435
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Geological occurrence, mineralogical characterization, and risk assessment of potentially carcinogenic erionite in Italy

, , , , , & show all

References

  • Alberti, A., A. Martucci, E. Galli, and G. Vezzalini. 1997. A re-examination of the crystal structure of erionite. Zeolites 19:349–52. doi:10.1016/S0144-2449(97)00102-4.
  • Andujar, P., A. Lacourt, P. Brochard, J.-C. Pairon, M.-C. Jaurand, and D. Jean. 2016. Five years update on relationships between malignant pleural mesothelioma and exposure to asbestos and other elongated mineral particles. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 19:151–72. doi:10.1080/10937404.2016.1193361.
  • Artvinli, M., and Y. I. Baris. 1979. Malignant mesothelioma in a small village in the Anatolian region of Turkey: An epidemiologic study. Journal Natural Cancer Institute 63:17–22.
  • Aust, A. E., P. M. Cook, and R. D. Dodson. 2011. Morphological and chemical mechanisms of elongated mineral particle toxicities. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 14:40–75. doi:10.1080/10937404.2011.556046.
  • Ballirano, P. 2003. Effects of the choice of different ionisation level for scattering curves and correction for small preferred orientation in Rietveld refinement: The MgAl2O4 test case. Journal of Applied Crystallography 36:1056–61. doi:10.1107/S0021889803010410.
  • Ballirano, P. 2011. Laboratory parallel beam transmission X-ray powder diffraction investigation of the thermal behaviour of calcite: Comparison with X-ray single-crystal and synchrotron powder diffraction data. Period Mineral 80:123–34.
  • Ballirano, P., G. B. Andreozzi, M. Dogan, and A. U. Dogan. 2009. Crystal structure and iron topochemistry of erionite-K from Rome, Oregon, U.S.A. American Mineralogist 94:1262–70. doi:10.2138/am.2009.3163.
  • Ballirano, P., and G. Cametti. 2012. Dehydration dynamics and thermal stability of erionite-K: Experimental evidence of the “internal ionic exchange” mechanism. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 163:160–68. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2012.06.059.
  • Ballirano, P., and G. Cametti. 2013. Crystal chemical and structural investigation of levyne-Na. Mineralogical Magazine 77:2887–99. doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.7.01.
  • Ballirano, P., and G. Cametti. 2015. Crystal chemical and structural modifications of erionite fibres leached with simulated lung fluids. American Mineralogist 100:1003–12. doi:10.2138/am-2015-4922.
  • Ballirano, P., and A. Pacella. 2016. Erionite-Na upon heating: Dehydration dynamics and exchangeable cations mobility. Scientific Reports 6:22786. doi:10.1038/srep22786.
  • Ballirano, P., A. Pacella, C. Cremisini, E. Nardi, M. Fantauzzi, D. Atzei, A. Rossi, and G. Cametti. 2015. Fe (II) segregation at a specific crystallographic site of fibrous erionite: A first step toward the understanding of the mechanisms inducing its carcinogenicity. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 211:49–63. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.02.046.
  • Ballirano, P., and C. Sadun. 2009. Thermal behaviour of trehalose dihydrate (Th) and β-anhydrous trehalose (Tβ) by in-situ laboratory parallel-beam X-ray powder diffraction. Structural Chemistry 20:815–23. doi:10.1007/s11224-009-9473-5.
  • Baris, I., M. Artvinli, R. Saracci, L. Simonato, F. Pooley, J. Skidmore, and C. Wagner. 1987. Epidemiological and environmental evidence of the health effects of exposure to erionite fibres: A four-year study in the Cappadocian region of Turkey. International Journal of Cancer 39:10–17. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0215.
  • Baris, Y. I., M. Artvinli, and A. A. Sahin. 1979. Environmental mesothelioma in Turkey. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 330:423–32. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1979.tb18744.x.
  • Baris, Y. I., A. A. Sahin, M. Ozesmi, I. Kerse, E. Ozen, B. Kolacan, M. Altinörs, and A. Göktepeli. 1978. An outbreak of pleural mesothelioma and chronic fibrosing pleurisy in the village of Karain/Urgüp in Anatolia. Thorax 33:181–92. doi:10.1136/thx.33.2.181.
  • Baumann, F., and M. Carbone. 2016. Environmental risk of mesothelioma in the United States: An emerging concern-epidemiological issues. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 19:231–49. doi:10.1080/10937404.2016.1195322.
  • Beccaluva, L., G. Bianchini, C. Bonadiman, M. Coltorti, L. Milani, L. Salvini, F. Siena, and R. Tassinari. 2007. Intraplate litospheric and sublitospheric components in the Adriatic domain: Nephelinite to tholeiite magma generation in the Paleogene Veneto Volcanic Province, Southern Alps. Mineral Social America, Special Paper 418:131–52.
  • Bertino, P., A. Marconi, L. Palumbo, B. M. Bruni, D. Barbone, S. Germano, A. U. Dogan, G. F. Tassi, C. Porta, L. Mutti, and G. Gaudino. 2007. Erionite and asbestos differently cause transformation of human mesothelial cells. International Journal of Cancer 121:12–20. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0215.
  • Bish, D. L., and D. W. Ming. 2001. Natural zeolites: Occurrence, properties, applications. In eds. D. L. Bish, and D. W. Ming. Rev Mineral Geochem 45.
  • Bloise, A., D. Barca, A. F. Gualtieri, S. Pollastri, and E. Belluso. 2016. Trace elements in hazardous mineral fibres. Environmental Pollution 216:314–23. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.007.
  • Bonadiman, C., M. Coltorti, L. Milani, L. Salvini, F. Siena, and R. Tassinari. 2001. Metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle and its relationships to magmatism in the Veneto Volcanic Province, Italy. Period Mineral 70:333–57.
  • Bonneau, L., M. Malard, and H. Pezerat. 1986. Studies on surface properties of asbestos II. Role of dimensional characteristics and surface properties of mineral fibres in the induction of pleural tumors. Environmental Research 41:268–75. doi:10.1016/S0013-9351(86)80188-8.
  • Boulanger, G., P. Andujar, J. C. Pairon, M. A. Billon-Galland, C. Dion, P. Dumortier, P. Brochard, A. Sobaszek, P. Bartsch, C. Paris, and M. C. Jaurand. 2014. Quantification of short and long asbestos fibres to assess asbestos exposure: A review of fiber size toxicity. Environ Health 13:59. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-13-59.
  • Bruker, AXS. 2009. Topas V.4.2: General profile and structure analysis software for powder diffraction data. Karlsruhe, Germany: Bruker AXS.
  • Cametti, G., A. Pacella, F. Mura, M. Rossi, and P. Ballirano. 2013. New morphological, chemical, and structural data of woolly erionite-Na from Durkee, Oregon, U.S.A. American Mineralogist 98:2155–63. doi:10.2138/am.2013.4474.
  • Campbell, L. S., J. Charnock, A. Dyer, S. Hillier, S. Chenery, F. Stoppa, C. M. B. Henderson, R. Walcott, and M. Rumsey. 2016. Determination of zeolite-group mineral composition by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Mineralogical Magazine 80/5:781–807.
  • Carbone, M., Y. I. Baris, P. Bertino, B. Brass, S. Comertpay, A. U. Dogan, G. Gaudino, S. Jube, S. Kanodia, C. R. Petridge, H. I. Pass, Z. S. Rivera, I. Steele, M. Tuncer, S. Way, H. Yang, and A. Miller. 2011. Erionite exposure in North Dakota and Turkish villages with mesothelioma. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108:13618–23. doi:10.1073/pnas.1105887108.
  • Carbone, M., S. Emri, A. U. Dogan, I. Steele, M. Tuncer, H. I. Pass, and Y. I. Baris. 2007. A mesothelioma epidemic in Cappadocia: Scientific developments and unexpected social outcomes. Nature Reviews. Cancer 7:147–54. doi:10.1038/nrc2068.
  • Carbone, M., and H. Yang. 2012. Molecular pathways: Targeting mechanisms of asbestos and erionite carcinogenesis in mesothelioma. Clinical Cancer Research 18:598–604. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2259.
  • Cenni, M. 2009. Le mineralizzazioni secondarie nelle rocce basaltiche: Esempi dai Monti Lessini (Italia). PhD thesis, University of Urbino, Italy Urbino, Italy.
  • Coffin, D. L., P. M. Cook, and J. P. Creason. 1992. Relative mesothelioma induction in rats by mineral fibres: Comparison with residual pulmonary mineral fiber number and epidemiology. Inhalation Toxicology 4:273–300. doi:10.3109/08958379209145671.
  • Cook, P. M., L. D. Palekar, and D. L. Coffin. 1982. Interpretation of the carcinogenicity of amosite asbestos and ferroactinolite on the basis of retained fiber dose and characteristics in vivo. Toxicology Letters 13:151–58. doi:10.1016/0378-4274(82)90203-X.
  • Coombs, D. S., A. Alberti, T. Armbruster, G. Artioli, C. Colella, E. Galli, J. D. Grice, F. Liebau, J. A. Mandarino, H. Minato, E. H. Nickel, E. Passaglia, D. R. Peacor, S. Quartieri, R. Rinaldi, M. Ross, R. A. Sheppard, E. Tillmanns, and G. Vezzalini. 1997. Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals: Report of the subcommittee on zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Canadian Mineralogist 35:1571–606.
  • Croce, A., M. Musa, M. Allegrina, C. Rinaudo, Y. I. Baris, A. U. Dogan, A. Powers, Z. Rivera, P. Bertino, H. Yang, G. Gaudino, and M. Carbone. 2013. Micro-Raman spectroscopy identifies crocidolite and erionite fibers in tissue section. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 44:1440–45. doi:10.1002/jrs.v44.10.
  • Crovella, S., A. M. Bianco, J. Vuch, L. Zupin, R. R. Moura, E. Trevisan, M. Schneider, A. Brollo, E. M. Nicastro, A. Cosenzi, G. Zabucchi, and V. Borelli. 2016. Iron signature in asbestos-induced malignant pleural mesothelioma: A population-based autopsy study. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 79:129–41. doi:10.1080/15287394.2015.1123452.
  • Davis, J. M. G., R. E. Bolton, B. G. Miller, and K. Niven. 1991. Mesothelioma dose response following intraperitoneal injection of mineral fibres. International Journal of Experimental Pathology 72:263–74.
  • de Assis, L. V. M., J. Locatelli, and M. C. Isoldi. 2014. The role of key genes and pathways involved in the tumorigenesis of malignant mesothelioma. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 1845:232–47.
  • De Vecchi, G. P., and R. Sedea. 1995. The Paleogene basalt of the Veneto region (NE Italy). Memory Ist Geological Mineral, University Padova 47:253–74.
  • Deer, W. A., R. Howie, W. S. Wis, and J. Zussman. 2004. Rock forming minerals. Framework silicates: Silica minerals, feldspathoids and the zeolites. London, UK: 4B, The Geological Society.
  • Demirer, E., C. F. Ghattas, M. O. Radwan, and E. M. Elamin. 2015. Clinical and prognostic features of erionite-induced malignant mesothelioma. Yonsei Medical Journal 56:311–23. doi:10.3349/ymj.2015.56.2.311.
  • Dodson, R. F., M. A. L. Atkinson, and J. L. Levin. 2003. Asbestos fiber length as related to potential pathogenicity: A critical review. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 44:291–97. doi:10.1002/ajim.10263.
  • Dogan, A. U. 2003. Zeolite mineralogy and Cappadocian erionite. Indoor and Built Environment 12:337–42. doi:10.1177/142032603036408.
  • Dogan, A. U., Y. I. Baris, M. Dogan, S. Emri, I. Steele, A. G. Elmishad, and M. Carbone. 2006. Genetic predisposition to fiber carcinogenesis causes a mesothelioma epidemic in Turkey. Cancer Research 66:5063–68. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-4642.
  • Dogan, A. U., and M. Dogan. 2008. Re-evaluation and re-classification of erionite series minerals. Environ Geochem Health 30:355–66. doi:10.1007/s10653-008-9163-z.
  • Dogan, A. U., M. Dogan, and J. A. Hoskins. 2008. Erionite series minerals: Mineralogical and carcinogenic properties. Environ Geochem Health 30:367–81. doi:10.1007/s10653-008-9165-x.
  • Dogan, M. 2012. Quantitative characterization of the mesothelioma-inducing erionite series minerals by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Scanning 34:37–42. doi:10.1002/sca.20276.
  • Eakle, A. S. 1898. Erionite, a new zeolite. American Journal of Science 6:66–68. doi:10.2475/ajs.s4-6.31.66.
  • Emri, S., A. Demir, M. Dogan, H. Akay, B. Bozkurt, M. Carbone, and I. Baris. 2002. Lung diseases due to environmental exposures to erionite and asbestos in Turkey. Toxicology Letters 127:251–57. doi:10.1016/S0378-4274(01)00507-0.
  • Farrugia, L. J. 1999. ORTEP-3 for Windows. Scotland: University of Glasgow. Glasgow, Scotland, UK
  • Fubini, B. 2001. The physical and chemical properties of asbestos fibres which contribute to biological activity. Asbestos Health Effect Conference, May 24-25, Oakland, CA, US Environmental Protection Agency.
  • Gazzano, E., C. Riganti, M. Tomatis, F. Turci, A. Bosia, B. Fubini, and D. Ghigo. 2005. Potential toxicity of nonregulated asbestiform minerals: Balangeroite from the Western Alps. Part 3: Depletion of antioxidant defenses. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 68:41–49. doi:10.1080/15287390590523957.
  • Giordani, M., M. Mattioli, M. Dogan, and A. U. Dogan. 2016. Potential carcinogenic erionite from Lessini Mounts, NE Italy: Morphological, mineralogical and chemical characterization. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 79:808–24. doi:10.1080/15287394.2016.1182453.
  • Giovagnoli, L., and M. Boscardin. 1979. Ritrovamento di levyna ed erionite a Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza). Riv Mineral Ital 1:44–45.
  • Goldstein, J. I., D. E. Newbury, P. Echlin, D. C. Joy, A. D. Roming, C. E. Lyman, C. Fiori, and E. Lifshin. 1992. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis, 2nd ed. New York, USA: Plenum Press.
  • Gottardi, G., and E. Galli. 1985. Natural zeolites. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
  • Gualtieri, A., G. Artioli, E. Passaglia, S. Bigi, A. Viani, and J. C. Hanson. 1998. Crystal structure-crystal chemistry relationships in the zeolites erionite and offretite. American Mineralogist 83:590–606. doi:10.2138/am-1998-5-619.
  • Gude, A. J., and R. A. Sheppard. 1981. Woolly erionite from the Reese River zeolite deposit, Lander County, Nevada, and its relationship to other erionites. Clays Clay Minerals 29:378–84. doi:10.1346/CCMN.1981.0290507.
  • Hesterberg, T. W., G. Chase, C. Axten, W. C. Miller, R. P. Musselman, O. Kamstrup, J. Hadley, C. Morscheidt, D. M. Bernstein, and P. Thevenaz. 1998. Biopersistence of synthetic vitreous fibers and amosite asbestos in the rat lung following inhalation. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 151:262–75. doi:10.1006/taap.1998.8472.
  • Hill, R. J., R. E. Edwards, and P. Carthew. 1990. Early changes in the pleural mesothelium following intrapleural inoculation of the mineral fibre erionite and the subsequent development of mesotheliomas. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 71:105–18.
  • Hillegass, J. M., J. M. Miller, M. B. MacPherson, C. M. Westbom, M. Sayan, J. K. Thompson, S. L. Macura, T. N. Perkins, S. L. Beuschel, V. Alexeeva, H. I. Pass, C. Steele, B. T. Mossman, and A. Shukla. 2013. Asbestos and erionite prime and activate the NLRP3 inflammasome that stimulates autocrine cytokine release in human mesothelial cells. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 10:39. doi:10.1186/1743-8977-10-39.
  • Hochella, M. F. 1993. Surface chemistry, structure, and reactivity of hazardous mineral dust. In Health effects of mineral dusts, eds. G. D. Guthrie and B. T. Mossman. Chelsea, MI: Bookcrafters. Reviews Mineral 28:275–308.
  • IARC. 1987. Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: An updating of IARC monographs volumes 1 to 42. In IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to human, vol. 7. IARC Press, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, Lyon, France Lyon.
