J. 2000 . Poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons inhibit in vitro ovarian steroidogenesis in the flounder (Platichthys flesus) . Aquat. Toxicol. , 47 : 549 – 559 .
   Google Scholar
• Morcillo , Y. and Porte , C. 1999 . Evidence of endocrine disruption in the imposex-affected gastropod Bolinus brandaris . Environ. Res. , 81 : 349 – 354 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morcillo , Y. and Porte , C. 2000 . Evidence of endocrine disruption in dams, Ruditapes decussata, transplanted to a tributyltin-polluted environment . Environ. Pollut. , 107 : 47 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murata , K. , Sasakai , T. , Yasumasu , S. , luchi , I. , Enami , J. , Yasumasu , I. and Yamagami , K. 1995 . Cloning of cDNAs for the precursor protein of a low molecular weight subunit of the inner layer of the egg envelope (chorion) of the fish Oiyzlas latipes . Dev. Biol. , 167 : 9 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munoz-Cueto , J. A. , Burzawa-Gerard , E. , Kah , O. , Valotaire , Y. and Pakdd , F. 1999 . Cloning and sequencing of the gilthead seabream estrogen receptor cDNA . DNA Sequence , 10 : 75 – 84 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin , T. M. , Lee , J.-S. , Kohler , A. and Chipman , J. K. 2000 . Analysis of mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and Ki- and Ha-ras proto-oncogenes in hepatic tumours of European flounder (Plafichthvs (Jesus) . Mar. Environ. Res. , 50 : 251 – 255 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funkenstein , B. , Bowman , C. J. , Denslow , N. D. , Cardinal! , M. and Carnevali , O. 2000 . Contrasting effects of estrogen on transthyretin and vitellogenin expression in males of the marine fish, Spams aura ta . Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. , 167 : 33 – 41 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabbianelli , R. , Villarini , M. , Falcioni , G. and Lupidi , G. 2002 . Effect of different organotin compounds on DNA of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) erythrocytes assessed by the comet assay . Appl. Organome-tallkChem. , 16 : 163 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Gagne , F. and Biaise , C. 1998 . Estrogenic properties of municipal and industrial wastewaters evaluated with a rapid and sensitive chemoluminescent in situ hybridisation assay (CISH) in rainbow trout hepatocytes . Aquat. Toxicol. , 44 : 83 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagne , F. and Biaise , C. 2000 . Evaluation of environmental estrogens with a fish cell line . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 65 : 494 – 500 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin , E. R. 2002 . Cellular functions of plasma membrane estrogen receptors . Steroids , 67 : 471 – 475 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis , A. J. , Walle , U. K. , King , R. S. , Kadlubar , F. F. , Falany , C. N. and Walle , T. 1998 . Bioactivation of the cooked food mutagen N-hydroxy-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine by estrogen sulfotransferase in cultured human mammary epithelial cells . Carcinogenesis , 19 : 2049 – 2053 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , Q. , Osada , M. , Suzuki , T. and Mori , K. 1998 . Changes in vrtellin during oogenesis and effect of estradiol-17 beta on vitdlogenesis in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas . Invert. Reprod. Dev. , 33 : 87 – 93 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao , D. Z. , Hou , X. , Bai , S. , Li , S. A. and Li , J. J. 2000 . Unusual deregulation of cell cycle components in early and frank estrogen-induced renal neoplasias in the Syrian hamster . Carc/nogenes/s , 21 : 2167 – 2173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liehr , J. C. 1990 . Cenotoxic effects of oestrogens . Mutat. Res. , 238 : 269 – 276 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murata , K. , Sugiyama , H. , Yasumasu , S. , luchi , I. and Yamagami , K. 1997 . Cloning of cDNA and estrogen-induced hepatic gene expression for choriogenin H, a precursor protein of the fish egg envelope (chorion) . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 94 : 2050 – 2055 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murk , A. J. , Legier , J. , van Lipzig , M. M. H. , Meerman , J. H. N. , Belfroid , A. C. , Spenkelink , A. , van der Burg , B. , Rijs , G. B. J. and Vethaak , D. 2002 . Detection of estrogenic potency in wastewater and surface water with three in vitro bioassays . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 21 : 16 – 23 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolas , J.-M. 1999 . Vitellogenesis in fish and the effects of polycydie aromatic hydrocarbon contaminants . Aquat. Toxicol. , 45 : 77 – 90 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noaksson , E. , Tjarnlund , U. , Bosveld , A. T. C. and Balk , L. 2001 . Evidence for endocrine disruption in perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) in a remote Swedish lake in the vicinity of a public refuse dump . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 174 : 160 – 176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberdorster , E. , Cottam , D. M. , Wilmot , F. A. , Milner , M. J. and McLachlan , J. A. 1999 . Interaction of PAHs and PCBs with ecdysone-dependent gene expression and cell proliferation . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 160 : 101 – 108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberdorster , E. , Rice , C. D. and Irwin , L. K. 2000 . Purification of vitdlin from grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugjo, generation of monoclonal antibodies, validation for the detection of lipovitellin in Crustacea . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (C) , 127 : 199 – 207 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberdorster , E. , Rittschof , D. and McClellan-Green , P. 1998 . Testosterone metabolism in imposex and normal llyanassa obsoleta: Comparison of field and TBTA Cl-induced imposex . Mar. Pollut. Bull. , 36 : 144 – 155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oehlmann, J., Schulte-Oehlmann, U., TilImann, M., and Markert, B. 2000. Effects of endocrine disrupters on plasmobranch snails in the laboratory. Part I: Bisphenol A and octylphenol as xeno-estrogens. Ecotoxicology 9:383-397.
   Google Scholar
• Olmstead , A. W. and LeBlanc , G. L. 2001 . Low exposure concentration effects of methoprene on endocrine-regulated processes in the crustacean Daphnia magna . Toxicol. Sci. , 62 : 268 – 273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppen-Berntsen , D. O. , Arukwe , A. , Yadetie , F. , Lorens , J. B. and Male , R. 1999 . Salmon eggshell protein expression: A marker for environmental estrogens . Mar. Biotechnol. , 1 : 252 – 260 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harries , J. E. , Janbakhsh , A. , Jobling , S. , Matthiessen , P. , Sumpter , J. P. and Tyler , C. R. 1999 . Estrogenic potency of effluent from two sewage treatment works in the United Kingdom . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 18 : 932 – 937 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harries , J. E. , Sheahan , D. A. , Jobling , S. , Matthiessen , P. , Neall , M. , Sumpter , J. P. , Taylor , T. and Zaman , N. 1997 . Estrogenic activity in five United Kingdom rivers detected by measurement of vitellogenesis in caged male trout . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 16 : 534 – 542 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins , M. B. , Thornton , J. W. , Crews , D. , Skipper , J. K. , Dotte , A. and Thomas , P. 2000 . Identification of a third distinct estrogen receptor and reclassification of estrogen receptors in teleosts . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 97 : 10751 – 10756 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemmer , M. J. , Bowman , C. J. , Hemmer , B. L. , Friedman , S. D. , Marcovich , D. , Kroll , K. J. and Denslow , N. D. 2002 . Vitellogenin mRNA regulation and plasma clearance in male sheepshead minnows, (Cyprinodon variegatus) after cessation of exposure to 17 beta-estradiol and p-nonylphenol . Aquat. Toxicol. , 58 : 99 – 112 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemmer , M. J. , Hemmer , B. L. , Bowman , C. J. , Kroll , K. J. , Folmar , L. C. , Marcovich , D. , Hoglund , M. D. and Denslow , N. D. 2001 . Effects of p-nonylphenol, methoxychlor, and endosulfan on Vitellogenin induction and expression in sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 20 : 336 – 343 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heppell , S. A. , Denslow , N. D. , Folmar , L. C. and Sullivan , C. V. 1995 . Universal assay of Vitellogenin as a biomarker for environmental estrogens . Environ. Health Perspect. , 103 (suppl. 7) : 9 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman , R. L. and Kincaid , H. L. 1988 . Pathological effects of orally administered estradiol to rainbow trout . Aquaculture , 72 : 165 – 172 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hundal , B. S. , Dhillon , V. S. and Sidhu , I. S. 1997 . Cenotoxic potential of estrogens . Mutât. Res. Gen. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. , 389 : 173 – 181 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung , M. C. and Wensink , P. C. 1981 . The sequence of the Drosophila melanogaster gene for yolk protein 1 . Nucleic Acids Res. , 9 : 6407 – 6419 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung , M. C and Wensink , P. C. 1983 . Sequence and structure conservation in yolk proteins and their genes.J . Mol. Biol. , 164 : 481 – 492 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurd , C. , Khattree , N. , Dinda , S. , Alban , P. and Moudgil , V. K. 1997 . Regulation of tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and retinoblastoma, by estrogen and antiestrogens in breast cancer cells . Oncogene , 15 : 991 – 995 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyllner , S. J. , Oppen-Berntsen , D. O. , Helvik , J. V. , Walther , B. T. and Haux , C. 1991 . Estradiol-17ß induces the major vitelline envelope proteins in both sexes in teleosts . J. Endocrinol. , 131 : 229 – 236 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyllner , S. J. , Westerlund , L , Olsson , P. E. and Schopen , A. 2001 . Cloning of the rainbow trout egg envelope proteins: Members of a unique group of structural proteins . Biol. Reprod. , 64 : 805 – 811 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeuchi , T. , Todo , T. , Kobayashi , T. and Nagahama , Y. 1999 . cDNA cloning of a novel androgen receptor subtype . J. Biol. Chem. , 274 : 25205 – 25209 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikeuchi , T. , Todo , T. , Kobayashi , T. and Nagahama , Y. 2001 . Two subtypes of androgen and progestogen receptors in fish testes . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. (B) , 129 : 449 – 455 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppen-Berntsen , D. O. , Helvik , J. V. and Walther , B. T. 1990 . The major structural proteins of cod (Cadusmorhua) eggshell and protein crosslinking during teleost egg hardening . Dev. Biol. , 137 : 258 – 265 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppen-Bemtsen , D. O. , Hyllner , S. J. , Haux , C , Helvik , J. V. and Walther , B. T. 1992 . Eggshell zona radiata-proteins from cod (Cadus morhua): Extra ovarian origin and induction by estradiol-17 beta . Int. J. Dev. Biol. , 36 : 247 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oppen-Berntsen , D. O. , Olsen , S. O. , Rong , C. J. , Taranger , G. L. , Swanson , P. and Walther , B. T. 1994 . Plasma levels of eggshell zr-proteins, estradiol-17ß, and gonadotropins during the annual reproductive cycle of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) . J. Exp. Zool. , 268 : 59 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Orlando , E. F. , Denslow , N. D. , Folmar , L. C. and Guillette , L. J. 1999 . A comparison of the reproductive physiology of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, collected from the Escambia and Blackwater Rivers in Florida . Environ. Health Perspect. , 107 : 199 – 204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar