Preparation and reactivation of magnetic biochar by molten salt method: Relevant performance for chlorine-containing pesticides abatement

References

• Baig, S. A., J. Zhu, N. Muhammad, T. Sheng, and X. Xu. 2014. Effect of synthesis methods on magnetic Kans grass biochar for enhanced As(III, V) adsorption from aqueous solutions. Biomass Bioenergy 71:299–310. doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.09.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, Q., Z. Liu, and R. Che. 2014. Ordered mesoporous CoFe2O4 nanoparticles: Molten-salt-assisted rapid nanocasting synthesis and the effects of calcining heating rate. New J. Chem. 38 (7):3193–3198. doi:10.1039/c4nj00235k.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, D.-W., J. Lee, Y. S. Ok, E. E. Kwon, and H. Song. 2016. Fabrication of a novel magnetic carbon nanocomposite adsorbent via pyrolysis of sugar. Chemosphere 163:305–312. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flandinet, L., F. Tedjar, V. Ghetta, and J. Fouletier. 2012. Metals recovering from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) using molten salts. J. Hazard. Mater. 213–214:485–490. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.02.037.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frangini, S., and A. Masi. 2016. Molten carbonates for advanced and sustainable energy applications: Part I. Revisiting molten carbonate properties from a sustainable viewpoint. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 41 (41):18739–18746. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.12.073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao, X., J. Wang, B. Ding, L. Shen, Y. Xu, Y. Wang, Z. Chang, H. Dou, X. Lu, and X. Zhang. 2016. Heteroatom Doped Porous Carbon Nanosheets: General Preparation and Enhanced Capacitive Properties. Chem. 22(46):16668–16674. doi:10.1002/chem.201602922.
   Google Scholar
• Ji, G., X. Lin, Y. Sun, S. A. A. Trimizi, H. Su, and Y. Du. 2011. Molten salt growth and magnetic properties of octahedral CoFe2O4 crystals: Effects of synthesis conditions. Cryst. Eng. Comm. 13 (21):6451–6456. doi:10.1039/c1ce05459g.
   Google Scholar
• Jung, K.-W., B. H. Choi, T.-U. Jeong, and K.-H. Ahn. 2016. Facile synthesis of magnetic biochar/Fe3O4 nanocomposites using electro-magnetization technique and its application on the removal of acid orange 7 from aqueous media. Bioresour. Technol. 220:672–676. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalinke, C., A. S. Mangrich, L. H. Marcolino-Junior, and M. F. Bergamini. 2016. Biochar prepared from castor oil cake at different temperatures: A voltammetric study applied for Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions preconcentration. J. Hazard. Mater. 318:526–532. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kong, W. X., F. Zhao, H. J. Guan, Y. F. Zhao, H. S. Zhang, and B. Zhang. 2016. Highly adsorptive mesoporous carbon from biomass using molten-salt route. J. Mater. Sci. 51 (14):6793–6800. doi:10.1007/s10853-016-9966-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovarik, P., J. D. Navratil, and J. John. 2015. Scientific and Engineering Literature Mini Review of Molten Salt Oxidation for Radioactive Waste Treatment and Organic Compound Gasification as well as Spent Salt Treatment. Sci. Technol. Nucl. Installations 2015:1-10. doi:10.1155/2015/407842.
   Google Scholar
• Li, J.-H., X.-F. Sun, Z.-T. Yao, and X.-Y. Zhao. 2014. Remediation of 1, 2, 3-trichlorobenzene contaminated soil using a combined thermal desorption–Molten salt oxidation reactor system. Chemosphere 97:125–129. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, R., J. J. Wang, B. Zhou, Z. Zhang, S. Liu, S. Lei, and R. Xiao. 2017. Simultaneous capture removal of phosphate, ammonium and organic substances by MgO impregnated biochar and its potential use in swine wastewater treatment. J. Clean. Prod. 147:96–107. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.01.069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang, B., J. Lehmann, D. Solomon, J. Kinyangi, J. Grossman, B. O’Neill, J. O. Skjemstad, J. Thies, F. J. Luizão, and J. Petersen. 2006. Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soil. Soil Sci. Soc. America J. 70 (5):1719–1730. doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0383.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, G., W.-J. Sun, S.-S. Tang, S.-Q. Liang, and J. Liu. 2015. Synthesis of alpha-Fe2O3@SnO2 core-shell nanoparticles via low-temperature molten salt reaction route. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 25 (11):3651–3656. doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(15)64076-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, -T.-T., M.-H. Wang, H.-P. Zhang, and Y.-Z. Zhao. 2016a. Molten salt synthesis of doped nanocrystalline ZnO powders and applications in varistor ceramics. J. Mater. Science-Materials S 27 (4):3704–3709. doi:10.1007/s10854-015-4211-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, W. J., K. Tian, H. Jiang, and H. Q. Yu. 2013. Facile synthesis of highly efficient and recyclable magnetic solid acid from biomass waste. Sci. Rep. 3 (33):2419. doi:10.1038/srep02419.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu, X., and M. Antonietti. 2014. Molten salt activation for synthesis of porous carbon nanostructures and carbon sheets. Carbon N. Y. 69:460–466. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, X., J. Li, and H. Du. 2016b. Preparation and characterization of Zn 2 TiO 4 micro/nano crystals by molten salt method. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. s 27 (12):1–5. doi:10.1007/s10854-016-5474-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobos, M. L. N., J. M. Sieben, V. Comignani, M. Duarte, M. A. Volpe, and E. L. Moyano. 2016. Biochar from pyrolysis of cellulose: An alternative catalyst support for the electro-oxidation of methanol. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 41 (25):10695–10706. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.04.041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, B., Z. Xiao, H. Zhu, W. Xiao, W. Wu, and D. Wang. 2015. Enhanced capacitive properties of commercial activated carbon by re-activation in molten carbonates. J. Power. Sources 298:74–82. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.08.047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, B. H., L. Y. Hu, H. Y. Yin, X. H. Mao, W. Xiao, and D. H. Wang. 2016a. Preparation and application of capacitive carbon from bamboo shells by one step molten carbonates carbonization. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 41 (41):18713–18720. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.083.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, B. H., L. Y. Hu, H. Y. Yin, W. Xiao, and D. H. Wang. 2016b. One-step molten salt carbonization (MSC) of firwood biomass for capacitive carbon. RSC Adv 6 (108):106485–106490. doi:10.1039/C6RA22191B.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, B. H., J. Zhou, Y. Q. Song, H. L. Wang, W. Xiao, and D. H. Wang. 2016c. Molten-salt treatment of waste biomass for preparation of carbon with enhanced capacitive properties and electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction. Faraday Discuss. 190:147–159. doi:10.1039/C5FD00215J.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marques, S. C. R., J. M. Marcuzzo, M. R. Baldan, A. S. Mestre, and A. P. Carvalho. 2017. Pharmaceuticals removal by activated carbons: Role of morphology on cyclic thermal regeneration. Chem. Eng. J. 321:233–244. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.03.101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagodavithane, C. L., B. Singh, and Y. Fang. 2014. Effect of ageing on surface charge characteristics and adsorption behaviour of cadmium and arsenate in two contrasting soils amended with biochar. Soil Res. 52 (2):155–163. doi:10.1071/SR13187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh, S. Y., and Y. D. Seo. 2016. Sorption of halogenated phenols and pharmaceuticals to biochar: Affecting factors and mechanisms. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 23 (2):1–11. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-5714-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özhan, A., Ö. Şahin, M. M. Küçük, and C. Saka. 2014. Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from pine cone by microwave-induced ZnCl2 activation and its effects on the adsorption of methylene blue. Cellulose 21 (4):2457–2467. doi:10.1007/s10570-014-0299-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng, B., L. Chen, C. Que, K. Yang, F. Deng, X. Deng, G. Shi, G. Xu, and M. Wu. 2016. Adsorption of Antibiotics on Graphene and Biochar in Aqueous Solutions Induced by π-π Interactions. Sci. Rep. 6 (6):31920. doi:10.1038/srep31920.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raade, J. W., and D. Padowitz. 2011. Development of molten salt heat transfer fluid with low melting point and high thermal stability. J. Solar Energy Eng. 133 (3):031013. doi:10.1115/1.4004243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy, M. V., S. Adams, G. T. J. Liang, I. F. Mingze, T. A. Huynh Van, and B. V. R. Chowdari. 2014a. Low temperature molten salt synthesis of anatase TiO2 and its electrochemical properties. Solid State Ionics 262:120–123. doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2013.11.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy, M. V., C. T. Cherian, K. Ramanathan, K. C. W. Jie, T. Y. W. Daryl, T. Y. Hao, S. Adams, K. P. Loh, and B. V. R. Chowdari. 2014b. Molten synthesis of ZnO.Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 2 O 3 and its electrochemical performance. Electrochim. Acta 118:75–80. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2013.11.125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy, M. V., V. H. Khai, and B. V. R. Chowdari. 2015a. Facile one pot molten salt synthesis of nano (M 1/2 Sb 1/2 Sn)O 4 (M=V, Fe, In). Mater. Lett. 140:115–118. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2014.10.145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy, M. V., G. V. S. Rao, and B. V. R. Chowdari. 2013. Metal Oxides and Oxysalts as Anode Materials for Li Ion Batteries. Chem. Rev. 113 (7):5364–5457. doi:10.1021/cr3001884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy, M. V., L. Y. Tse, K. Z. B. Wen, and B. V. R. Chowdari. 2015b. Low temperature molten salt preparation of nano-SnO2 as anode for lithium-ion batteries. Mater. Lett. 138:231–234. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2014.09.108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reguyal, F., A. K. Sarmah, and W. Gao. 2016. Synthesis of magnetic biochar from pine sawdust via oxidative hydrolysis of FeCl2 for the removal sulfamethoxazole from aqueous solution. J. Hazard. Mater. 321::868–878. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saravanan, P., V. T. P. Vinod, B. Sreedhar, and R. B. Sashidhar. 2012. Gum kondagogu modified magnetic nano-adsorbent: An efficient protocol for removal of various toxic metal ions. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 32 (3):581–586. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2011.12.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selvamani, S., S. Balamurugan, and S. V. Sreenija. 2016. Facile Synthesis of Nanocrystalline CuFe2O4 Materials by Molten Salt Flux Method. In Dae Solid State Physics Symposium 2015, eds. R. Chitra, S. Bhattacharya, and N. K. Sahoo, Vol. 1731, 597–603. Melville, NY: AIP Publishing LLC.
   Google Scholar
• Shan, D., S. Deng, T. Zhao, B. Wang, Y. Wang, J. Huang, G. Yu, J. Winglee, and M. R. Wiesner. 2016. Preparation of ultrafine magnetic biochar and activated carbon for pharmaceutical adsorption and subsequent degradation by ball milling. J. Hazard. Mater. 305:156–163. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang, C., G. Ji, W. Liu, X. Zhang, H. Lv, and Y. Du. 2015a. One-pot in situ molten salt synthesis of octahedral Fe3O4 for efficient microwave absorption application. RSC Adv 5 (98):80450–80456. doi:10.1039/C5RA15949K.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shang, H. S., Y. J. Lu, F. Zhao, C. Chao, B. Zhang, and H. S. Zhang. 2015b. Preparing high surface area porous carbon from biomass by carbonization in a molten salt medium. RSC Adv 5 (92):75728–75734. doi:10.1039/C5RA12406A.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thines, K. R., E. C. Abdullah, N. M. Mubarak, and M. Ruthiraan. 2017. Synthesis of magnetic biochar from agricultural waste biomass to enhancing route for waste water and polymer application: A review. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews 67:257–276. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Upadhye, R. S., C. O. Pruneda, and B. E. Watkins 1997. Recent advances in the molten salt technology for the destruction of energetic materials. Proceedings of the 1997 Air & Waste Management Association’s 90th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, June 8, 1997 - June 13, 1997, Toronto, Can. Air & Waste Management Assoc.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, L., X. Jiang, and Y. Liu. 2008. Degradation of bisphenol A and formation of hydrogen peroxide induced by glow discharge plasma in aqueous solutions. J. Hazard. Mater 154 (1–3):1106–1114. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, W., L. Liu, Y. Ma, and W. Wang. 2014. Synthesis and optical property of plate-like ZnO nanocrystals prepared by a NaCl molten salt method. New Chem. Mater. 42 (6):135–137.
   Google Scholar
• Wei, D., H. H. Ngo, W. Guo, W. Xu, Y. Zhang, B. Du, and Q. Wei. 2016. Biosorption of effluent organic matter onto magnetic biochar composite: Behavior of fluorescent components and their binding properties. Bioresour. Technol. 214:259–265. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xia, G., N. Li, D. Li, R. Liu, N. Xiao, and D. Tian. 2011. Molten-salt decomposition synthesis of SnO2 nanoparticles as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Mater. Lett. 65(23–24):3377–3379. doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2011.07.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, F., L. Sun, W. Zhang, and Y. Zhang. 2017. One-pot synthesis of porous carbon foam derived from corn straw: Atrazine adsorption equilibrium and kinetics. Environ. Sci. Nano 4(3):625–635. doi:10.1039/C6EN00574H.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, J., Y. Zhao, S. Ma, B. Zhu, J. Y. Zhang, and C. Zheng. 2016. Mercury removal by magnetic biochar derived from simultaneous activation and magnetization of sawdust. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50(21):12040–12047. doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b03743.
   Google Scholar
• Yao, Z., J. Li, and X. Zhao. 2011. Molten salt oxidation: A versatile and promising technology for the destruction of organic-containing wastes. Chemosphere 84 (9):1167–1174. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.061.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao, Z.-T., J.-H. Li, and X.-Y. Zhao. 2013. Destruction of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) in a ternary carbonate molten salt reactor. J. Environ. Manage. 127:244–248. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.04.040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin, H., B. Lu, Y. Xu, D. Tang, X. Mao, W. Xiao, D. Wang, and A. N. Alshawabkeh. 2014. Harvesting Capacitive Carbon by Carbonization of Waste Biomass in Molten Salts. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48 (14):8101–8108. doi:10.1021/es501739v.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, J. X., L. Y. Wang, R. A. Chi, Y. F. Zhang, Z. G. Xu, and J. Guo. 2013. Competitive adsorption of Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ on magnetic modified sugarcane bagasse prepared by two simple steps. Appl. Surf. Sci. 268 (268):163–170. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.12.047.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, Q. Z., X. H. Wang, Z. L. Du, X. R. Liu, and Y. D. Wang. 2013. Impact of biochar on nitrate accumulation in an alkaline soil. Soil Res. 51 (6):521–528. doi:10.1071/SR13153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, H., S. Yang, H. You, Y. Wu, and B. Ding. 2012. Synthesis of surfactant-free Pt concave nanoparticles in a freshly-made or recycled molten salt. Green Chem. 14 (11):3197–3203. doi:10.1039/c2gc35995b.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar