Novel hybrid composite discharge electrode for electrostatic precipitator

References

• Alam, K. 2011. Composite discharge electrode. US7976616 B2, issued July 12, 2011. http://www.google.com/patents/US7976616 ( accessed July 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Ali, M., H. Pasic, and K. Alam. 2015. Cross-flow wet precipitator. Presented at the 2015 International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, October 5–8.
   Google Scholar
• Ali, M., H. Pasic, K. Alam, S.A.N. Tiji, N. Mannella, T. Silva, and T. Liu. 2016.Experimental study of cross-flow wet electrostatic precipitator. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 66:1237–44. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2016.1209258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allaoui, A., S. Bai, H.-M. Cheng, and J.B. Bai. 2002. Mechanical and electrical properties of a MWNT/epoxy composite. Compos. Sci. Technol. 62:1993–8. doi:10.1016/S0266-3538(02)00129-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athanasopoulos, N., and V. Kostopoulos. 2014. A comprehensive study on the equivalent electrical conductivity tensor validity for thin multidirectional carbon fibre reinforced plastics. Composites Part B Eng. 67:244–55. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.07.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayless, D.J., M.K. Alam, R. Radcliff, and J. Caine. 2004. Membrane-based wet electrostatic precipitation. Fuel Process. Technol. 85:781–98. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers, M., G.J. Grieco, and J.C. Caine. 2001. Customized rigid discharge electrodes show superior performance in pulp & paper applications. Presented at The International Conference on Electrostatic Precipitation, Birmingham, AL, May 14–17. http://www.thermalsystemsgroup.com/assets/rde_p-p_bham-recreated071811.pdf ( accessed August 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Chen, C.-H., B.-R. Huang, T.-S. Lin, I-C. Chen, and C.-L. Hsu. 2006. A new negative ion generator using ZnO nanowire Array. J. Electrochem. Soc. 153:G894. doi: 10.1149/1.2223557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, T.-M., C.-J. Tsai, S.-Y. Yan, and S.-N. Li. 2014. An efficient wet electrostatic precipitator for removing nanoparticles, submicron and micron-sized particles. Sep. Purif. Technol. 136:27–35. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.08.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guadagno, L., U. Vietri, M. Raimondo, L. Vertuccio, G. Barra, B. De Vivo, P. Lamberti, G. Spinelli, V. Tucci, F. De Nicola, R. Volponi, S. Russo, 2015. Correlation between electrical conductivity and manufacturing processes of nanofilled carbon fiber reinforced composites. Composites Part B Eng. 80:7–14. doi: 10.1016/j.composites.2015.05.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, B., N. Hudda, Z. Ning, and C. Sioutas. 2008. Enhanced unipolar charging of concentration-enriched particles using water-based condensational growth. J. Aerosol Sci. 39:770–84. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.05.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, B., N. Hudda, Z. Ning, H.-J. Kim, Y.-J. Kim, and C. Sioutas. 2009. A novel bipolar charger for submicron aerosol particles using carbon fiber ionizers. J. Aerosol Sci. 40:285–94. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.11.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirano, Y., T. Yamane, and A. Todoroki. 2016. Through-thickness electric conductivity of toughened carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer laminates with resin-rich layers. Compos. Sci. Technol. 122:67–72. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.11.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaworek, A., A. Krupa, and T. Czech. 2007. Modern electrostatic devices and methods for exhaust gas cleaning: a brief review. J. Electrostatics 65:133–55. doi: 10.1016/j.elstat.2006.07.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jędrusik, M., J.B. Gajewski, and A.J. Świerczok. 2001. Effect of the particle diameter and corona electrode geometry on the particle migration velocity in electrostatic precipitators. J. Electrostatics 51:245–51. doi:10.1016/S0304-3886(01)00047-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jędrusik, M., and A. Świerczok. 2013. The correlation between corona current distribution and collection of fine particles in a laboratory-scale electrostatic precipitator. J. Electrostatics 71:199–203. doi: 10.1016/j.elstat.2013.01.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jędrusik, M., A. Swierczok, and R. Teisseyre. 2003. Experimental study of fly ash precipitation in a model electrostatic precipitator with discharge electrodes of different design. Powder Technol. 135–136:295–301. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2003.08.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandare, E., A.A. Khatibi, S. Yoo, R. Wang, J. Ma, P. Olivier, N. Gleizes, and C.H. Wang. 2015. Improving the through-thickness thermal and electrical conductivity of carbon fibre/epoxy laminates by exploiting synergy between graphene and silver nano-inclusions. Composites Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 69:72–82. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2014.10.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakami, H., T. Sakurai, Y. Ehara, T. Yamamoto, and A. Zukeran. 2013. Performance characteristics between horizontally and vertically oriented electrodes EHD ESP for collection of low-resistive diesel particulates. J. Electrostatics 71:1117–23. doi: 10.1016/j.elstat.2013.10.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, H.-J., B. Han, Y.-J. Kim, K.-D. Hwang, W.-S. Oh, S.-Y. Yoo, and T. Oda. 2011. Fine particle removal performance of a two-stage wet electrostatic precipitator using a nonmetallic pre-charger. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 61:1334–43. doi: 10.1080/10473289.2011.603994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lagarias, J.S. 1960. Discharge electrodes and electrostatic precipitators. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 10:271–4. doi: 10.1080/00022470.1960.10467929.
   Google Scholar
• Landham, E.C., Jr., J.L. Dubard, and W. Piulle. 1990. The effect of high-voltage waveforms on ESP current density distributions. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 26:515–22. doi:10.1109/28.55955
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, N.F., and C. Andersson. 2009. Electrode shape and collector plate spacing effects on ESP performance. In Electrostatic Precipitation, ed. K. Yang, 111–118. Berlin, Germany: Springer. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-89251-9_23 ( accessed July 2016).
   Google Scholar
• Parker, K.R. 2012. Applied Electrostatic Precipitation. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Qin, W., F. Vautard, L.T. Drzal, and J. Yu. 2015. Mechanical and electrical properties of carbon fiber composites with incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets at the fiber–matrix interphase. Composites Part B Eng. 69:335–41. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.10.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strong, A.B. 2008. Fundamentals of Composites Manufacturing: Materials, Methods and Applications. Dearborn, MI: Society of Manufacturing Engineers.
   Google Scholar
• Suleman Tahir, M., M. Saleem, and M. Siebenhofer. 2012. Characterization of brush type discharge electrodes and impact of enhanced corona discharge on operation of electrostatic precipitators. J. Electrostatics 70:144–8. doi: 10.1016/j.elstat.2011.11.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., and D.D.L. Chung. 2000. Electrical behavior of carbon fiber polymer-matrix composites in the through-thickness direction. J. Mater. Sci. 35:91–100. doi:10.1023/A:1004744600284
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, H.J. 1963. Industrial Electrostatic Precipitation. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, X., C. Zheng, P. Yan, W. Zhu, Y. Wang, X. Gao, Z. Luo, M. Ni, and K. Cen. 2016. Effect of electrode configuration on particle collection in a high-temperature electrostatic precipitator. Sep. Purif. Technol. 166:157–63. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.04.039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, P., C. Zheng, W. Zhu, X. Xu, X. Gao, Z. Luo, M. Ni, and K. Cen. 2016. An experimental study on the effects of temperature and pressure on negative corona discharge in high-temperature ESPs. Appl. Energy 164:28–35. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.11.040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, J., Y. Shi, X. Zhang, H. Yan, and K. Yan. 2010. Current density and efficiency of a novel lab ESP for fine particles collection. In Electrostatic Precipitation: 11th International Conference on Electrostatic Precipitation, Hangzhou, October 20-24, 2008, ed. Y. Keping, 65. New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
   Google Scholar