Novel insights into enhanced dewatering of waste activated sludge based on the durable and efficacious radical generating

References

• Ai, Z., W. Jie, and Y. Li. 2015. Performance of calcium peroxide for removal of endocrine-disrupting compounds in waste activated sludge and promotion of sludge solubilization. Water Res. 71:125–139. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.01.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arabi, S., and G. Nakhla. 2007. Impact of Calcium on the Membrane Fouling in Membrane Bioreactors. Proc. Water Environ. Fed. 314:134–142. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2008.01.037.
   Google Scholar
• Diak, J., B. Ormeci, and P. C. 2011. Freeze-thaw treatment of RBC sludge from a remote mining exploration facility in subarctic Canada. Water Sci. Technol. 63:1309–1313. doi: 10.2166/wst.2011.376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, X., J. Deng, H. Lei, T. Bai, Q. Fan, and Z. Li. 2009. Dewaterability of waste activated sludge with ultrasound conditioning. Bioresour. Technol. 100:1074–1081. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.07.055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flemming, H.C., and J. Wingender. 2001. Relevance of microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs)—Part I: Structural and ecological aspects. Water Sci. Technol. 43(6):623–633.
   Google Scholar
• Gilcreas, F.W. 2012. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Am. J. Public Health Nations Health 56(3):113–X.
   Google Scholar
• He, D.Q., L.F. Wang, H. Jiang and H.Q. Yu. 2015. A Fenton-like process for the enhanced activated sludge dewatering. Chem. Eng. J. 272:128–134. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2015.03.034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin, B., B.-M. Wilén, and P. Lant. 2004. Impacts of morphological, physical and chemical properties of sludge flocs on dewaterability of activated sludge. Chem. Eng. J. 98:115–126. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2003.05.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunacheva, C., and D.C. Stuckey. 2014. Analytical methods for soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymers (ECP) in wastewater treatment systems: A review. Water Res. 61(18):1–18. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.044.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, E.J., V.I. Volkov, M.W. Byun, and C.H. Lee. 2002. Detection of free radicals in gamma-irradiated soybean paste and model system by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 64:61–66. doi: 10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00444-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X.Y., and S.F. Yang. 2007. Influence of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the flocculation, sedimentation and dewaterability of activated sludge. Water Res. 41:1022–1030. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.06.037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H., W. Yue, A. Cao, J. Huang, Z. Qi, and P. Somasundaran. 2012. The influence of additives (Ca2+, Al3+, and Fe3+) on the interaction energy and loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of activated sludge and their flocculation mechanisms. Bioresour. Technol. 114:188–194. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, J., S. Huang, Y. Dai, L. Lei, and S. Sun. 2015. Dewaterability of five sewage sludges in Guangzhou conditioned with Fenton’s reagent/lime and pilot-scale experiments using ultrahigh pressure filtration system. Water Res. 84:243–254. doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.041
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., and H.H.P. Fang. 2003. Influences of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on flocculation, settling, and dewatering of activated sludge. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33:237–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, T., Z.L. Chen, W.Z. Yu, and S.J. You. 2011. Characterization of organic membrane foulants in a submerged membrane bioreactor with pre-ozonation using three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy. Water Res. 45:2111–2121. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahmoud, A., J. Olivier, J. Vaxelaire, and A.F. Hoadley. 2010. Electrical field: A historical review of its application and contributions in wastewater sludge dewatering. Water Res. 44:2381–2407. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.01.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikkelsen, L.H., and K. Keiding. 2002. Physico-chemical characteristics of full scale sewage sludges with implications to dewatering. Water Res. 36:2451–2462. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00477-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• More, T.T., J.S.S. Yadav, S. Yan, R.D. Tyagi, and R.Y. Surampalli. 2014. Extracellular polymeric substances of bacteria and their potential environmental applications. J. Environ. Manage. 144(144):1–25. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muruganandham, M., and M. Swaminathan. 2004. Photochemical oxidation of reactive azo dye with UV–H2O2 process. Dyes Pigments 62:269–275. doi: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2003.12.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nam, K., W. Rodriguez, and J.J. Kukor. 2001. Enhanced degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by biodegradation combined with a modified Fenton reaction. Chemosphere 45:11–20. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(01)00051-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndjou’Ou, A.C., and D. Cassidy. 2006. Surfactant production accompanying the modified Fenton oxidation of hydrocarbons in soil. Chemosphere 65:1610–1615. doi: 10.1016/j. chemosphere. 2006.03.036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neyens, E., and J. Baeyens. 2003. A review of classic Fenton’s peroxidation as an advanced oxidation technique. J. Hazard. Mater. 98:33–50. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00282-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Northup, A., and D. Cassidy. 2008. Calcium peroxide (CaO2) for use in modified Fenton chemistry. J. Hazard. Mater. 152:1164–1170. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.07.096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pignatello, J.J., E. Oliveros, and A. MacKay. 2006. Advanced oxidation processes for organic contaminant destruction based on fenton reaction and related chemistry. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:1–84. doi: 10.1080/10643380500326564.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poxon, T.L., and J.L. Darby. 1997. Extracellular polyanions in digested sludge: Measurement and relationship to sludge dewaterability. Water Res. 31:749–758. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(96)00319-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pshezhetskiĭ, S.IA. 1974. EPR of Free Radicals in Radiation Chemistry. Sydney, Australia: Halsted Press.
   Google Scholar
• Qian, Y., X. Zhou, Y. Zhang, W. Zhang, and J. Chen. 2013. Performance and properties of nanoscale calcium peroxide for toluene removal. Chemosphere 91:717–723. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng, G.P., H.Q. Yu, and X.Y. Li. 2010. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of microbial aggregates in biological wastewater treatment systems: A review. Biotechnol. Adv. 28:882–894. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, J.K., and P.A. Vesilind. 1995. Dilatometric measurement of bound water in wastewater sludge. Water Res. 29:2621–2626. doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(95)00144-A.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tony, M.A., Y.Q. Zhao, J.F. Fu, and A.M. Tayeb. 2008. Conditioning of aluminium-based water treatment sludge with Fenton’s reagent: Effectiveness and optimising study to improve dewaterability. Chemosphere 72:673–677. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.03.032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vesilind, P.A. 1994. The role of water in sludge dewatering. Water Environ. Res. 66:4–11. doi: 10.2175/WER.66.1.2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Z., Z. Wu, and S. Tang. 2009. Characterization of dissolved organic matter in a submerged membrane bioreactor by using three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy. Water Res. 43:1533–1540. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.12.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, G., G. Zhang, and H. Wang. 2015. Current state of sludge production, management, treatment and disposal in China. Water Res. 78:60–73. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, G.H., P.J. He, L.M. Shao and D.J. Lee. 2007. Enzyme activities in activated sludge flocs. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 77:605–612. doi: 10.1007/s00253-007-1204-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, Q., H. Lei, G. Yu, X. Feng, Z. Li, and Z. Wu. 2009. Influence of microwave irradiation on sludge dewaterability. Chem. Eng. J. 155:88–93. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2009.07.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, W., J. Yang, Y. Shi, J. Song, Y. Shi, J. Xiao, C. Li, X. Xu, S. He, S. Liang, X. Wu, and J. Hu. 2016. Roles of iron species and pH optimization on sewage sludge conditioning with Fenton’s reagent and lime. Water Res. 95:124–133. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.03.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, H., J. Yang, W. Yu, S. Luo, P. Li, X. Shen, Y. Shi, S. Zhang, J. Song, N. Ye, Y. Li, C. Yang, and S. Liang. 2014. Mechanism of red mud combined with Fenton’s reagent in sewage sludge conditioning. Water Res. 59:239–247. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q.A., Y. Shen, X.H. Fan, J.F.G. Martín, X. Wang, and Y. Song. 2015a. Free radical generation induced by ultrasound in red wine and model wine: An EPR spin-trapping study. Ultrason. Sonochem. 27:96–101. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.05.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, W., Y. Peng, X. Yang, C. Zhan, and D. Wang. 2015b. Insights into the respective role of acidification and oxidation for enhancing anaerobic digested sludge dewatering performance with fenton process. Bioresour. Technol. 181:247–253. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeng, R.J., G.P. Sheng, B.J. Ni, F. Fang, W.M. Xie, and H.Q. Yu. 2010. Fractionating soluble microbial products in the activated sludge process. Water Res. 44:2292–2302. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.12.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhen, G., X. Lu, X. Chai, D. Niu, Y. Li, B. Wang, Y. Zhao, A. Zhao, S. Yu, and X. Cao. 2012a. Synergetic pretreatment of waste activated sludge by Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation under mild temperature for enhanced dewaterability. Bioresour. Technol. 124:29–36. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhen, G., X. Lu, Y. Li, Y. Zhao, B. Wang, S. Yu, X. Chai, D. Niu, and X. Cao. 2012b, Novel insights into enhanced dewaterability of waste activated sludge by Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation. Bioresour. Technol. 119:7–14. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhen, G., X. Lu, B. Wang, Y. Zhao, X. Chai, D. Niu, and T. Zhao. 2014. Enhanced dewatering characteristics of waste activated sludge with Fenton pretreatment: Effectiveness and statistical optimization. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 8:267–276. doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0530-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhen, G., X. Lu, Y. Zhao, X. Chai, and D. Niu. 2012c. Enhanced dewaterability of sewage sludge in the presence of Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation. Bioresour. Technol. 116:259–265. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhen, G.Y., X.Q. Lu, Y.Y. Li, and Y.C. Zhao. 2013. Innovative combination of electrolysis and Fe(II)-activated persulfate oxidation for improving the dewaterability of waste activated sludge. Bioresour. Technol. 136:654–663. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar