The effect of aged litter materials on polyatomic ion concentrations in fractionated suspended particulate matter from a broiler house

References

• Baekbo, P. 1989. Air quality and pig herd health. Copenhagen, Denmark: Institute for Internal Medicine, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University.
   Google Scholar
• Bakutis, B., E. Monstviliene, and G. Januskeviciene. 2004. Analyses of airborne contamination with bacteria, endotoxins and dust in livestock barns and poultry houses. Acta Veterinaria Brno 73:283–89. doi:10.2754/avb200473020283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baykov, B., and M. Stoyanov. 1999. Microbial air pollution caused by intensive broiler chicken breeding. Microbial Ecol. 29:389–93. doi:10.1111/fem.1999.29.issue-4
   Google Scholar
• Charlson, R.J., S.E.Schwartz, J.M. Hales, R.D. Cess, J.A. Coakley, Jr., J.E. Hansen, and D.J. Hofmann. 1992. Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Science 255:423. doi:10.1126/science.255.5043.423
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dawkins, M.S., C.A. Donnelly, and T.A. Jones. 2004. Chicken welfare is influenced more by housing conditions than by stocking density. Nature 427:342–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donham, K.J., D.C. Zavala, and J.A. Merchant. 1984. Acute effects of the work environment on pulmonary functions of swine confinement workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 5:367–75. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dosman, J.A., B.L. Gragam, D. Hall, P. Van Loop, P. Bhasin, and F. Froh. 1987. Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in farmers. J. Occup. Med. 29:39–43.
   Google Scholar
• Hartung, J. 1985. Gas chromatographic analysis of volatile fatty acids and phenolic/indolic compounds in pig house dust after ethanolic extraction. Environ. Technol. Lett. 6:21–30. doi:10.1080/09593338509384315
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartung, J. 1994. The effect of airborne particulates on livestock health and production. In Pollution in Livestock Systems, ed. I. Ap Dewi, R.F.E. Axford, I. Mara, H. Omed, 55–69. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
   Google Scholar
• Hayter, R.B., and E.L. Besch. 1974. Airborne particle deposition in the respiratory tract of chickens. Poult. Sci. 53:1507–11. doi:10.3382/ps.0531507
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoek, G., B. Brunekreef, S. Goldbohm, P. Fischer, and P.A. van den Brandt. 2002. Association between mortality and indicators of traffic-related air pollution in the Netherlands: A cohort study. Lancet 360:1203–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11280-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homes, M.J., A.J. Heber, C.C. Wu, L.K. Clark, R.H. Grant, N.J. Zimmerman, M.A. Hill, M.W. Strobel, M.W. Peugh, and D.D. Hones. 1996. Viability of bioaerosols produced from a swine facility. Proceedings of International Conference on Air Pollution from Agricultural Operations, Kansas City, MO, 127–31.
   Google Scholar
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)/WMO/UNEP. 2007. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses. Prepared by IPCC Working Group III. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Iversen, M., R. Dahl, J. Korsgaard, T. Hallas, and E.J. Jensen. 1988. Respiratory symptoms in Danish farmers: An epidemiological study of risk factors. Thorax 43:872–77. doi:10.1136/thx.43.11.872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iversen, M. and B. Pedersen. 1990. The relationship between respiratory symptoms, type of farming and lung function disorders in farmers. Thorax 45:919–23. doi:10.1136/thx.45.12.919
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liao, C.M., and J.J.R. Feddes. 1991. Modelling and analysis of airborne dust removal from a ventilated airspace. Can. Agric. Eng. 33(2): 355–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovanh, N., K.L. Cook, M.J. Rothrock, D.M. Miles, and K. Sistani. 2007. Spatial shifts in microbial population structure within poultry litter associated with physicochemical properties. Poult. Sci. 86:1840–49. doi:10.1093/ps/86.9.1840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovanh, N., J. Loughrin, and K. Sistani. 2012. Volatile fatty acids in suspended particulate matter from a poultry house using rice hulls as bedding materials—A profile of first flock after total cleanout. J. Civil Environ. Eng. 2:114. doi:10.4172/2165-784X.1000114
   Google Scholar
• Maghirang, R.G., and H.B. Manbeck. 1993. Modelling particle transport in slot-inlet ventilated airspaces. Trans. ASAE 36(5): 1449–59. doi:10.13031/2013.28485
   Google Scholar
• National Academy of Sciences. 2003. Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pope, C.A., R.T. Burnett, M.J. Thun, E.E. Calle, D. Krewski, K. Ito, and G.D. Thurston. 2002. Lung cancer, cardio-pulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 287:1132–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radon, K., B. Danuser, M. Iversen, E. Monso, C. Weber, J. Hartung, K.J. Donham, U. Palmgren, and D. Nowak. 2002. Air contaminants in different European farming environments. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 9:41–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleh, M., J. Seedorf, and J. Hartung. 2005. Influence of animal age and season on bioaerosol concentrations in a broiler house. Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on Animal Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland, 2:37–40.
   Google Scholar
• Seedorf, J., J. Hartung, M. Schroder, K.H. Linkert, V.R. Phillips, M.R. Holden, R.W. Sneath, J.L. Short, R.P. White, and S. Pedersen. 1998. Concentrations and emissions of airborne endotoxins and microorganisms in livestock buildings in Northern Europe. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 70:97–109. doi:10.1006/jaer.1997.0281
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selman, M. 2007. Eutrophication: An Overview of Status, Trends, Policies, and Strategies. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Thaxton, Y.V., C.L. Balzli, and J.D. Tankson. 2003. Relationship of broiler flock numbers to litter microflora. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 12:81–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, C.J., and Y.H. Cheng. 1995. Solid particle collection characteristics on impaction surfaces of different designs. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 23:96–106. doi:10.1080/02786829508965297
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vucemilo, M., K. Matkovic, B. Vinkovic, S. Jaksic, K. Granic, and N. Mas. 2007. The effect of animal age on air pollutant concentration in a broiler house. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 52(6):170–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, J.T., W.P. Robarge, A. Shendrikar, and H. Kimball. 2006. Inorganic PM2.5 at a U.S. agricultural site. Environ. Pollut. 139:258–271. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.05.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whyte, R.T., and P.A.M. Williamson. 1993. Aerial pollutant burdens and respiratory impairment of poultry house stockmen. Proceedings of International Livestock Environment Symposium IV, Warwick, England, 709–17.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, A.G. 1989. Dust and odour relationships in broiler house air. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 44:175–90. doi:10.1016/S0021-8634(89)80080-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2003. Health aspects of air pollution with particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Bonn, Germany: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Zanobetti, A., J. Schwartz, E. Samoli, A. Gryparis, G. Touloumi, R. Atkinson, A. Le Tertre, J. Bobros, M. Celko, A. Goren, B. Forsberg, P. Michelozzi, D. Rabczenko, E. Aranguez Ruiz, and K. Katsouyanni. 2002. The temporal pattern of mortality responses to air pollution: A multicity assessment of mortality displacement. Epidemiology 13(1): 87–93. doi:10.1097/00001648-200201000-00014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar