1,799
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Papers

Aerosol particulate matter in the Baltimore metropolitan area: Temporal variation over a six-year period

, , , &
Pages 1050-1061 | Received 03 Mar 2015, Accepted 19 Jun 2015, Published online: 14 Aug 2015

References

  • Almeida, S.M., C.A. Pio, M.C. Freitas, M.A. Reis, and M.A. Trancoso. 2005. Source apportionment of fine and coarse particulate matter in a sub-urban area at the Western European Coast. Atmos. Environ. 39:3127–3138. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.048
  • Brown, S.G., A. Frankel, S.M. Raffuse, P.T. Roberts, H.R. Hafner, and D.J. Anderson. 2007. Source apportionment of fine particulate matter in Phoenix, AZ, using positive matrix factorization. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 57:741–752. doi:10.3155/1047-289.57.6.741
  • Bullock, K.R., R.M. Duvall, G.A. Norris, S.R. McDow, and M.D. Hays. 2008. Evaluation of the CMB and PMF models using organic molecular markers in fine particulate matter collected during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study. Atmos. Environ. 42:6897–6904. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.011
  • Butler, T.J., F.M. Vermeylen, M. Rury, G.E. Likens, B. Lee, G.E. Bowker, and L. McCluney. 2011. Response of ozone and nitrate to stationary source NOx emission reductions in the eastern USA. Atmos. Environ. 45:1084–1094. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.040
  • Callén, M.S., M.T. de la Cruz, J.M. López, M.V. Navarro, and A.M. Mastral. 2009. Comparison of receptor models for source apportionment of the PM10 in Zaragoza (Spain). Chemosphere 76:1120–1129. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.015
  • Chen, L.-W.A., B.G. Doddridge, R.R. Dickerson, J.C. Chow, and R.C. Henry. 2002. Origins of fine aerosol mass in the Baltimore–Washington corridor: Implications from observation, factor analysis, and ensemble air parcel back trajectories. Atmos. Environ. 36:4541–4554. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00399-0
  • Cheng, Y., G. Engling, K.B. He, F.K. Duan, Y.L. Ma, Z.Y. Du, and R.J. Weber. 2013. Biomass burning contribution to Beijing aerosol. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13:7765–7781. doi:10.5194/acp-13-7765-2013
  • Chin, J.Y. and S.A. Batterman. (2012). VOC composition of current motor vehicle fuels and vapors, and collinearity analyses for receptor modeling. Chemosphere 86:951–958. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.11.017
  • Chow, J.C., J.G. Watson, L.-W.A. Chen, M.C.O. Chang, N.F. Robinson, D. Trimble, and S. Kohl. 2007. The IMPROVE_A temperature protocol for thermal/optical carbon analysis: Maintaining consistency with a long-term database. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 57:1014–1023. doi:10.3155/1047-3289.57.9.1014
  • Chow, J.C., J.G. Watson, H. Kuhns, V. Etyemezian, D.H. Lowenthal, D. Crow, S.D. Kohl, J.P. Engelbrecht, and M.C. Green. 2004. Source profile of industrial, mobile, and area sources in the Big Bend Regional Aerosol Visibility and Observational study. Chemosphere 54:185–208. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.07.004
  • Chow, J.C., J.G. Watson, L.C. Pritchett, W.R. Pierson, C.A. Frazier, and R.G. Purcell. 1993. The DRI thermal/optical reflectance carbon analysis system: Description, evaluation and applications in U.S. air quality studies. Atmos. Environ. 27 A:1185–1201. doi:10.1016/0960-1686(93)90245-T
  • Chu, S.H., J.W. Paisie, and B.W.L. Jang. 2004. PM data analysis: A comparison of two urban areas: Fresno and Atlanta. Atmos. Environ. 38:3155–3164. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(04)00206-7
  • Chueinta, W., P.K. Hopke, and P. Paatero. 2000. Investigation of sources of atmospheric aerosol at urban and suburban residential areas in Thailand by positive matrix factorization. Atmos. Environ. 34:3319–3329. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00433-1
  • Delgado, R., S.D. Rabenhorst, B.B. Demoz, and R.M. Hoff. 2014. Elastic lidar measurements of summer nocturnal low level jet events over Baltimore, Maryland. J. Atmos. Chem. doi:10.1007/s10874-013-9277-2
  • Flanagan, J.B., R.K. Jayanty, E.E. Rickman Jr., and M.R. Peterson. 2006. PM2.5 Speciation Trends Network: Evaluation of whole-system uncertainties using data from sites with collocated samplers. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 56:492–499. doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464516
  • Gildemeister, A.E., P.K. Hopke, and E. Kim. 2007. Sources of fine urban particulate matter in Detroit, MI. Chemosphere 69:1064–1074. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.027
  • Godowitch, J.M., A.B. Gilliland, R.R. Draxler, and S.T. Rao. 2008. Modeling assessment of point source NOx emission reductions on ozone air quality in the eastern United States. Atmos. Environ. 42:87–100. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.032
  • Gordon, G.E. 1988. Receptor models. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22:1132–1142. doi:10.1021/es00175a002
  • Hansen, D.A., E. Edgerton, B. Hartsell, J. Jansen, H. Burge, P. Koutrakis, C. Rogers, H. Suh, J.C. Chow, B. Zielinska, P. McMurry, J. Mulholland, A. Russell, and R. Rasmussen. Air quality measurements for the Aerosol Research and Inhalation Epidemiology Study (AIRES). J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 2006:1445–1458. doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464549
  • He, L.Y., M. Hu, X.F. Huang, Y.H. Zhang, B.D. Yu, and D.Q. Liu. 2006. Chemical characterization of fine particles from on-road vehicles in the Wutong tunnel in Shenzhen, China. Chemosphere 62:1565–1573. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.051
  • Heo, J., M. Dulger, M.R. Olson, J.E. McGinnis, B.R. Shelton, A. Matsunaga, C. Sioutas, and C.J. Schauer. 2013. Source apportionments of PM2.5 organic carbon using molecular marker Positive Matrix Factorization and comparison of results from different receptor models. Atmos. Environ. 73:51–61. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.03.004
  • Hopke, P.K. 1991. An introduction to receptor modeling. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 10:21–43. doi:10.1016/0169-7439(91)80032-L
  • Karanasiou, A.A., P.A. Siskos, and K. Eleftheriadis. 2009. Assessment of source apportionment by Positive Matrix Factorization analysis on fine and coarse urban aerosol size fractions. Atmos. Environ. 43:3385–3395. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.051
  • Kidwell, C.B., and J.M. Ondov. 2004. Elemental analysis of subhourly ambient aerosol collections. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 38:205–218. doi:10.1080/02786820490261726
  • Kim, S.W., A. Heckel, G.J. Frost, A. Richter, J. Gleason, J.P. Burrows, S. McKeen, E.Y. Hsie, C. Granier, and M. Trainer. 2009. NO2 columns in the western United States observed from space and simulated by a regional chemistry model and their implications for NOx emissions. J. Geophys. Res. 114: D11301. doi:10.1029/2008JD011343
  • Kim, E., and P.K. Hopke. 2004. Source apportionment of fine particles in Washington, DC, utilizing temperature-resolved carbon fractions. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 54:773–785. doi:10.1080/10473289.2004.10470948
  • Kim, E., P.K. Hopke, and E.S. Edgerton. 2003. Source identification of Atlanta aerosol by positive matrix factorization. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 53:731–739. doi:10.1080/10473289.2003.10466209
  • Landis, M.S., G.A. Norris, R.W. Williams, and J.P. Weinstein. 2001. Personal exposures to PM2.5 mass and trace elements in Baltimore, MD, USA. Atmos. Environ. 35:6511–6524. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00407-1
  • Lee, E., C.K. Chun, and P. Paatero. 1999. Application of positive matrix factorization in source apportionment of particulate pollutants. Atmos. Environ. 33:3201–3212. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00113-2
  • Maryland Port Authority. 2014. Personal communication, September 19, 2014.
