1,615
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Technical Papers

Monitoring of carbon monoxide in residences with bulk wood pellet storage in the Northeast United States

, , &
Pages 1066-1079 | Received 21 Jan 2017, Accepted 10 Apr 2017, Published online: 07 Sep 2017

References

  • Arshadi, M., and R. Gref. 2005. Emission of volatile organic compounds from softwood pellets during storage. Forest Prod J. 55:132–5.
  • Arshadi, M., R. Gref, P. Geladi, S.Dahlqvist, and T. Lestander. 2008. The influence of raw material characteristics on the industrial pelletizing process and pellet quality. Fuel Process Technol. 89:1442–7. doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.07.001
  • Emhofer, W., K. Lichtenegger, W. Haslinger, H. Hofbauer, I. Schmutzer-Roseneder, S. Aigenbauer, and M. Lienhard. 2015. Ventilation of carbon monoxide from the biomass pellet storage tank—A study of the effects of variation of temperature and cross-ventilation on the efficiency of natural ventilation. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 59:79–90.
  • Fan, C., and X. Bi. 2013. Development of off-gas emission kinetics for stored wood pellets. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 57:115–24.
  • Gałuszka, A., Z.M. Migaszewski, and J. Namieśnik. 2015. Moving your laboratories to the field—Advantages and limitations of the use of field portable instruments in environmental sample analysis. Environ. Res. 140:593–603. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.05.017
  • Gauthier, S., H. Grass, M. Lory, T. Krämer, M. Thali, and C. Bartsch. 2012. Lethal carbon monoxide poisoning in wood pellet storerooms—Two cases and a review of the literature. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 56:755–63.
  • Heinimö, J., and H.M. Junginger. 2009. Production and trading of biomass for energy—An overview of the global status. Biomass Bioenergy 33(9):1310–20. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.05.017
  • Howard-Reed, C., L.A. Wallace, and W.R. Ott. 2002. The effect of opening windows on air change rates in two homes. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 52:147–59. doi:10.1080/10473289.2002.10470775
  • Kuang, X., T.J. Shankar, X.T. Bi, S. Sokhansanj, C.J. Lim, and S. Melin. 2008. Characterization and kinetics study of off-gas emissions from stored wood pellets. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 52(8):675−83.
  • Kuang, X., T.J. Shankar, X.T. Bi, C.J. Lim, S. Sokhansanj, and S. Melin. 2009. Rate and peak concentrations of off-gas emissions in stored wood pellets-sensitivities to temperature, relative humidity and headspace volume. Ann Occup Hyg. 53:789–96.
  • Meier, F., I. Sedlmayer, W. Emhofer, E. Wopienka, C. Schmidl, W. Haslinger, and H. Hofbauer. 2016. Influence of oxygen availability on off-gassing rates of emissions from stored wood pellets. Energy & Fuels. 30:1006–12.
  • New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. n.d. Residential pellet stove. https://www.nyserda.ny.gov/All-Programs/Programs/Renewable-Heat-NY/Residential-Wood-Pellet-Stove ( accessed February 18, 2017).
  • Rahman, M.A., and P.K. Hopke. 2016. Mechanistic pathway of carbon monoxide off-gassing from wood pellets. Energy & Fuels. 30:5809−15. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00874
  • Rappaport, S.M. 1991. Assessment of long-term exposure to toxic substances in air. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 35:61–121.
  • Sikkema, R., M. Steiner, M. Junginger, W. Hiegl, M. Hansen, and A.T. Faaij. 2011. The European wood pellet markets: current Status and prospects for 2020. Biofuels Bioprod. Biorefining 5:250–78. doi:10.1002/bbb.v5.3
  • Soto-García, L., X. Huang, D. Thimmaiah, A. Rossner, and P.K. Hopke. 2015a. Exposures to carbon monoxide from off-gassing of bulk stored wood pellets. Energy Fuels 29:218−26.
  • Soto-García, L., X. Huang, D. Thimmaiah, Z. Denton, A. Rossner, and P.K. Hopke. 2015b. Measurement and modeling of carbon monoxide emission rates from multiple wood pellet types. Energy & Fuels. 29: 3715−24.
  • Soto-García, L., W.J. Ashley, S. Bregg, R. Lebouf, D.Walier, P.K. Hopke, and A. Rossner. 2015c. VOC emissions from multiple wood pellet types and concentrations in indoor air. Energy Fuels 29(10):6485–93.
  • Svedberg, U., H. Hogberg, J. Hogberg, and B. Galle. 2004. Emission of hexanal and carbon monoxide from storage of wood pellets, a potential occupational and domestic health hazard. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 48:339–49.
  • Svedberg, U., J. Samuelsson, and S. Melin. 2008. Hazardous off-gassing of carbon monoxide and oxygen depletion during ocean transportation of wood pellets. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 52:259–66.
  • U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2016. Densified biomass fuel report. December 14. https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=29152 (accessed February 22, 2017).
  • Wallace, L.A., S.J. Emmerich, and C. Howard-Reed. 2002. Continuous measurements of air change rates in an occupied house for 1 year: The effect of temperature, wind, fans, and windows. J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. 12:296–306.
  • Yazdanpanah, F., S. Sokhansanj, C. J. Lim, A.Lau, X. Bi, and S. Melin. 2014a. Stratification of off-gases in stored wood pellets. Biomass Bioenergy 71:1–11.
  • Yazdanpanah, F., S. Sokhansanj, H. Rezaei, J.C. Lim, A. Lau, X. Bi, S. Melin. J. Tumuluru, and C. Kim. 2014b. Measurement of off-gases in wood pellet storage. In Advances in gas chromatography, 1–32. Guo. InTech.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.