Do smart apps encourage tourists to walk and cycle? Comparing heavy versus non-heavy users of smart apps

References

• Abu-Sharkh, O. M. F., & Dabain, Z. (2016). Greenbikenet: An intelligent mobile application with green wireless networking for cycling in smart cities. Mobile Networks and Applications, 21(2), 352–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-015-0652-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barratt, P. (2017). Healthy competition: A qualitative study investigating persuasive technologies and the gamification of cycling. Health and Place, 46(50), 328–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2016.09.009
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brand, C., Dons, E., Anaya-Boig, E., Avila-Palencia, I., Clark, A., de Nazelle, A., Gascon, M., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Gerike, R., Götschi, T., Iacorossi, F., Kahlmeier, S., Laeremans, M., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., Pablo Orjuela, J., Racioppi, F., Raser, E., Rojas-Rueda, D., Standaert, A., … Int Panis, L. (2021a). The climate change mitigation effects of daily active travel in cities. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 93, Article 102764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102764
   Google Scholar
• Brand, C., Götschi, T., Dons, E., Gerike, R., Anaya-Boig, E., Avila-Palencia, I., de Nazelle, A., Gascon, M., Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Iacorossi, F., Kahlmeier, S., Int Panis, L., Racioppi, F., Rojas-Rueda, D., Standaert, A., Stigell, E., Sulikova, S., Wegener, S., & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2021b). The climate change mitigation impacts of active travel: Evidence from a longitudinal panel study in seven European cities. Global Environmental Change, 67, Article 102224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102224
   Google Scholar
• Brislin, R. W. (1970). Back-translation for cross-cultural research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1(3), 185–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/135910457000100301
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunds, K. S., Casper, J. M., Hipp, J. A., & Koenigstorfer, J. (2019). Recreational walking decisions in urban away-from-home environments: The relevance of air quality, noise, traffic, and the natural environment. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 65, 363–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.08.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, X., Zhu, Z., Chen, M., & Li, Y. (2018). Large-scale mobile fitness app usage analysis for smart health. IEEE Communications Magazine, 56(4), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700807
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, A., Koo, C., & Yoon, H. (2021). The use of travel-related WeChat mini-programs in China: An affordance theory perspective. Journal of Smart Tourism, 1(2), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.52255/smarttourism.2021.1.2.6
   Google Scholar
• Choi, S., & Kim, I. (2021). Sustainability of nature walking trails: Predicting walking tourists’ engagement in pro-environmental behaviors. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(7), 748–767. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.1908385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicchetti, D. V., Shoinralter, D., & Tyrer, P. J. (1985). The effect of number of rating scale categories on levels of interrater reliability: A Monte Carlo investigation. Applied Psychological Measurement, 9(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662168500900103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cochran, W. G. (1952). The χ2 test of goodness of fit. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 23(3), 315–345. https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177729380
   Google Scholar
• De Vos, J., Schwanen, T., Van Acker, V., & Witlox, F. (2019). Do satisfying walking and cycling trips result in more future trips with active travel modes? An exploratory study. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 13(3), 180–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2018.1456580
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickinson, J. E., Lumsdon, L. M., & Robbins, D. (2011). Slow travel: Issues for tourism and climate change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(3), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2010.524704
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domínguez, J. M. L., & Sanguino, T. J. M. (2021). 21. Walking secure: Safe routing planning algorithm and pedestrian’s crossing intention detector based on fuzzy logic app. Sensors, 21(2), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.3042733
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ek, A., Alexandrou, C., Delisle Nyström, C., Direito, A., Eriksson, U., Hammar, U., Henriksson, P., Maddison, R., Trolle Lagerros, Y., & Löf, M. (2018). The smart city active mobile phone intervention (SCAMPI) study to promote physical activity through active transportation in healthy adults: A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4524-0
   Google Scholar
• Frank, L. D., Sallis, J. F., Conway, T. L., Chapman, J. E., Saelens, B. E., & Bachman, W. (2006). Many pathways from land use to health: Associations between neighborhood walkability and active transportation, body mass index, and air quality. Journal of the American Planning Association, 72(1), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360608976725
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García, J., Mars, L., Arroyo, R., Casquero, D., di Ciommo, F., & Ruiz, T. (2019). Personal values, attitudes and travel intentions towards cycling and walking, and actual behavior. Sustainability, 11(13), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133574
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerike, R., de Nazelle, A., Wittwer, R., & Parkin, J. (2019). Special issue “walking and cycling for better transport, health and the environment.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 123(March), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2019.02.010
   Google Scholar
• Ghaderi, Z., Hatamifar, P., & Ghahramani, L. (2019). How smartphones enhance local tourism experiences? Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 24(8), 778–788. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2019.1630456
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glazener, A., & Khreis, H. (2019). Transforming our cities: Best practices towards clean air and active transportation. Current Environmental Health Reports, 6(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-019-0228-1
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Götschi, T., Kahlmeier, S., Castro, A., Brand, C., Cavill, N., Kelly, P., Lieb, C., Rojas-Rueda, D., Woodcock, J., & Racioppi, F. (2020). Integrated impact assessment of active travel: Expanding the scope of the health economic assessment tool (HEAT) for walking and cycling. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207361
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, Y., Peeta, S., Agrawal, S., & Benedyk, I. (2021). Impacts of Pokémon GO on route and mode choice decisions: exploring the potential for integrating augmented reality, gamification, and social components in mobile apps to influence travel decisions. Transportation, in press. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-021-10181-9
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2020). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage.
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, C. M., Le-Klähn, D. T., & Ram, Y. (2017). Tourism, public transport and sustainable mobility. Channel View Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, C. M., & Ram, Y. (2018). Walk score® and its potential contribution to the study of active transport and walkability: A critical and systematic review. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 61(December 2017), 310–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.12.018
   Google Scholar
• Hall, C. M., & Ram, Y. (2021). Weather and climate in the assessment of tourism-related walkability. International Journal of Biometeorology, 65(5), 729–739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-019-01801-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, C. M., Ram, Y., & Shoval, N. (2018). The Routledge international handbook of walking (1st ed.). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Han, H., Lho, L. H., Al-Ansi, A., & Yu, J. (2020). Cycling tourism: A perspective article. Tourism Review, 75(1), 162–164. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2019-0268
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handayani, D., Purwaningsih, S., & Mahmudah, A. M. H. (2019). Modal choice analysis between cycling and walking of tourist areas in Surakarta. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2114, Article 040008. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5112437
   Google Scholar
• Hecht, R., Artmann, M., Brzoska, P., Burghardt, D., Cakir, S., Dunkel, A., Gröbe, M., Gugulica, M., Krellenberg, K., Kreutzarek, N., Lautenbach, S., Ludwig, C., Lümkemann, D., Meinel, G., Schorcht, M., Sonnenbichler, A., Stanley, C., Tenikl, J., Wurm, M., & Zipf, A. (2021). A web app to generate and disseminate new knowledge on urban green space qualities and their accessibility. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 8(4/W1-2021), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-VIII-4-W1-2021-65-2021
   Google Scholar
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogendorf, M., Oude Groeniger, J., Noordzij, J. M., Beenackers, M. A., & van Lenthe, F. J. (2020). Longitudinal effects of urban green space on walking and cycling: A fixed effects analysis. Health and Place, 61, Article 102264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.102264
   Google Scholar
• Hu, L., Zhu, L., Xu, Y., Lyu, J., Imm, K., & Yang, L. (2017). Relationship between air quality and outdoor exercise behavior in China: A novel mobile-based study. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 24(4), 520–527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-017-9647-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamboj, S., & Gupta, S. (2020). Use of smart phone apps in co-creative hotel service innovation: An evidence from India. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(3), 323–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1513459
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato, K., & Progano, R. N. (2017). Spiritual (walking) tourism as a foundation for sustainable destination development: Kumano-kodo pilgrimage, Wakayama, Japan. Tourism Management Perspectives, 24, 243–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2017.07.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. H., Choi, W. S., Song, J. Y., Yoon, Y. K., Kim, M. J., & Sohn, J. W. (2021). The role of smart monitoring digital health care system based on smartphone application and personal health record platform for patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. BMC Infectious Diseases, 21(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-05706-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, M. J., & Hall, C. M. (2021). Is tourist walkability and well-being different? Current Issues in Tourism, in press. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.2017409
   Google Scholar
• Kim, M. J., & Hall, C. M. (2022a). Application of EMGB to study impacts of public green space on active transport behavior: Evidence from South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7459. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, M. J., & Hall, C. M. (2022b). The influence of personal and public health and smart applications on biking behavior in South Korea. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2076
   Google Scholar
• Kim, M. J., Kim, W. G., Kim, J. M., & Kim, C. (2016). Does knowledge matter to seniors’ usage of mobile devices? Focusing on Motivation and Attachment. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(8), 1702–1727. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2015-0031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korsgaard, M. A., & Roberson, L. (1995). Procedural justice in performance evaluation: The role of instrumental and non-instrumental voice in performance appraisal discussions. Journal of Management, 21(4), 657–669. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639502100404
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer, J. N., Künzler, F., Mishra, V., Smith, S. N., Kotz, D., Scholz, U., Fleisch, E., & Kowatsch, T. (2020). Which components of a smartphone walking app help users to reach personalized step goals? Results from an optimization trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 54(7), 518–528. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laurier, E., Brown, B., & McGregor, M. (2016). Mediated pedestrian mobility: Walking and the map app. Mobilities, 11(1), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2015.1099900
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Dinh, T., Pham Thi, T. T., Pham-Nguyen, C., & Nam, L. N. H. (2021). A knowledge-based model for context-aware smart service systems. Journal of Information and Telecommunication, 6(2), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/24751839.2021.1962105
   Google Scholar
• Leuzinger, S., Borrelle, S. B., & Jarvis, R. M. (2019). Improving climate-change literacy and science communication through smart device apps. Frontiers in Education, 4, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2019.00138
   Google Scholar
• Li, L., Park, P., & Yang, S. B. (2021). The role of public-private partnership in constructing the smart transportation city: A case of the bike sharing platform. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(4), 428–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1544913
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, W., Chen, Q., Jiang, M., Tao, J., Liu, Z., Zhang, X., Wu, L., Xu, S., Kang, Y., & Zeng, Q. (2020). Sitting or walking? Analyzing the neural emotional indicators of urban green space behavior with mobile EEG. Journal of Urban Health, 97(2), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-019-00407-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maizlish, N., Linesch, N. J., & Woodcock, J. (2017). Health and greenhouse gas mitigation benefits of ambitious expansion of cycling, walking, and transit in california. Journal of Transport and Health, 6(May), 490–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.04.011
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mason, P., & Leberman, S. (2000). Local planning for recreation and tourism: A case study of mountain biking from New Zealand’s manawatu region. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(2), 97–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580008667351
   Google Scholar
• Meng, M., Zhang, J., Wong, Y. D., & Au, P. H. (2016). Effect of weather conditions and weather forecast on cycling travel behavior in Singapore. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 10(9), 773–780. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2016.1149646
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merom, D., Tudor- Locke, C., Bauman, A., & Rissel, C. (2006). Active commuting to school among NSW primary school children: Implications for public health. Health and Place, 12(4), 678–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2005.09.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of the Interior and Safety. (2021). Resident registration demographics. https://jumin.mois.go.kr/#
   Google Scholar
• Nikolaeva, A., Brömmelstroet, M., Raven, R., & Ranson, J. (2019). Smart cycling futures: Charting a new terrain and moving towards a research agenda. Journal of Transport Geography, 79, Article 102486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102486
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olya, H. G. T. (2020). Towards advancing theory and methods on tourism development from residents’ perspectives: Developing a framework on the pathway to impact. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1843046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olya, H. G. T., Altinay Gazi, Z., Altinay Aksal, F., & Altinay, M. (2018). Behavioral intentions of disabled tourists for the use of peer-to-peer accommodations: An application of fsQCA. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(1), 436–454. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2016-0471
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panter, J., Griffin, S., Jones, A., Mackett, R., & Ogilvie, D. (2011). Correlates of time spent walking and cycling to and from work: Baseline results from the commuting and health in Cambridge study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-8-124
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Perez-Aranda, J., González Robles, E. M., & Urbistondo, P. A. (2021). Sport-related physical activity in tourism: An analysis of antecedents of sport based applications use. Information Technology and Tourism, 23(1), 97–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-019-00161-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preston, C. C., & Colman, A. M. (2000). Optimal number of response categories in rating scales: Reliability, validity, discriminating power, and respondent preferences. Acta Psychologica, 104(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-6918(99)00050-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pucher, J., Buehler, R., Bassett, D. R., & Dannenberg, A. L. (2010). Walking and cycling to health: A comparative analysis of city, state, and international data. American Journal of Public Health, 100(10), 1986–1992. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.189324
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pucher, J., & Dijkstra, L. (2003). Promoting safe walking and cycling to improve public health: Lessons from The Netherlands and Germany. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1509–1516. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragin, C. C. (2017). User’s guide to Fuzzy-set/Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Manual based on fsQCA 3.0. https://www.socsci.uci.edu/~cragin/fsQCA/software.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Ram, Y., & Hall, C. M. (2018). Walking tourism in cities: Introducing the special issue. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 4(3), 281–284. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-09-2018-098
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Khoo-Lattimore, C., Md Noor, S., Jaafar, M., & Konar, R. (2021). Tourist engagement and loyalty: Gender matters? Current Issues in Tourism, 24(6), 871–885. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1765321
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rehling, J., Bunge, C., Waldhauer, J., & Conrad, A. (2021). Socioeconomic differences in walking time of children and adolescents to public green spaces in urban areas—results of the German environmental survey (2014–2017). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052326
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, F. R., Silva, A., Barbosa, F., Silva, A. P., & Metrôlho, J. C. (2018). Mobile applications for accessible tourism: Overview, challenges and a proposed platform. Information Technology and Tourism, 19(1–4), 29–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-018-0110-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J. M. (2015). SmartPLS 3.3.5. http://www.smartpls.com
   Google Scholar
• Scorza, F., & Fortunato, G. (2021). Cyclable cities: Building feasible scenario through urban space morphology assessment. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 147(4), Article 05021039. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000713
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snelson-Powell, A. C., Grosvold, J., & Millington, A. I. (2020). Organizational hypocrisy in business schools with sustainability commitments: The drivers of talk-action inconsistency. Journal of Business Research, 114, 408–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.08.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strandell, A., & Hall, C. M. (2015). Impact of the residential environment on second home use in Finland - testing the compensation hypothesis. Landscape and Urban Planning, 133, 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.09.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss, J., & Miranda-Moreno, L. F. (2017). Speed, travel time and delay for intersections and road segments in the Montreal network using cyclist smartphone GPS data. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 57(September), 155–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.001
   Google Scholar
• Tavitiyaman, P., Qu, H., Tsang, W. L., & Lam, C. W. R. (2021). Smart tourism application and destination image: Mediating role of theory of mind (ToM). Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(8), 905–920. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.1928252
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thangammal, C. B., Ilamathi, K., Poonkuzhali, P., & Aarthi, R. (2022). An IoT enabled air quality monitoring mobile app for smart cities. In Lecture notes in networks and systems (Vol. 237, pp. 275–285). Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Thanh, T. T. M., Van Dao, D., & Ly, H.-B. (2020). Analysis of tourist travel behavior and recommendation for active transport encouragement strategies, the case of Hue City. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 54, 1049–1055. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0802-8_168
   Google Scholar
• Walsh, J. C., Corbett, T., Hogan, M., Duggan, J., & McNamara, A. (2016). An mhealth intervention using a smartphone app to increase walking behavior in young adults: A pilot study. JMIR MHealth and UHealth, 4(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.5227
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weston, R., & Mota, J. C. (2012). Low carbon tourism travel: Cycling, walking and trails. Tourism Planning and Development, 9(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2012.658168
   Google Scholar
• Wolf, I. D., Stricker, H. K., & Hagenloh, G. (2015). Outcome-focused national park experience management: Transforming participants, promoting social well-being, and fostering place attachment. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(3), 358–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.959968
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood, L., Hooper, P., Foster, S., & Bull, F. (2017). Public green spaces and positive mental health – investigating the relationship between access, quantity and types of parks and mental wellbeing. Health and Place, 48, 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.09.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yun, H. J., Kang, D. J., & Lee, M. J. (2018). Spatiotemporal distribution of urban walking tourists by season using GPS-based smartphone application. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(11), 1047–1061. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1513949
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaujan, N., M, A., Ali, A., Osman, M., Chee, H. Y., Ithnin, N. R., Misni, N., Sukeri, S., & Chin, C. P. (2021). Effect of smartphone app’s intervention on consumers’ knowledge, attitude, practice, and perception of food poisoning prevention when dining out at selected rural areas in terengganu. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), Article 10294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910294
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, J., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Tourism and low-carbon performance: An fsQCA approach. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 26(6), 626–639. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2021.1886133
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhanyou, W., Dongmei, H., & Yaopei, Z. (2020). How to improve users’ intentions to continued usage of shared bicycles: A mixed method approach. PLoS One, 15(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229458
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar