References
- Agar, B.J., B.W. Baetz, and B.G. Wilson. 2007. Fuel consumption, emissions estimation, and emissions cost estimates using global positioning data. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 57(3):348–54. doi:10.1080/10473289.2007.10465328
- Battelle. 2003. Environmental technology verification report: Clean Air Technologies International, Inc. REMOTE on-Board Emissions Monitor. Prepared by Battelle, Columbus, OH, for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, MI.
- Block, M., N. Clark, S. Wayne, R. Nine, and W. Miller. 2005. An investigation into the emissions reduction performance of an SCR system over two years’ in-use heavy-duty vehicle operation. SAE Tech. Paper 2005-01-1861. doi:10.4271/2005-01-1861
- Brodrick, C.-J., E. A. Laca, A. F. Burke, M. Farshchi, L. Li, and M. Deaton. 2004. Effect of vehicle operation, weight, and accessory use on emissions from a modern heavy-duty diesel truck. Transport. Res. Rec. J. Transport. Res. Board 1880:119–25. doi:10.3141/1880-14
- California Air Resources Board. 1998. Identification of particulate emissions from diesel-fueled engines as a toxic air contaminant. California Air Resources Board. http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/diesltac/diesltac.htm
- Cannon, J.S. 2006. Greening garbage trucks: Trends in alternative fuel use, 2002–2005. New York, NY: INFORM, Inc. http://www.informinc.org/reportpdfs/st/GGTUPDATEFINAL.pdf
- Clark, N. N., J. M. Kern, C. M. Atkinson, and R. D. Nine. 2002. Factors affecting heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 52(1):84–94. doi:10.1080/10473289.2002.10470755
- Clark, N. N., B. L. Rapp, M. Gautam, W. Wang, and D. W. Lyons. 1998. A long term field emissions study of natural gas fueled refuse haulers in New York City. SAE Tech. Paper 982456. doi:10.4271/982456
- Clean Air Technologies International, Inc. 2008. OEM-2100AX Axion System user’s manual, Version 2.0. Buffalo, NY: Clean Air Technologies International, Inc.
- Dallmann, T.R., S.J. DeMartini, T.W. Kirchstetter, S.C. Herndon, T.B. Onasch, E.C. Wood, and R.A. Harley. 2012. On-road measurement of gas and particle phase pollutant emission factors for individual heavy-duty diesel trucks. Environ. Sci. Technol. 46(15):8511–18. doi:10.1021/es301936c
- DieselNet. 2000. Emission test cycles: Central business district (CBD). http://www.dieselnet.com/standards/cycles/cbd.php (accessed November 14, 2014).
- Farzaneh, M., J. Zietsman, and D.-W. Lee. 2009. Evaluation of in-use emissions from refuse trucks. Transport. Res. Rec. J. Transport. Res. Board 2123:38–45. doi:10.3141/2123-05
- Frey, H.C., and K. Kim. 2006. Comparison of real-world fuel use and emissions for dump trucks fueled with B20 biodiesel versus petroleum diesel. Transport. Res. Rec. J. Transport. Res. Board 1987:110–17. doi:10.3141/1987-12
- Frey, H.C., and K. Kim. 2009. In-use measurement of the activity, fuel use, and emissions of eight cement mixer trucks operated on each of petroleum diesel and soy-based B20 biodiesel. Transport. Res. Part D 14(8): 585–592. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2009.08.004
- Gajendran, P., and N.N. Clark. 2003. Effect of truck operating weight on heavy-duty diesel emissions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37(18):4309–17. doi:10.1021/es026299y
- Gautam, M., D. Ferguson, W.G. Wang, R. Bata, D. Lyons, N. Clark, G.M. Palmer, and S. Katragadda. 1992. In-Use emissions and performance monitoring of heavy duty vehicles using a transportable transient chassis test facility. SAE Tech. Paper 921751. doi:10.4271/921751
- Herner, J.D., S. Hu, W.H. Robertson, T. Huai, J.F. Collins, H. Dwyer, and A. Ayala. 2009. Effect of advanced aftertreatment for PM and NOx control on heavy-duty diesel truck emissions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43(15):5928–33. doi:10.1021/es9008294
- Ivanič, Ž. 2007. Data collection and development of New York City refuse truck duty cycle. SAE Tech. Paper 2007-01-4118. doi:10.4271/2007-01-4118
- Jamriska, M., L. Morawska, S. Thomas, and C. He. 2004. Diesel bus emissions measured in a tunnel study. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38(24):6701–9. doi:10.1021/es030662z
- Jiménez-Palacios, J. L. 1999. Understanding and quantifying motor vehicle emissions with vehicle specific power and TILDAS remote sensing. Thesis. Boston, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/44505
- Khalek, I. A., T. L. Bougher, P. M. Merritt, and B. Zielinska. 2011. Regulated and unregulated emissions from highway heavy-duty diesel engines complying with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2007 emissions standards. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 61(4):427–42. doi:10.3155/1047-3289.61.4.427
- Kittelson, D.B., W.F. Watts, J.P. Johnson, C. Rowntree, M. Payne, S. Goodier, C. Warrens, et al. 2006. On-road evaluation of two diesel exhaust aftertreatment devices. J. Aerosol Sci. 37(9):1140–51. doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2005.11.003
- Lee, D.-W., J. Zietsman, M. Farzaneh, and J. Johnson. 2011. Characterization of on-road emissions of compressed natural gas and diesel refuse trucks. Transport. Res. Rec. J. Transport. Res. Board 2233:80–89. doi:10.3141/2233-10
- Maimoun, M.A., D.R. Reinhart, F.T. Gammoh, and P. McCauley Bush. 2013. Emissions from US waste collection vehicles. Waste Manag. 33(5): 1079–89. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2012.12.021
- Merrill, L. 2000. Your ticket to the rolloff roundup. MSW Manage. 10(2). http://www.mswmanagement.com/MSW/articles/4453.aspx
- National Toxicology Program. 2014. 13th Report on carcinogens. Prepared by the National Toxicology Program for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, October 2, 2014. http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/pubhealth/roc/roc13/index.html (accessed January 2, 2015).
- NGVAmerica. 2014. For fleets > refuse. https://www.ngvamerica.org/vehicles/for-fleets/refuse/ (accessed November 14, 2014).
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 2011. Effect of weight and roadway grade on the fuel economy of class-8 freight trucks. ORNL/TM-2011/471. Oak Ridge, TN: Prepared by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for U.S. Department of Energy. http://cta.ornl.gov/cta/Publications/Reports/ORNL_TM_2011_471.pdf.
- Ramamurthy, R., and N.N. Clark. 1999. Atmospheric emissions inventory data for heavy-duty vehicles. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33(1):55–62. doi:10.1021/es980692f
- Reul-Chen, C.K., C. Ross, N.L.C. Steele, and A.M. Winer. 2005. Exhaust temperature profiles for application of passive diesel particulate filters to solid waste collection vehicles in California. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 55(2):241–47. doi:10.1080/10473289.2005.10464615
- Sandhu, G.S., and H.C. Frey. 2012. Real-world measurement and evaluation of duty cycles, fuels, and emission control technologies of heavy-duty trucks. Transport. Res. Rec. J. Transport. Res. Board 2270:180–87. doi:10.3141/2270-21
- Sandhu, G.S., and H.C. Frey. 2013. Effects of errors on vehicle emission rates from portable emissions measurement systems. Transport. Res. Rec. J. Transport. Res. Board 2340:10–19. doi:10.3141/2340-02
- Sandhu, G.S., H.C. Frey, S. Bartelt-Hunt, and E. Jones. 2014. In-use measurement of the activity, fuel use, and emissions of front-loader refuse trucks. Atmos. Environ. 92:557–65. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.036
- Singer, B.C., R.A. Harley, D. Littlejohn, J. Ho, and T. Vo. 1998. Scaling of infrared remote sensor hydrocarbon measurements for motor vehicle emission inventory calculations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32(21):3241–48. doi:10.1021/es980392y
- Strimer, C.M., N.N. Clark, D. Carder, M. Gautam, and G. Thompson. 2005. Impact of vehicle weight on truck behavior and emissions, using on-board measurement. SAE Tech. Paper 2005-01-3788. doi:10.4271/2005-01-3788
- Tang, S.D., L. Graham, L. Shen, X.L. Zhou, and T. Lanni. 2004. Simultaneous determination of carbonyls and NO2 in exhausts of heavy-duty diesel trucks and transit buses by HPLC Following 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine cartridge collection. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38(22):5968–76. doi:10.1021/es0353356
- Thiruvengadam, A., D.K. Carder, M. Krishnamurthy, and M. Gautam. 2010. Comparison of regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions from a fleet of multi-fuel solid resource collection vehicles. Proceedings of the ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, September 12–15, 139–147. San Antonio, TX: American Society of Mechanical Engineers. doi:10.1115/ICEF2010-35053
- U.S. Department of Transportation. 2010. Transportation’s role in reducing U.S. greenhouse gas emissions, volume 1: Synthesis report. Report to Congress. U.S. Department of Transportation. http://ntl.bts.gov/lib/32000/32700/32779/DOT_Climate_Change_Report_-_April_2010_-_Volume_1_and_2.pdf
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2008. Integrated science assessment for oxides of nitrogen—Health criteria. EPA/600/R-08/071. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment–RTP Division. http://ofmpub.epa.gov/eims/eimscomm.getfile?p_download_id=475020.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2009a. Draft Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) 2009 - Software design and reference manual. EPA-420-B-09-007. Ann Arbor, MI: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/420b09007.pdf.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2009b. Integrated science assessment for particulate matter. EPA/600/R-08/139F. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment–RTP Division. http://www.epa.gov/ncea/pdfs/partmatt/Dec2009/PM_ISA_full.pdf.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2010. MOVES2010 highway vehicle: Population and activity data. Final report. EPA-420-R-10-026. Ann Arbor, MI: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/420r10026.pdf
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2012a. Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES)—User guide for MOVES2010b. Final report. EPA-420-B-12-001b. Ann Arbor, MI: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/documents/420b12001b.pdf
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2012b. Development of emission rates for heavy-duty vehicles in the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator MOVES2010. Final report. EPA-420-B-12-049. Ann Arbor, MI: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Transportation and Air Quality. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/documents/420b12049.pdf
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2013a. Heavy-duty highway compression-ignition engines and urban buses—Exhaust emission standards. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/standards/heavy-duty/hdci-exhaust.htm (accessed November 14, 2014).
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2013b. National Clean Diesel Campaign: Technologies—Diesel retrofit devices. http://www.epa.gov/cleandiesel/technologies/retrofits.htm (accessed November 14, 2014).
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2013c. 2008 National Emissions Inventory: Review, analysis and highlights. EPA-454/R-13-005. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. http://www.epa.gov/ttnchie1/net/2008report.pdf.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2014a. Municipal solid waste generation, recycling, and disposal in the United States: Facts and figures for 2012. EPA-530-F-14-001. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste. http://www.epa.gov/osw/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/2012_msw_fs.pdf.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2014b. Official release of the MOVES2014 Motor Vehicle Emissions Model for SIPs and transportation conformity. Fed. Reg. 79(194):60343–47.
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2014c. MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator). http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves (accessed November 14, 2014).
- U.S. Government Printing Office. 2014. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40: Protection of environment, Part 1065—Engine-testing procedures. http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=00972928cbc4a946e5d324033e3c6977&node=pt40.33.1065&rgn=div5 (accessed January 2, 2015)
- Vojtisek-Lom, M., and J.E. Allsop. 2001. Development of heavy-duty diesel portable, on-board mass exhaust emissions monitoring system with NOx, CO2 and qualitative PM capabilities. SAE Tech. Paper 2001-01-3641. doi:10.4271/2001-01-3641
- Vojtisek-Lom, M., and J.T. Cobb. 1998. On-Road light-duty vehicle emissions measurements using a novel inexpensive on-board portable system. Proceedings of the 8th CRC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop, San Diego, CA, April 20–22, 1998.
- Walkowicz, K., K. Proc, S. Wayne, R. Nine, K. Campbell, and G. Wiedemeier. 2003. Chassis dynamometer emission measurements from refuse trucks using Dual-FuelTM natural gas engines. SAE Tech. Paper 2003-01-3366. doi:10.4271/2003-01-3366
- Washington State Department of Labor & Industries. 2004. Demonstration project: Solid waste management and recycling. Washington State Department of Labor & Industries. http://www.lni.wa.gov/safety/SprainsStrains/demofnl/solidwasterecycling.pdf
- World Health Organization–IARC. 2012. IARC: Diesel engine exhaust carcinogenic. World Health Organization. http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2012/pdfs/pr213_E.pdf
- Yun, B.K., and M. Kim. 2013. Modeling the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia over a vanadia-based catalyst from heavy duty diesel exhaust gases. Appl. Therm. Eng. 50(1):152–58. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.05.039