  • Mitra, S., C. Feng, N. Zhu, and G. McAllister. 2001. Application and field validation of a continuous nonmethane organic carbon analyzer. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 51:861–868. doi:10.1080/10473289.2001.10464322
  • Nekhoroshev, S.V., S.I. Rubanik, V.P. Nekhoroshev, and Yu.P. Turov. 2009. Identification of gasolines with hydrocarbon markers. J. Anal. Chem. 64: 1007–1101. doi:10.1134/S1061934809100050
  • Norris, G., R. Duvall, K. Wade, S. Brown, J. Prouty, and C. Foley. 2014. EPA Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) 5.0 Fundamentals & User Guide. Washington, DC: US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
  • Ogulei, D., P.K. Hopke, L.M. Zhou, P. Paatero, S.S. Park, and J.M. Ondov. 2005. Receptor modeling for multiple time resolved species: The Baltimore Supersite. Atmos. Environ. 39:3751–3762. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.03.012
  • Ogulei, D., P.K. Hopke, L.M. Zhou, J.P. Pancras, N. Nair, and J.M. Ondov. 2006. Source apportionment of Baltimore aerosol from combined size distribution and chemical composition data. Atmos. Environ. 40:396–410. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.075
  • Paatero, P. 1997. Least squares formulation of robust non-negative factor analysis. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 37:23–35. doi:10.1016/S0169-7439(96)00044-5
  • Paatero, P., and P.K. Hopk. 2003. Discarding or downweighting high-noise variables in factor analytic models. Anal. Chim. Acta 490:277–289. doi:10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01643-4
  • Paatero, P., and U. Tapper. 1993. Analysis of different modes of factor analysis as least squares fit problem. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 18:183–194. doi:10.1016/0169-7439(93)80055-M
  • Paatero, P., and U. Tapper. 1994. Positive matrix factorization: A non-negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values. Environmetrics 5:111–126. doi:10.1002/env.3170050203
  • Parrish, D.D. 2006. Critical evaluation of US on-road vehicle emission inventories. Atmos. Environ. 40:2288–2300. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.033
  • Parrish, D.D., M. Trainer, D. Hereid, E.J. Williams, K.J. Olszyna, R.A. Harley, J.F. Meagher, and F.C. Fehsenfeld. 2002. Decadal change in carbon monoxide to nitrogen oxide ratio in US vehicular emissions. J. Geophys. Res. 107: ACH 5-1–ACH 5-9. doi:10.1029/2001JD000720
  • Pope, C.A., III. 1996. Adverse health effects on air pollutants in a smoking population. Toxicology 111:149–155. doi:10.1016/0300-483x(96)03372-0
  • Prospero, J.M. 1999. Long-term measurements of the transport of African mineral dust to the southeastern United States: Implications for regional air quality. J. Geophys. Res. 104 (D13): 15917–15927. doi:10.1029/1999JD900072
  • Pusede, S.E., and R.C. Cohen. 2012. On the observed response of ozone to NOx and VOC reactivity reductions in San Joaquin Valley California 1995–present. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12:8323–8339. doi:10.5194/acp-12-8323-2012
  • Qin, Y., K. Oduyemi, and L.Y. Chan. 2002. Comparative testing of PMF and CFA models. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 61:75–87. doi:10.1016/S0169-7439(01)00175-7
  • Ramadan, Z., X.H. Song, and P.K. Hopke. 2000. Identification of sources of phoenix aerosol by positive matrix factorization. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 50:1308–1320. doi:10.1080/10473289.2000.10464173
  • Rasulov, B., K. Hüve, I. Bichele, A. Laisk, and Ü Niinemets. 2010. Temperature response of isoprene emission in vivo reflects a combined effect of substrate limitations and isoprene synthase activity: A kinetic analysis. Plant Physiol. 154:1558–1570. doi:10.1104/pp.110.162081
  • Rizzo, M.J., and P.A. Scheff. 2007. Fine particulate source apportionment using data from the USEPA speciation trends network in Chicago, Illinois: Comparison of two source apportionment models. Atmos. Environ. 41:6276–6288. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.03.055
  • Russell, A.R., A.E. Perring, L.C. Valin, E.J. Bucsela, E.C. Browne, K.-E. Min, P.J. Wooldridge, and R.C. Cohen. 2011. A high spatial resolution retrieval of NO2 column densities from OMI: Method and evaluation. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11:8543–8554. doi:10.5194/acp-11-8543–2011
  • Russell, A.R., L.C. Valin, E.J. Bucsela, M.O. Wenig, and R.C. Cohen. 2010. Space-based constraints on spatial and temporal patterns of NOx emissions in California, 2005–2008. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44:3608–3615. doi:10.1021/es903451j
  • Seinfeld, J.H., and S.N. Pandis. 1998. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics from Air Pollution to Climate Change. New York: Wiley. doi:10.1063/1.882420
  • Shah, S.D., D.R. Cocker, J.W. Miller, and J.M. Norbeck. 2004. Emission rates of particulate matter and elemental and organic carbon from in-use diesel engines. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38:2544–2550. doi:10.1021/es0350583
  • Singh, H.B., W.H. Brune, J.H. Crawford, F. Flocke, and D.J. Jacob. 2009. Chemistry and transport of pollution over the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific: Spring 2006 INTEX-B campaign overview and first results. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9:2301–2318. doi:10.5194/acp-9-2301-2009
  • Song, X.H., A.V. Polissar, and P.K. Hopke. 2001. Source of fine particle composition in the northeastern US. Atmos. Environ. 35:5277–5286. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00338-7
  • Srimuruganandam, B., and S.M. Shiva Nagendra. 2012. Application of positive matrix factorization in characterization of PM10 and PM2.5 emission sources at urban roadside. Chemosphere 88:120–130. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.083
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. National PM2.5 Speciation Program. Overview, Objectives, Requirements and Approach. http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/pm25/spec/spec997.pdf ( accessed March 2015).
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2003a. Compilation of Existing Studies on Source Apportionment for PM2.5. http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/specialstudies/compsareports.pdf ( accessed March 2015).
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2003b. Index, A. Q. A Guide to Air Quality and Your Health. EPA-454/K-03-002, 19, 11-01. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter, Vol. 1–3. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2005. Evaluating Ozone Control Programs in the Eastern United States: Focus on the NOx Budget Trading Program. EPA454-K-05-001. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2012. The National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Particle Pollution. http://www.epa.gov/airquality/particlepollution/2012/decfsstandards.pdf (accessed July 2014).
  • Wang, Y., and P.K. Hopke. 2013. A ten-year source apportionment study of ambient fine particulate matter in San Jose, California. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 4:398–404. doi:10.5094/APR.2013.045
  • Watson, J.G., L.-W.A. Chen, J.C. Chow, P. Doraiswamy, and D.H. Lowenthal. 2008. Source apportionment: Findings from the U.S. Supersites Program. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 58:265–288. doi:10.3155/1047-3289.58.2.265
  • Watson, J.G., J.C. Chow, and L.-W.A. Chen. 2005. Summary of organic and elemental carbon/black carbon analysis methods and intercomparisons. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 5:65–102.
  • Watson, J.G., J.C. Chow, and J.E. Houck. 2001. PM2.5 chemical source profiles for vehicle exhaust, vegetative burning, geological material, and coal burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995. Chemosphere 43:1141–1151. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00171-5
  • Xie, Y.-L., P.K. Hopke, P. Paatero, L.A. Barrie, and S.-M. Li. 1999. Identification of source nature and seasonal variations of arctic aerosol by the multilinear engine. Atmos. Environ. 33:2549–2562. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00196-4
  • Yao, X., A.P.S. Lau, M. Fang, C.K. Chan, and M. Hu. 2003. Size distributions and formation of ionic species in atmospheric particulate pollutants in Beijing, China: 1—Inorganic ions. Atmos. Environ. 37:2991–3000. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00255-3
  • Yatkin, S., and A. Bayram. 2008. Source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 using positive matrix factorization and chemical mass balance in Izmir, Turkey. Sci. Total Environ. 390:109–123. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.059
  • Yuan, Z., A.K.H. Lau, H. Zhang, J.Z. Yu, P.K.K. Louie, and J.C.H. Fung. 2006. Identification and spatiotemporal variations of dominant PM10 sources over Hong Kong. Atmos. Environ. 40:1803–1815. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.030
  • Zhang, X., A. Hecobian, M. Zheng, N.H. Frank, and R.J. Weber. 2010. Biomass burning impact on PM2.5 over the southeastern US during 2007: Integrating chemically speciated FRM filter measurements, MODIS fire counts and PMF analysis. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10:6839–6853. doi:10.5194/acp-10-6839-2010
  • Zhuang, H., C.K. Chan, M. Fang, and A.S. Wexler. 1999. Formation of nitrate and non-sea-salt sulfate on coarse particles. Atmos. Environ. 33:4223–4233. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00186-7

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.