Effects of unregulated anthropogenic activities on mixing ratios of volatile organic air pollutants—A case study

References

• Atkinson, R. 2000. Atmospheric chemistry of VOCs and NOx. Atmos. Environ. 34:2063–2101. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00460-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cakmak, S., R.E. Dales, and V.C. Blanco. 2007. Air pollution and mortality in Chile: Susceptibility among the elderly. Environ. Health Perspect. 115:524–527. doi:10.1289/ehp.9567
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, W. 1994. Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 44:881–889. doi:10.1080/1073161X.1994.10467290
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, W.P.L. 2009. Updated maximum incremental reactivity scale and 505 Hydrocarbon bin reactivities for regulatory applications. Prepared for California Air Resources Board, Riverside, CA, Contract 07–339.
   Google Scholar
• Cerqueira, M., L. Gomes, L. Tarelho, and C. Pio. 2013. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde emissions from residential wood combustion in Portugal. Atmos. Environ. 72:171–176. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.02.045
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, S.C., T.H. Lin, C.Y. Young, and C.T. Lee. 2011. The impact of ground-level fireworks (13 km long) display on the air quality during the traditional Yanshui Lantern Festival in Taiwan. Environ Monit. Assess. 172:463–479. doi:10.1007/s10661-010-1347-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, Y., S.C. Lee, Y. Huang, K.F. Ho, S.S.H. Ho, P.S. Yau, P.K.K. Louie, and R.J. Zhang. 2014. Diurnal and seasonal trends of carbonyl compounds in roadside, urban, and suburban environment of Hong Kong. Atmos. Environ. 89:43–51. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). 2010. Study of Urban Air Quality in Kolkata for Source Identification and Estimation of Ozone, Carbonyls, NO_x and VOC Emissions. Control of Urban Pollution Series: CUPS/72/20010-11. Delhi, India: Central Pollution Control Board.
   Google Scholar
• Croteau, G., R. Dills, M. Beaudreau, and M. Davis. 2010. Emission factors and exposures from ground-level pyrotechnics. Atmos. Environ. 44:3295–3303. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drewnick, F., S.S. Hings, J. Curtius, G. Eerdekens, and J. Williams. 2006. Measurement of fine particulate and gas-phase species during the New Year’s fireworks 2005 in Mainz, Germany. Atmos. Environ. 40:4316–4327. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duane, M., B. Poma, D. Rembges, C. Astorga, and B.R. Larsen. 2002. Isoprene and its degradation products as strong ozone precursors in Insubria, northern Italy. Atmos. Environ. 36:3867–3879. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00359-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta, C., D. Som, A. Chatterjee, A.K. Mukherjee, T.K. Jana, and S. Sen. 2009. Mixing ratios of carbonyls and BTEX in ambient air of Kolkata, India and their associated health risk. Environ. Monit. Assess. 148:97–107. doi:10.1007/s10661-007-0142-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edgerton, S.A., M.W. Holdren, and D.I. Smith. 1989. Inter urban comparison of ambient volatile organic compound concentration in U.S. cities. J. Air Pollut. Cont. Assoc. 39:729–732. doi:10.1080/08940630.1989.10466561
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estrellan, C.R., and F. Iino. 2010. Toxic emissions from open burning. Chemosphere 80:193–207. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.03.057
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleischer, O., H. Wichmann, and W. Lorenz. 1999. Release of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans by setting off fireworks. Chemosphere 39:925–932. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00019-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecht, S.S., A. Seow, M. Wang, R. Wang, L. Meng, W.P. Koh, S.G. Carmella, M. Chen, S. Han, M.C. Yu, and J.M. Yuan. 2010. Elevated levels of volatile organic carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers in Chinese women who regularly cook at home. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 19(5):1185–92. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-1291
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joumard, R., J.-M. Andre, L. Paturel, and F. Cazier. Exhaust emissions of regulated and unregulated pollutants of passenger cars. Presented at 10th CONAT Automotive and Future Technologies, Brasov, Romania, October 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Kerns, W.D., K.L. Parkov, D.J. Donofrio, E.J. Gralla, and J.A. Swenberg. 1983. Carcinogenicity of formaldehyde in rats and mice after long-term inhalation exposure. Cancer Res. 43:4382–4392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulshrestha, U.C., T.R. Nageswara, S. Azhaguvel, and M.J. Kulshrestha. 2004. Emissions and accumulation of metals in the atmosphere due to crackers and sparkles during Diwali festival in India. Atmos. Environ. 38:4421–4425. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S.-C., and B. Wang. 2004. Characteristics of emissions of air pollutants from burning of incense in a large environmental chamber. Atmos. Environ. 38:941–951. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.11.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemieux, P.M., C.C. Lutes, and D.A. Santoianni. 2004. Emissions of organic air toxics from open burning: A comprehensive review. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 30:1–32. doi:10.1016/j.pecs.2003.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majumdar, D., and A. Srivastava. 2012. Volatile organic compound emissions from municipal solid waste disposal sites: A case study of Mumbai, India. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 62(4):398–407. doi:10.1080/10473289.2012.655405
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majumdar, D., S. Ray, S. Chakraborty, P.S. Rao, A.B. Akolkar, M. Chowdhury, and A. Srivastava. 2014. Emission, speciation, and evaluation of impacts of nonmethane volatile organic compounds from open dump site, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 64:834–845. doi:10.1080/10962247.2013.873747
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandal, R., B.K. Sen, and S. Sen. 1997. Impact of fireworks on our environment. Indian J. Environ. Protect. 17:850–853.
   Google Scholar
• Moussa, S.G., M. El-Fadel, and N.A. Saliba. 2006. Seasonal, diurnal and nocturnal behavoiursbehaviors of lower carbonyl compounds in the urban environment of Beirut, Lebanon. Atmos. Environ. 40:2459–2468. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishanth, T., K.M. Praseed, K. Rathnakaran, K.M.K. Satheesh, R. Ravi Krishna, and K.T. Valsaraj. 2012. Atmospheric pollution in a semi-urban, coastal region in India following festival seasons. Atmos. Environ. 47:295–306. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang, X., and Y. Mu. 2006. Seasonal and diurnal variations of carbonyl compounds in Beijing ambient air. Atmos. Environ. 40:6313–6320. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.044
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry, K.D. 1999. Effects of outdoor pyrotechnic displays on the regional air quality of western Washington state. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 49:146–155. doi:10.1080/10473289.1999.10463791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravindra, K., S. Mor, and C.P. Kaushik. 2003. Short-term variation in air quality associated with firework events: A case study. J. Environ. Monit. 5:260–264. doi:10.1039/b211943a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues, M.C., L.L.N. Guarieiro, M.P. Cardoso, L.S. Carvalho, G.O. Rocha, and J.B. Andrade. 2012. Acetaldehyde and formaldehyde concentrations from sites impacted by heavy-duty diesel vehicles and their correlation with the fuel composition: Diesel and diesel/biodiesel blends. Fuel 92:258–263. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2011.07.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo, Y.-K., and S.-O. Baek. 2011. Characterization of carbonyl compounds in the ambient air of an industrial city in Korea. Sensors 11:949–963. doi:10.3390/s110100949
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. Compendium Method TO-17: Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambient Air Using Active Sampling onto Sorbent Tubes. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999. Compendium Method TO-11A: Determination of Formaldehyde in Ambient Air Using Adsorbent Cartridge Followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) [Active Sampling Methodology]. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, B., S.C. Lee, K.F. Ho, and Y.M. Kang. 2007. Characteristics of emissions of air pollutants from burning of incense in temples, Hong Kong. Sci. Total Environ. 377:52–60. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.099
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yerramsetti, V.S., A.R. Sharma, N.N. Gauravarapu, V. Rapolu, N.S. Dhulipala, and P.R. Sinha. 2013 The impact assessment of Diwali fireworks emissions on the air quality of a tropical urban site, Hyderabad, India, during three consecutive years. Environ. Monit. Assess. 185:7309–7325. doi:10.1007/s10661-013-3102-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, J., Y. Zhang, X. Wang, Z. Zhang, S. Lü, M. Shao, and F.S.C. Lee. 2013. Species profiles and normalized reactivity of volatile organic compounds from gasoline evaporation in China. Atmos. Environ. 79:110–118. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziping, B., H. Jianqun, and H. Fuzhong. 1994. Identification and mechanism of formation of certain mutagenic components in the volatile condensates from oxidized and heated edible oils. J. Environ. Sci. 6:200–205.
   Google Scholar