Application of carrying capacity management in Vietnamese national parks

References

• Andriantiatsaholiniaina, L. A., Kouikoglou, V. S., & Phillis, Y. A. (2004). Evaluating strategies for sustainable development: Fuzzy logic reasoning and sensitivity analysis. Ecological Economics, 48(2), 149–172. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2003.08.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bazeley, P. (2007). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Beunen, R., Regnerus, H. D., & Jaarsma, C. F. (2008). Gateways as a means of visitor management in national parks and protected areas. Tourism Management, 29(1), 138–145. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2007.03.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandt, J., & Holmes, E. (2011). Conditions for the management of carrying capacity in the parks of Parks & Benefits.
   Google Scholar
• Buckley, R. (1999). An ecological perspective on carrying capacity. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3), 705–708. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00011-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ceballos-Lascuráin, H. (1996). Tourism, ecotourism, and protected areas: The state of nature-based tourism around the world and guidelines for its development. Cambridge: IUCN.
   Google Scholar
• Cifuentes, M. (1992). Determinación de capacidad de carga turística enáreas protegidas [Determination of tourist carrying capacity in protected areas]. Bib. Orton IICA/CATIE.
   Google Scholar
• Con Dao National Park Management Board. (2016). Quyết định ban hanh Quy định về sức chứa của moi trường tại cac tuyến, điểm tham quan, du lịch sinh thai trong phạm vi quản ly của Vườn quốc gia Con Đảo [Decision regarding regulations on environmental carrying capacity management for all tours and ecotourism sites within Con Dao National Park]. Ba Ria- Vung Tau: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Dasmann, R. (1964). Wildlife biology. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Eagles, P. F. J. (2009). Governance of recreation and tourism partnerships in parks and protected areas. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(2), 231–248. doi: 10.1080/09669580802495725
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagles, P. F. J. & Hallo, J. C. (2013). Parks and protected areas in Canada and the United States. In H. Kinetics (Ed.), Introduction to recreation and leisure (2nd ed., pp. 93–126). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
   Google Scholar
• Eagles, P. F. J., & McCool, S. F. (2002). Tourism in national parks and protected areas: Planning and management. New York, NY: CABI.
   Google Scholar
• Emphandhu, D., Yemin, T., Pattanakiat, S., Tantasirin, C., Ruschano, R., Chettamart, S., & Nasa, M. (2006, September). Recreation carrying capacity analysis at Khao Leam Ya Mu Ko Samed National Park, Thailand. Paper presented at the third international conference on monitoring and management of visitor flows in recreational and protected areas, Rapperswil, Switzerland.
   Google Scholar
• Foster, A. (2004). A nonlinear model of information-seeking behavior. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 55(3), 228–237. doi: 10.1002/asi.10359
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghimire, K. B. (2001). The growth of national and regional tourism in developing countries: An overview. In K. B. Ghimire (Ed.), The native tourist: Mass tourism within developing countries (pp. 1–29). London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. New York, NY: Aldine.
   Google Scholar
• Graefe, A. R., Kuss, F. R., & Vaske, J. J. (1990). Visitor impact management: The planning framework. Washington, DC: National Parks and Conservation Association.
   Google Scholar
• Hammitt, W. E., & Cole, D. N. (1998). Wildland recreation: Ecology and management. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Hennink, M., Hutter, I., & Bailey, A. (2011). Qualitative research methods. London: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hof, M., & Lime, D. W. (1997). Visitor experience and resource protection framework in the national park system: Rationale, current status, and future direction. (No. INT-371) (pp. 29–36). Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service General Technical Report. Retrieved from https://www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/pubs/23907
   Google Scholar
• Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. doi: 10.1177/1049732305276687
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICEM. (2003). Lao PDR national report on protected areas and development. Review of protected areas and development in the lower Mekong River Region. Indooroopilly: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Ismail, M. M., Jaafar, M., & Mohamad, D. (2015). Social carrying capacity of ecotourism national park: Case study of national park Kual Tahan, Malaysia. Journal of the Malaysian Institute of Planners, 8, 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Kerkvliet, J., & Nowell, C. (2000). Tool for recreation management in parks: The case of the greater Yellowstone’s blue-ribbon fishery. Ecological Economics, 34, 89–100. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8009(00)00139-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klir, G. J., & Yuan, B. (1995). Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic: Theory and applications. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Kuss, F. R., Graefe, A. R., & Vaske, J. J. (1990). Visitor impact management: A review of research. Washington, DC: National Parks and Conservation Association.
   Google Scholar
• Le, H. B. (Ed.). (2015). Bảo vệ môi trường du lịch [Protecting tourism environment]. Ho Chi Minh: Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City.
   Google Scholar
• Le, H. B., Thai, L. N., Nguyen, T. T. N., Le, H., Thai, V. B., & Vo, D. L. (2009). Du lịch sinh thái [Ecotourism]. (2nd ed.). Ho Chi Minh: Science and Technology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Leopold, A. S., Cain, S. A., Cottam, C. M., Garibelson, I. N., & Campbell, T. L. (1963). Wildlife management in the national parks. Transactions of the North American Wildlife Resources Conference, 28, 29–44.
   Google Scholar
• Lime, D. W., & Stankey, G. H. (1971). Carrying capacity: Maintaining outdoor recreation quality. In Recreation symposium proceedings (pp. 174–184). USDA Forest Service.
   Google Scholar
• Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Lindberg, K., McCool, S., & Stankey, G. (1997). Rethinking carrying capacity. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(2), 461–465. doi: 10.1016/S0160-7383(97)80018-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linestone, H. A., & Turoff, M. (1975). The Delphi method: Techniques and applications. Reading: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Loucks, D. P. (1995). Developing and implementing decision support systems: A critique and a challenge. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 31(4), 571–582. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1995.tb03384.x
   Google Scholar
• Ly, T. P. (2015). Assessment of ecotourism management in a strictly protected area of a national park: Hang En Cave, Vietnam, The Athens Jean Monnet Papers, Jean Monnet European Center of Excellence – National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, No. 5, May 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Ly, T. P., & Xiao, H. (2016a). The choice of a park management model: A case study of Phong Nha-Ke Bang national park in Vietnam. Tourism Management Perspectives, 17, 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2015.10.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ly, T. P., & Xiao, H. (2016b). An innovative model of park governance: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Ecotourism, 15(2), 99–121. doi: 10.1080/14724049.2016.1145227
   Google Scholar
• Ma, X.-L., Ryan, C., & Bao, J.-G. (2009). Chinese national parks: Differences, resource use and tourism product portfolios. Tourism Management, 30(1), 21–30. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.04.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manning, R. E. (1985). Crowdings norms in back-country settings. Journal of Leisure Research, 17(2), 75–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manning, R. E. (1999). Studies in outdoor recreation. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Manning, R. E. (2001). Visitor experience and resource protection: A framework for managing the carrying capacity of national parks. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 19(1), 93–108.
   Google Scholar
• Manning, R. E., Valliere, W., Minteer, B., Wang, B., & Jacobi, C. (2000). Crowding in parks and outdoor recreation: A theoretical, empirical, and managerial analysis. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 18(4), 57–72.
   Google Scholar
• Mayring, P. (2000). Qualitative content analysis. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 1(2). Retrieved from https://217.160.35.246/fqs-texts/2-00/2-200mayring-e.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mekong Protected Areas. (2003). Field study: Cambodia. Bokor, Kirirom, Kep and Ream National Park. Retrieved from https://www.mekong-protected-areas.org/cambodia/docs/cambodia_field.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. (2007). Ban hanh quy chế Số 104/2007/QĐ-BNN quản ly cac hoạt động du lịch sinh thai tại cac vườn quốc gia, khu bảo tồn thien nhien [Regulations No.104/2007/QĐ-BNN on management of ecotourism activities in national park and nature reserves]. Author.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. (2011). Thông tư Sô´ 78/2011/TT-BNNPTNT quy định chi tiê´t thi hành Nghị định Sô´ 117/2010/NĐ-CP ngày 24/12/2010 của Chính Phủ vê` tổ chư´c và quản lý hệ thô´ng rư`ng đặc dụng [Circular No. 78/2011/TT-BNNPTNT on guide the implementation of the Decree No. 117/2010/NĐ-CP on organization and management of special use forest system]. Author.
   Google Scholar
• More, T. (2005). From public to private: Five concepts of park management and their consequences. The George Wright Forum, 22(2), 12–20.
   Google Scholar
• National Park Service. (1995). The visitor experience and resource protection implementation plan: Arches national park. Denver, CO: Denver Service Center.
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen, T. K. D., Bush, S. R., & Mol, A. P. J. (2016). The Vietnamese state and administrative co-management of nature reserves. Sustainability, 8(3), 1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patton, M. (2008). Utilization-focused evaluation (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Payne, R. J., & Nilsen, P. W. (2008). Visitor planning and management. In P. Dearden & R. Rollins (Eds.), Parks and protected areas in Canada: Planning and management (3rd ed., pp. 169–199). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pigram, J., & Jenkins, J. (2006). Outdoor recreation management (2nd ed.). Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Plummer, R. (2009). Outdoor recreation: An introduction. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Posavac, E. (2011). Programme evaluation: Methods and case studies (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Prato, T. (2001). Modeling carrying capacity for national parks. Ecological Economics, 39(3), 321–331. doi: 10.1016/S0921-8009(01)00248-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prato, T. (2007). Assessing ecosystem sustainability and management using fuzzy logic. Ecological Economics, 61(1), 171–177. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prato, T. (2009). Fuzzy adaptive management of social and ecological carrying capacities for protected areas. Journal of Environmental Management, 90(8), 2551–2557. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prato, T. (2012). Increasing resilience of natural protected areas to future climate change: A fuzzy adaptive management approach. Ecological Modelling, 242, 46–53. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.05.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• QSR International. (2016). NVivo 10 research software for analysis and insight. Retrieved from https://www.qsrinternational.com/products_nvivo.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Shelby, B., & Heberlein, T. A. (1986). Carrying capacity in recreation settings. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Simón, F., Narangajavana, Y., & Marqués, D. (2004). Carrying capacity in the tourism industry: A case study of Hengistbury Head. Tourism Management, 25(2), 275–283. doi: 10.1016/S0261-5177(03)00089-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stankey, G., Cole, D., Lucas, R., Peterson, M., Frissell, S., & Washburne, R. (1985). The limits of acceptable change (LAC) system for wilderness planning (No. INT-176). Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service General Technical Report.
   Google Scholar
• Stankey, G., & Lime, D. (1973). Recreational carrying capacity: An annotated biography. (No. INT-3). USDA Forest Service General Technical Report.
   Google Scholar
• Su, D., & Xiao, H. (2009). The governance of nature-based tourism in China: Issues and research perspectives. Journal of China Tourism Research, 5, 318–338. doi: 10.1080/19388160903382517
   Google Scholar
• Sugumaran, R., Meyer, J., & Davis, J. (2010). A web-based environmental decision support system for environmental planning and watershed management. In M. M. Fischer & A. Getis (Eds.), Handbook of applied spatial analysis (pp. 703–718). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-03647-7_33
   Google Scholar
• Sumner, E. (1936). Special report on a wildlife study of the High Sierra in Sequoia and Yosemite national parks and adjacent territory. New York, NY: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service.
   Google Scholar
• Suntikul, W. (2010). Tourism and political transition in reform-era Vietnam. In R. Butler & W. Suntikul (Eds.), Tourism and political change (pp. 133–143). Oxford: Goodfellow.
   Google Scholar
• Suntikul, W., Butler, R., & Airey, D. (2010). Implications of political change on national park operations: Doi moi and tourism to Vietnam’s national parks. Journal of Ecotourism, 9(3), 201–218. doi: 10.1080/14724040903144360
   Google Scholar
• The Government of Vietnam. (2003). Quyết định Số.192/2003/QĐ-TTG của Thủ Tướng Chinh Phủ về phe duyệt chiến lược quản ly cho hệ thống cac khu bảo tồn ở Việt Nam đến năm 2010 [Decision No.192/2003/QĐ-TTG of the Prime Minister to approve the management strategy for a protected areas system in Vietnam to 2010]. Hanoi: Author.
   Google Scholar
• The Government of Vietnam. (2006). Nghị định Số 23/2006/NĐ-CP về việc thực hiện cac quy định của phap luật về bảo vệ va phat triển rừng [Decree No. 23/2006/NĐ-CP on the implementation of the law on forest protection and development]. Hanoi: Author.
   Google Scholar
• The Government of Vietnam. (2010). Nghị định số 117/2010/NĐ-CP về tổ chức va quản ly hệ thống rừng đặc dụng [Decree No. 117/2010/NĐ-CP on organisation and management of the Special-use Forest system]. Hanoi: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Tran, N., Nguyen, T. L., Nguyen, D. T., Dang, M., & Dinh, X. T. (2007). Tourism carrying capacity assessment for Phong Nha – Ke Bang and Dong Hoi, Quang Binh Province. VNU Journal of Science, 23, 80–87.
   Google Scholar
• Vietnam National Administration of Tourism. (2017). Tourism statistics report. Retrieved from https://www.vietnamtourism.com/index.php/news/cat/20
   Google Scholar
• Vo, Q. (2008). Vận dụng công thức của A.M.Cifuentes và H. Ceballos-Lascurain để áp dụng tính toán sức chứa cho các khu du lịch sinh thái ở Việt Nam [The use of the formulas of Cifuentes and Ceballos-Lascurain to calculate the carrying capacity of ecotourism sites at Vietnam]. Hanoi: Institute for Tourism Development Research.
   Google Scholar
• World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our common future. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from https://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780192820808.do#.UePExm0yjDo
   Google Scholar