  • IARC. 1997. Zeolites other than erionite. In Silica, some silicates, coal dust and para-aramid fibrils. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to human, vol. 68. IARC Press, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, Lyon, France.
  • IARC. 2012. Arsenic, metals, fibres, and dusts. In IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to human, vol. 100C. IARC Press, 150 Cous Thomas, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, Lyon, France.
  • Ilgren, E. B., H. Kazemian, and J. A. Hoskins. 2015. Kandovan the next Capadoccia? A potential public health issue for erionite related mesothelioma risk. Epidemiol, Biostatistics Public Health 12:1–12.
  • INAIL. 2012. Il Registro Nazionale dei Mesoteliomi (ReNaM): Quarto rapporto. Roma: INAIL, Settore Ricerca, Dipartimento Medicina del Lavoro. Rome, Italy.
  • Jacobsen, S. D., J. R. Smyth, R. F. Swope, and R. T. Downs. 1998. Rigid body character of the SO4 group in celestine, anglesite and barite. Canadian Mineralogist 36:1053–60.
  • Jones, J. B. 1968. Al-O and Si-O tetrahedral distances in aluminosilicate framework structures. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry 24:355–58. doi:10.1107/S0567740868002360.
  • Katerinopoulou, A., T. Balic-Zunic, and L. F. Lundegaard. 2012. Application of the ellipsoid modeling of the average shape of nanosized crystallites in powder diffraction. Journal of Applied Crystallography 45:22–27. doi:10.1107/S0021889811055075.
  • Kliment, C. R., K. Clemens, and T. D. Oury. 2009. North American erionite-associated mesothelioma with pleural plaques and pulmonary fibrosis: A case report. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology 2:407–10.
  • Kokturk, N., P. Firat, H. Akay, C. Kadilar, C. Ozturk, F. Zorlu, Y. Gungen, and S. Emri. 2005. Prognostic significance of Bax and Fas Ligand in erionite and asbestos induced Turkish malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 50:189–98. doi:10.1016/j.lungcan.2005.05.025.
  • Larson, D., A. Powers, J.-P. Ambrosi, M. Tanjia, A. Napolitano, E. G. Flores, F. Baumann, L. Pellegrini, C. J. Jennings, B. J. Buck, B. T. McLaurin, D. Merkler, C. Robinson, P. Morris, M. Dogan, A. U. Dogan, H. I. Pass, S. Pastorino, M. Carbone, and H. Yanga. 2016. Investigating palygorskite’s role in the development of mesothelioma in southern Nevada: Insights into fiber-induced carcinogenicity. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 19:213–30. doi:10.1080/10937404.2016.1195321.
  • Lee, K. P. 1985. Lung response to particulates with emphasis on asbestos and other fibrous dusts. Crc Critical Reviews in Toxicology 14:33–86. doi:10.3109/10408448509023764.
  • Lemen, R. A. 2016. Mesothelioma from asbestos exposures: Epidemiologic patterns and impact in the United States. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 19:250–65. doi:10.1080/10937404.2016.1195323.
  • Lippmann, M. 1988. Asbestos exposure indices. Environmental Research 46:86–106. doi:10.1016/S0013-9351(88)80061-6.
  • Mattioli, M., M. Cenni, and E. Passaglia. 2016a. Secondary mineral assemblages as indicators of multistage alteration processes in basaltic lava flows: Evidence from the Lessini Mountains, Veneto Volcanic Province, Northern Italy. Period Mineral 85:1–24.
  • Mattioli, M., M. Giordani, M. Dogan, M. Cangiotti, G. Avella, R. Giorgi, A. U. Dogan, and M. F. Ottaviani. 2016b. Morpho-chemical characterization and surface properties of carcinogenic zeolite fibres. Journal of Hazardous Materials 306:140–48. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.015.
  • Mattioli, M., M. Lustrino, S. Ronca, and G. Bianchini. 2012. Alpine subduction imprint in Apennine volcaniclastic rocks. Geochemical–petrographic constraints and geodynamic implications from Early Oligocene Aveto-Petrignacola Formation (N Italy). Lithos 134:201–20. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2011.12.017.
  • Maxim, D. L., J. G. Hadley, R. M. Potter, and R. Niebo. 2006. The role of fiber durability/biopersistence of silica-based synthetic vitreous fibres and their influence on toxicology. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 46:42–62. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2006.05.003.
  • Metintas, M., G. Hillerdal, and S. Metintas. 1999. Malignant mesothelioma due to environmental exposure to erionite: Follow-up of a Turkish emigrant cohort. European Respiratory Journal 13:523–26. doi:10.1183/09031936.99.13352399.
  • Metintas, M., G. Hillerdal, S. Metintas, and P. Dumortier. 2010. Endemic malignant mesothelioma: Exposure to erionite is more important than genetic factors. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 65:86–93. doi:10.1080/19338240903390305.
  • Milani, L., L. Beccaluva, and M. Coltorti. 1999. Petrogenesis and evolution of the Euganean magmatic complex, Veneto Region, North-East Italy. European Journal Mineral 11:379–99. doi:10.1127/ejm/11/2/0379.
  • Millette, J. R. 2006. Asbestos analysis methods. In Asbestos-Risk Assessment, Epidemiology, and Health Effects, eds. R. F. Dodson, and S. P. Hammar, 9–37. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis.
  • Muhle, H., B. Bellmann, and F. Pott. 1991. Durability of various mineral fibres in rat lungs, mechanisms in fibre carcinogenesis. In NATO ASI series A: Life Sciences, eds. R. C. Brown, J. A. Hoskins, and N. F. Johnson, vol. 223, 181–87. New York: Plenum Press.
  • Oberdorster, G., V. Castranova, B. Asgharian, and P. Sayre. 2015. Inhalation exposure to carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nanofibers (CNF): Methodology and dosimetry. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 18:121–212. doi:10.1080/10937404.2015.1051611.
  • Oberdörster, G., E. Oberdörster, and J. Oberdörster. 2005. Nanotoxicology: An emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. Environmental Health Perspectives 113:823–39. doi:10.1289/ehp.7339.
  • Ortega-Guerrero, M. A., and G. Carrasco-Nùñez. 2014. Environmental occurrence, origin, physical and geochemical properties, and carcinogenic potential of erionite near San Miguel de Allande, Mexico. Environ Geochem Health 36:517–29. doi:10.1007/s10653-013-9578-z.
  • Ortega-Guerrero, M. A., G. Carrasco-Núñez, H. Barragán-Campos, and M. R. Ortega. 2015. High incidence of lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma linked to erionite fibre exposure in a rural community in Central Mexico. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 72:216–18. doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101957.
  • Pacella, A., P. Ballirano, and G. Cametti. 2016. Quantitative chemical analysis of erionite fibres using a micro-analytical SEM-EDX method. European Journal of Mineralogy 28:257–64. doi:10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2497.
  • Passaglia, E. 1970. The crystal chemistry of chabazites. American Mineral 55:1278–301.
  • Passaglia, E., G. Artioli, and A. Gualtieri. 1998. Crystal chemistry of the zeolites erionite and offretite. American Mineralogist 83:577–89. doi:10.2138/am-1998-5-618.
  • Passaglia, E., and E. Galli. 1974. Levyne and erionite from Sardinia, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 43:253–59. doi:10.1007/BF00373482.
  • Passaglia, E., and A. R. Sheppard. 2001. The crystal chemistry of zeolites. In natural zeolites: Occurrence, properties, applications (D.L. Bish and D.W. Ming, editors) Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society, Washington, D.C. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 45:69–116. doi:10.2138/rmg.2001.45.2.
  • Passaglia, E., and A. Tagliavini. 1995. Erionite from Faedo, Colli Euganei, Italy. Neues Jahrbuch Mineralogie-Monatshefte 4:185–91.
  • Pollastri, S., F. D’Acapito, A. Trapananti, I. Colantoni, G. B. Andreozzi, and A. F. Gualtieri. 2015. The chemical environment of iron in mineral fibres. A combined X-ray absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopic study. Journal of Hazardous Materials 298:282–93. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.010.
  • Pollastri, S., A. F. Gualtieri, M. L. Gualtieri, M. Hanuskova, A. Cavallo, and G. Gaudino. 2014. The Zeta potential of mineral fibres. Journal of Hazardous Materials 276:469–79. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.060.
  • Pongiluppi, D., E. Passaglia, and E. Galli. 1974. Su alcune zeoliti della Sardegna. Social Ital Mineral Petrol 30:77–100.
  • Pott, F., U. Ziem, F. J. Reiffer, F. Huth, H. Ernst, and U. Mohr. 1987. Carcinogenicity studies on fibres, metal compounds, and some other dusts in rats. Experimental Pathology 32:129–52. doi:10.1016/S0232-1513(87)80044-0.
  • Reed, S. J. B. 1993. Electron microprobe analysis, 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rinaldi, R. 1976. Crystal chemistry and structural epitaxy of offretite-erionite from Sasbach, Kaiserstuhl. Neues Jahrbuch Mineralogie-Monatshefte 4:145–56.
  • Sabine, T. M., B. A. Hunter, W. R. Sabine, and C. J. Ball. 1998. Analytical expressions for the transmission factor and peak shift in absorbing cylindrical specimens. Journal of Applied Crystallography 31:47–51. doi:10.1107/S0021889897006961.
  • Sacerdoti, M. 1996. New refinements of the crystal structure of levyne using twinned crystals. Neues Jahrbuch Mineralogie-Monatshefte 3: 114–24.
  • Saini-Eidukat, B., and J. W. Triplet. 2014. Erionite and offretite from the Killdeer Mountains, Dunn County, North Dakota, USA. American Mineralogist 99:8–15. doi:10.2138/am.2014.4567.
  • Sheppard, R. A., and A. J. Gude. 1969. Chemical composition and physical properties of the related zeolites offretite and erionite. American Mineral 54:875–86.
  • Stanton, M. F., M. Layard, A. Tegeris, E. Miller, M. May, E. Morgan, and A. Smith. 1981. Relation of particles dimension to carcinogenicity in amphibole asbestoses and other fibrous minerals. Journal Natural Cancer Institute 67:965–75.
  • Staples, L. W., and J. A. Gard. 1959. The fibrous zeolite erionite: Its occurrence, unit cell, and structure. MineralMag 322:261–81.
  • Sweatman, T. R., and J. V. P. Long. 1969. Quantitative electron-probe microanalysis of rock-forming minerals. Journal of Petrology 10:332–79. doi:10.1093/petrology/10.2.332.
  • Temel, A., and M. N. Gündogdu. 1996. Zeolite occurrences and the erionite-mesothelioma relationship in Cappadocia, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Mineralium Deposita 31:539–47. doi:10.1007/BF00196134.
  • Van Gosen, B. S., T. A. Blitz, G. S. Plumlee, G. P. Meeker, and M. P. Pierson. 2013. Geologic occurrences of erionite in the United States: An emerging national public health concern for respiratory disease. Environ Geochem Health 35:419–30. doi:10.1007/s10653-012-9504-9.
  • Vignaroli, G., P. Ballirano, G. Belardi, and F. Rossetti. 2014. Asbestos fibre identification vs. evaluation of asbestos hazard in ophiolitic rock mélanges, a case study from the Ligurian Alps (Italy). Environment Earth Sciences 72:3679–98. doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3303-9.
  • Wagner, J. C., J. W. Skidmore, R. J. Hill, and D. M. Griffiths. 1985. Erionite exposure and mesotheliomas in rats. Br J Cancer 51:727–30. doi:10.1038/bjc.1985.108.
  • Wise, W. S., and R. W. Tschernich. 1976. The chemical compositions and origin of the zeolites offretite, erionite and levyne. American Mineral 61:853–63.
  • Wiseman, H., and B. Halliwell. 1996. Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer. The Biochemical Journal 313:17–29. doi:10.1042/bj3130017.
  • Wylie, A. G., and P. A. Candela. 2015. Methodologies for determining the sources, characteristics, distribution, and abundance of asbestiform and nonasbestiform amphibole and serpentine in ambient air and water. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 18:1–42. doi:10.1080/10937404.2014.997945.
  • Zebedeo, C. N., C. Davis, C. Peña, K. W. Ng, and J. C. Pfau. 2014. Erionite induces production of autoantibodies and IL-17 in C57BL/6 mice. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 275:257–64. doi:10.1016/j.taap.2014.01.018.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.