Volatile organic compounds at two oil and natural gas production well pads in Colorado and Texas using passive samplers

References

• Allen, D.T., V.M. Torres, J. Thomas, D.W. Sullivan, M. Harrison, A. Hendler, S.C. Herndon, C.E. Kolb, M.P. Fraser, A.D. Hill, B.K. Lamb, J. Miskimins, R.F. Sawyer, and J.H. Seinfeld. 2013. Measurements of methane emissions at natural gas production sites in the United States. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110:17768–73. doi:10.1073/pnas.1304880110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolden, A.L., C.F. Kwiatkowski, and T. Colborn. 2015. New look at BTEX: Are ambient levels a problem? Environ. Sci. Technol. 49:5261–76. doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b03462
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brantley, H.L., E.D. Thoma, W.C. Squier, B.B. Guven, and D. Lyon. 2014. Assessment of methane emissions from oil and gas production pads using mobile measurements. 48:14508–15. doi:10.1021/es503070q
   Google Scholar
• Brantley, H.L., E.D. Thoma, and A.P. Eisele. 2015. Assessment of volatile organic compound and hazardous air pollutant emissions from oil and natural gas well pads using mobile remote and on-site direct measurements. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 65:1072–82. doi:10.1080/10962247.2015.1056888
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colburn, T., K. Schultz, L. Herrick, and C. Kwiatkowski. 2014. An exploratory study of air quality near natural gas operations. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 20:86–105. doi:10.1080/10807039.2012.749447
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colorado Oil & Gas Conservation Commission. 2015. http://cogcc.state.co.us/#/home ( accessed 2015).
   Google Scholar
• Field, R.A., J. Soltis, and S. Murphy. 2014. Air quality concerns of unconventional oil and natural gas production. Environ. Sci. Process. Impacts 16:954–69. doi:10.1039/c4em00081a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field, R.A., J. Soltis, M.C. McCarthy, S. Murphy, and D.C. Montague. 2015. Influence of oil and gas field operations on spatial and temporal distributions of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons and their effect on ozone formation in winter. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15:3527–42.doi:10.1039/c4em00081a
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollander, M., and D.A. Wolfe. 1999. Nonparametric Statistical Methods, 2nd ed., 35, 125. New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• McClenny, W.A., K.D. Oliver, H.H. Jacumin, E.H. Daughtrey, and D.A. Whitaker. 2005. 24 h diffusive sampling of toxic VOCs in air onto Carbopack X solid adsorbent followed by thermal desorption/GC/MS analysis—Laboratory studies. J. Environ. Monit. 7:248–56.doi:10.1039/b412213e
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McClenny, W.A., K.D. Oliver, H.H. Jacumin, E.H. Daughtrey, and D.A. Whitaker. 2006. Comparison of 24 h averaged VOC monitoring results for residential indoor and outdoor air using Carbopack X-filled diffusive samplers and active sampling—A pilot study. J. Environ. Monit. 8:263–69. doi:10.1039/B507850D
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenzie, L.M., R. Witter, L.S. Newman, and J.L. Adgate. 2012. Human health risk assessment of air emissions from development of unconventional natural gas resources. Sci. Total Environ. 424:79–87. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MesoWest, University of Utah. 2015. Meteorological data. http://mesowest.utah.edu (accessed 2015).
   Google Scholar
• Moore, C.W., B. Zielinska, G. Pétron, and R.B. Jackson. 2014. Air impacts of increased natural gas acquisition, processing, and use: A critical review. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48:8349–59. doi:10.1021/es4053472
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukerjee, S., K.D. Oliver, R.D. Seila, H.H. Jacumin, C. Croghan, H. Daughtrey, L.M. Neas, and L.A. Smith. 2009. Field comparison of passive air samplers with reference monitors for ambient volatile organic compounds and nitrogen dioxide under week-long integrals. J. Environ. Monit. 11:220–27. doi:10.1039/B809588D
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukerjee, S., L.A. Smith, E. Thoma, K. Oliver, D. Whitaker, T. Wu, M. Colon, L. Alston, T. Cousett, and C. Stallings. 2016. Spatial analysis of volatile organic compounds in South Philadelphia using passive samplers. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. In press. doi:10.1080/10962247.2016.1147505
   Google Scholar
• Pétron, G., A. Karion, C. Sweeney, B.R. Miller, S.A. Montzka, G.J. Frost, M. Trainer, P. Tans, A. Andrews, J. Kofler, D. Helmig, D. Guenther, E. Dlugokencky, P. Lang, T. Newberger, S. Wolter, B. Hall, P. Novelli, A. Brewer, S. Conley, M. Hardesty, R. Banta, A. White, D. Noone, D. Wolfe, and R. Schnell. 2014. A new look at methane and nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions from oil and natural gas operations in the Colorado Denver–Julesburg Basin, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 119:6836–52. doi:10.1002/2013JD021272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rich, A., J.P. Grover, and M.L. Sattler. 2014. An exploratory study of air emissions associated with shale gas development and production in the Barnett Shale. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 64:61–72. doi:10.1080/10962247.2013.832713
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, L.A., S. Mukerjee, K.C. Chung, and J. Afghani. 2011. Spatial analysis and land use regression of VOCs and NO2 in Dallas, Texas during two seasons. J. Environ. Monitor. 13:999–1007. doi:10.1039/c0em00724b
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thoma, E.D., M.C. Miller, K.C. Chung, N.L. Parsons, and B.C. Shine. 2011. Facility fence line monitoring using passive sampling. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 61:834–42.doi:10.3155/1047-3289.61.8.834
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thoma, E.D., W. Jiao, H.L. Brantley, T. Wu, W.C. Squier, B. Mitchell, K.D. Oliver, D.A. Whitaker, S. Mukerjee, C.A. Gross-Davis, H. Schmidt, R. Landy, J. DeWees, R. Merrill, R. Segall, A. Diem, B. Shine, E. Escobar, M.S. Amin, and M. Modrak. 2015. South Philadelphia passive sampler and sensor study: Interim report. Proceedings of the 108th Annual Conference of the Air & Waste Management Association, June 23–26, Raleigh, NC.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson, C.R., J. Hueber, and D. Helmig. 2014. Influence of oil and gas emissions on ambient atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons in residential areas of Northeastern Colorado. Elementa Sci. Anthropocene 2. doi:10.12952/journal.elementa.000035
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2014. Annual energy outlook 2014. DOE/EIA-0383(2014). http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/AEO/pdf/0383%282014%29.pdf
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2015a. Method 325A—Volatile organic compounds from fugitive and area sources: Sampler deployment and VOC sample collection. 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU [EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0682; FRL-9720-4], RIN 2060-AQ75, Petroleum Refinery Sector Risk and Technology Review and New Source Performance Standards. http://www3.epa.gov/ttn/emc/promgate/m-325a.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2015b. Method 325B—Volatile organic compounds from fugitive and area sources: Sampler preparation and analysis. 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU [EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0682; FRL-9720-4], RIN 2060-AQ75, Petroleum Refinery Sector Risk and Technology Review and New Source Performance Standards. http://www3.epa.gov/ttn/emc/promgate/m-325b.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2015c. Nonattainment areas for criteria pollutants. Green Book. http://www.epa.gov/airquality/greenbook (accessed 2015).
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2015d. Enforcement and compliance history online. https://echo.epa.gov/targeting/knowledge-bases/land-based-oil-and-gas-search/results ( accessed 2015).
   Google Scholar
• Zielinska, B., D. Campbell, and V. Samburova. 2014. Impact of emissions from natural gas production facilities on ambient air quality in the Barnett Shale area: A pilot study. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 64:1369–83.doi:10.1080/10962247.2014.954735
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar