Understanding interactions between beggars and international tourists: the case of China

References

• Adriaenssens, S., & Hendrickx, J. (2011). Street-level informal economic activities: Estimating the yield of begging in Brussels. Urban Studies, 48(1), 23–40. doi: 10.1177/0042098009360688
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altindag, D. T. (2014). Crime and international tourism. Journal of Labor Research, 35(1), 1–14. doi: 10.1007/s12122-014-9174-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andereck, K. L., & Vogt, C. A. (2000). The relationship between residents’ attitudes toward tourism and tourism development options. Journal of Travel Research, 39(1), 27–36. doi: 10.1177/004728750003900104
   Google Scholar
• Andriotis, K. (2016). Beggars–tourists’ interactions: An unobtrusive typological approach. Tourism Management, 52, 64–73. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2015.06.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Authorities powerless to act against beggars with children in tow. (2003). Helsingin Sanomat. Retrieved June 9, 2015, from http://www.hs.fi/english/article/Authorities+powerless+to+act+against+beggars+with+children+in+tow+/1135229326508
   Google Scholar
• Banks, M. A. (2006). Towards a continuum of scholarship: The eventual collapse of the distinction between grey and non-grey literature. Publishing Research Quarterly, 22(1), 4–11. doi: 10.1007/s12109-006-0002-8
   Google Scholar
• Barker, M., & Page, S. J. (2002). Visitor safety in urban tourism environments: The case of Auckland, New Zealand. Cities, 19(4), 273–282. doi: 10.1016/S0264-2751(02)00024-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biagi, B., & Detotto, C. (2012). Crime as tourism externality. Regional Studies, 48(4), 693–709. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2011.649005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouchard, T. J. (1976). Unobtrusive measures: An inventory of uses. Sociological Methods & Research, 4, 267–300. doi: 10.1177/004912417600400301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brito, O. (2013). Definitional paradox and legal heterogeneity: Towards a comprehensive and operational definition of begging. Asian Social Work and Policy Review, 7, 228–241. doi: 10.1111/aswp.12020
   Google Scholar
• Brunt, P., Mawby, R., & Hambly, Z. (2000). Tourist victimisation and the fear of crime on holiday. Tourism Management, 21(4), 417–424. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00084-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, N., Guang-hui, Q., & Li, L. (2009). A study on the preferred travel behaviors of outbound tourists based on perception of travel risks – case on Beijing tourists. Human Geography, 6, 97–102.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, W. (2007). The impact of tourism crisis on tourist’s consumer decision-making process and its corresponding strategies. Entrepreneur World, 10, 5–6.
   Google Scholar
• Chiu, S. P., Chen, N., & Zhang, Y. Y. (2011). Study on the perception of tourists’ crime victim risk – case of Indian tourists. Tourism Science, 25(6), 34–45.
   Google Scholar
• Chiu, S. P., & Lin, S. Y. (2010). A study on myth about tourism crime victim: An example of Taiwan tourists. Police Science Bimonthly, 40(4), 201–218.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, D., Allen, J., & Cosenza, R. M. (1988). Segmenting local residents by their attitudes, interests, and opinions toward tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 27(2), 2–8. doi: 10.1177/004728758802700201
   Google Scholar
• Delap, E. (2009). Begging for change: Research findings and recommendations on forced child begging in Albania/Greece, India and Senegal. London: Anti-Slavery International.
   Google Scholar
• Erskine, A., & McIntosh, I. (1999). Why begging offends: Historical perspectives and continuities. In H. Dean (Ed.), Begging questions: Street-level economic activity and social policy failure (pp. 27–42). Bristol: Policy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Stembridge, L., & Madsen, R. (2002). Beggars in the socialist market economy. In P. Link, R. Madsen, and P. Pickowicz (Eds.), Popular China: Unofficial culture in a globalizing society (pp. 207–230). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
   Google Scholar
• Frey, N., & George, R. (2010). Responsible tourism management: The missing link between business owners’ attitudes and behaviour in the Cape Town tourism industry. Tourism Management, 31(5), 621–628. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2009.06.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George, R. (2010). Visitor perceptions of crime-safety and attitudes towards risk: The case of Table Mountain National Park, Cape Town. Tourism Management, 31(6), 806–815. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gheorghiţă, V., & Vădăstreanu, C. I. (2015). Signalling child trafficking and exploitation by begging in Romania: On public traits, victims traffic and societal reaction. Revista De Stiinte Politice, 2015(46), 274–286.
   Google Scholar
• Gossling, S., Schumacher, K., Morelle, M., Berger, R., & Heck, N. (2004). Tourism and street children in Antananarivo, Madagascar. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 5(2), 131–149. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.thr.6040012
   Google Scholar
• Groth, A. (2013). The situation of Roma in Europe: Movement and migration. Council of Europe: Committee on Migration, Refugees and Displaced Persons. Retrieved April 14, 2013, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begging
   Google Scholar
• Hanlon, J. (1987). Beggar your neighbours: Apartheid power in Southern Africa. International Journal, 42(3), 620–621.
   Google Scholar
• Henry, E. (2009). The beggar’s play: Poverty, coercion, and performance in Shenyang, China. Anthropological Quarterly, 82(1), 7–35. doi: 10.1353/anq.0.0051
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• I Haag stoppade man tiggarna med förbud. (2014). Sveriges Television. Retrieved December 6, 2014, from www.svt.se
   Google Scholar
• Ilenia, R. (2016). Is begging a Roma cultural practice? Answers from the Italian legal system and anthropology. Romani Studies, 26(1), 31–61. doi: 10.3828/rs.2016.2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Julia, W. (2009). Regulating social space: Begging in two South Asian cities. Crime Media Culture, 5(3), 333–341. doi: 10.1177/1741659009346020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, C., & Fitzpatrick, S. (2001). Begging, rough sleeping and social exclusion: Implications for social policy. Urban Studies, 38(11), 2001–2016. doi: 10.1080/00420980120080907
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, S., & Lisa, K. (2014). On seeing monkeys, cows, and beggars: Between ethnography and tourism. Cultural Studies, 14(4), 324–332.
   Google Scholar
• Khaosod, Eng. (2015). Thai Junta to issue new law banning begging. The Thai military government has approved the draft of a law that will criminalize begging, a common practice in streets of Thailand’s major cities. Started by Lite Beer, April 20, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Kotler, P., Haider, D. H., & Rein, I. (1993). Marketing places: Attracting investment, industry, and tourism to cities, states, and nations. New York, NY: The Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Leanne, W., & Benjamin, B. (2008). Valiant beggars and global vagabonds. Theoretical Criminology, 12(3), 355–375. doi: 10.1177/1362480608093311
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H. X. (2008). Analysis of rural northwestern professional beggars with regards to an investigation of “beggar villages” in M county, Z town. Inner Mongolia Social Sciences, 29(3), 114–118.
   Google Scholar
• Lozanski, K. (2013). Encountering beggars: Disorienting travelers? Annals of Tourism Research, 42, 46–64. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2013.01.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, H. (1999). Becoming urban: Mendicancy and vagrants in modern Shanghai. Journal of Social History, 33(1), 7–36. doi: 10.1353/jsh.1999.0007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malik, S., & Roy, S. (2012). A study on begging: A social stigma. Journal of Human Values, 18, 187–199. doi: 10.1177/0971685812454486
   Google Scholar
• Prideaux, B., Coghlan, A., & Falco-Mammone, F. (2008). Post crisis recovery. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 23(2–4), 163–174. doi: 10.1300/J073v23n02_13
   Google Scholar
• Richard, B. M. (1981). The bonze’s begging bowl: Eating practices in Buddhist monasteries of medieval India and China. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 101(4), 417–424. doi: 10.2307/601214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safe Streets Act, Government of Ontario. (1999). Archived from the original on September 2, 2006. Retrieved September 29, 2006, from https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/99s08
   Google Scholar
• Schuler, M. (2010, May 14–20). Cops planning to combat panhandling. The Boston Courant.
   Google Scholar
• Sigrid, W. (2014). The usual suspects: Begging and law enforcement in interwar Austria. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Simpson, P. (2011). Street performance and the city: Public space, sociality, and intervening in the everyday. Space and Culture, 14, 415–430. doi: 10.1177/1206331211412270
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straffeloven kap, 22. (2014). Retrieved November 9, 2014, from https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=142912#Kap24
   Google Scholar
• Sun, X., Sun, W., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., & Gao, Y. (2016). Using a Grey–Markov model optimized by cuckoo search algorithm to forecast the annual foreign tourist arrivals to China. Tourism Management, 52, 369–379. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2015.07.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ugur, N. (2014). Begging as a criminal offence: Why is this being reintroduced in Australia? Posted on December 18, 2014 by Visible rise in people asking for donations. Part of Radio New Zealand’s begging in New Zealand series.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, F. L. (2004). Reformed migration control and new targeted people: China’s hukou system in the 2000s. The China Quarterly, 177, 115–132. doi: 10.1017/S0305741004000074
   Google Scholar
• Weber, L., & Bowling, B. (2008). Valiant beggars and global vagabonds: Select, eject, immobilize. Theoretical Criminology, 12(3), 355–375. doi: 10.1177/1362480608093311
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, C. C., & Windebank, J. (2002). The uneven geographies of informal economic activities: A case study of two British cities. Work, Employment & Society, 16(2), 231–250. doi: 10.1177/095001702400426820
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Zen – teaching of Mu. (2008). Japan National Tourist Organisation. Retrieved July 27, 2008, from http://www.jnto.go.jp/
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, L. (2002). Spatiality and urban citizenship in late socialist China. Public Culture, 14(2), 311–334. doi: 10.1215/08992363-14-2-311
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar