Influence of deployment time and surface wind speed on the accuracy of measurements of greenhouse gas fluxes using a closed chamber method under low surface wind speed

References

• Acharya, C. L., and S. S. Prihar. 1969. Vapor losses through soil mulch at different wind velocities. Agron. J. 61:666–668. doi:10.2134/agronj1969.00021962006100050004x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benoit, G. R., and D. Kirkham. 1963. The effect of soil surface conditions on evaporation of soil water. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 27:495–498. doi:10.2136/sssaj1963.03615995002700050009x.
   Google Scholar
• Butterbach-Bahl, K., R. Kiese, and C. Liu. 2011. Measurements of biosphere-atmosphere exchange of CH4 in terrestrial ecosystems. Method. Enzymol. 495:271–287. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-386905-0.00018-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conen, F., and K. A. Smith. 2000. An explanation of linear increases in gas concentration under closed chambers used to measure gas exchange between soil and the atmosphere. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 51:111–117. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00292.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson, E. A., K. Savage, L. V. Verchot, and R. Navarro. 2002. Minimizing artifacts and biases in chamber-based measurements of soil respiration. Agr. Forest. Meteorol. 113:21–37. doi:10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00100-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Klein, C., and M. Harvey. 2013. Nitrous oxide chamber methodology guidelines. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry for Primary Industries.
   Google Scholar
• Denmead, O. T. 2008. Approaches to measuring fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide between landscapes and the atmosphere. Plant Soil 309:5–24. doi:10.1007/s11104-008-9599-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, L., W. Cao, Z. Shi, B. Li, C. Wang, G. Zhang, and S. Kristensen. 2016a. CO2 and CH4 emissions from the ground level of dairy open lots. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 66 (7):715–725. doi:10.1080/10962247.2016.1173605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, L., Q. Lu, C. Wang, Z. Shi, W. Cao, and B. Li. 2015. Effects of configuration and headspace mixing on the accuracy of flux chambers for dairy farm gas emission measurement. Appl. Eng. Agric. 31:153–162. doi:10.13031/aea.31.10853.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, L., Q. Lu, L. Xie, J. Liu, W. Cao, Z. Shi, B. Li, C. Wang, G. Zhang, and S. Ren. 2016b. Greenhouse gas emissions from dairy open lots and manure stockpile in Northern China: A case study. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 66 (3):267–279. doi:10.1080/10962247.2015.1124058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, F., and S. R. Yates. 1998. Simulation of enclosure-based methods for measuring gas emissions from soil to the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 103:26127–26136. doi:10.1029/98JD01345.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grünzweig, J. M., T. Lin, E. Rotenberg, A. Schwartz, and D. Yakir. 2003. Carbon sequestration in arid-land forest. Global Change Biol. 9:791–799. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00612.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper, L. A., O. T. Denmead, and J. R. Freney. 1999. Direct measurements of methane emissions from grazing and feedlot cattle. Anim. Sci. J. 77:1392–1401. doi:10.2527/1999.7761392x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson, G. L., G. P. Livingston, R. W. Healy, and R. G. Striegl. 2000. Chamber measurements of surface–Atmosphere trace gas exchange: Numerical evaluation of dependence of soil, interfacial layer, and source/sink properties. J. Geophys. Res-Atmos. 105:8865–8875. doi:10.1029/1999JD901204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimball, B. A., and E. R. Lemon. 1971. Air turbulence effects upon soil gas exchange. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc 35:16–21. doi:10.2136/sssaj1971.03615995003500010013x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kutzbach, L., J. Schneider, T. Sachs, M. Giebels, H. Nyk Nen, N. J. Shurpali, P. J. Martikainen, J. Alm, and M. Wilmking. 2007. CO2 flux determination by closed-chamber methods can be seriously biased by inappropriate application of linear regression. Biogeosciences 4:1002–1025. doi:10.5194/bg-4-1005-2007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai, D. Y. F., N. T. Roulet1, E. R. Humphreys, T. R. Moore, and M. Dalva. 2012. The effect of atmospheric turbulence and chamber deployment period on autochamber CO2 and CH4 flux measurements in an ombrotrophic peatland. Biogeosciences 9:3305–3322. doi:10.5194/bg-9-3305-2012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laubach, J., M. Bai, C. S. Pinares-Patino, and F. A. Phillips. 2013. Accuracy of micrometeorological techniques for detecting a change in methane emissions from a herd of cattle. Agr. Forest. Meteorol. 176:50–63. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2013.03.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leytem, A. B., R. S. Dungan, D. L. Bjorneberg, and C. K. Anita. 2011. Emissions of ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide from dairy cattle housing and manure management systems. J. Environ. Qual. 40:1383–1394. doi:10.2134/jeq2009.0515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, B., S. E. Ford, Y. Li, and Y. Zhang. 2006. Development of a fan testing chamber for agricultural and horticultural fans in China. Appl. Eng. Agric. 22:115–119. doi:10.13031/2013.18344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston, G. P., G. L. Hutchinson, and K. Spartalian. 2006. Trace gas emission in chambers: A non-steady-state diffusion model. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70:1459–1469. doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovanh, N., J. Warren, and K. Sistani. 2010. Determination of ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from land application of swine slurry: A comparison of three application methods. Bioresource. Technol. 101:1662–1667. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lund, C. P., W. J. Riley, L. L. Pierce, and C. B. Field. 1999. The effects of chamber pressurization on soil-surface CO2 flux, and the implications for NEE measurements under elevated CO2. Global Change Biol. 5:269–281. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00218.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGinn, S. M., D. Turner, N. Tomkins, E. Charmley, G. Bishophurley, and D. Chen. 2011. Methane emissions from grazing cattle using point-source dispersion. J. Environ. Qual. 40:22–27. doi:10.2134/jeq2010.0239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misselbrook, T. H., J. Webb, D. R. Chadwick, S. Ellis, and B. F. Pain. 2001. Gaseous emissions from outdoor concrete yards used by livestock. Atoms. Environ. 35:5331–5338. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00289-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker, D. B., K. D. Casey, R. W. Todd, H. M. Waldrip, G. W. Marek, B. W. Auvermann, T. H. Marek, K. Webb, W. M. Willis, B. Pemberton, and B. Meyer. 2017. Improved chamber systems for rapid, real-time nitrous oxide emissions from manure and soil. T. Asabe. 60:1235–1258. doi:10.13031/trans.1215a.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, S. O., C. C. Hoffmann, C. M. Schafer, G. Blichermathiesen, L. Elsgaard, K. Kristensen, S. E. Larsen, S. B. Torp, and M. H. Greve. 2012. Annual emissions of CH4 and N2O, and ecosystem respiration, from eight organic soils in Western Denmark managed by agriculture. Biogeosciences 9:403–422. doi:10.5194/bg-9-309-2012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philippe, R., and S. E. H. Nikita. 2008. Chamber measurements of soil nitrous oxide flux: Are absolute values reliable? Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J. 72:331–342. doi:10.2136/sssaj2007.0215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pihlatie, M. K., J. R. Christiansen, H. Aaltonen, J. F. J. Korhonen, A. Nordbo, T. Rasilo, G. Benanti, M. Giebels, M. Helmy, J. Sheehy, S. Jones, R. Juszczak, R. Klefoth, R. Lobo-do-Vale, A. P. Rosa, P. Schreiber, D. Serça, S. Vicca, B. Wolf, and J. Pumpanen. 2013. Comparison of static chambers to measure CH4 emissions from soils. Agr. Forest. Meteorol. s171–172 (8):124–136. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pumpanen, J., P. Kolari, H. Ilvesniemi, K. Minkkinen, T. Vesala, S. Niinistö, A. Lohila, T. Larmola, M. Morero, M. Pihlatie, I. Janssens, J. C. Yuste, J. M. Grünzweig, S. Reth, J. A. Subke, K. Savage, W. Kutsch, G. Østreng, W. Ziegler, P. Anthoni, A. Lindroth, and P. Hari. 2004. Comparison of different chamber techniques for measuring soil CO2 efflux. Agr. Forest. Meteorol. 123:159–176. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.12.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rachhpal, S. J., T. A. Black, Z. Nesic, and D. Gaumontguay. 2012. Using automated non-steady-state chamber systems for making continuous long-term measurements of soil CO2 efflux in forest ecosystems. Agr. Forest. Meteorol. 161:57–65. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.03.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redeker, K. R., A. J. Baird, and Y. A. Teh. 2015. Quantifying wind and pressure effects on trace gas fluxes across the soil–Atmosphere interface. Biogeosciences 12:7423–7434. doi:10.5194/bg-12-7423-2015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reichman, R., and D. E. Rolston. 2002. Design and performance of a dynamic gas flux chamber. J. Environ. Qual. 31:1774–1781. doi:10.2134/jeq2002.1774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reicosky, D. C., and O. T. Denmead. 2003. Tillage-induced soil properties and chamber effects on gas exchange. Proceedings of the International Soil Tillage Research Organization, Brisbane, Australia, July, 971–976.
   Google Scholar
• Rochette, P., and N. Bertrand. 2007. Soil-surface gas emissions. In Soil sampling and methods of analysis, ed. M. Carter and E. G. Gregorich, 851–861. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Spiehs, M. J., M. H. Whitney, G. C. Shurson, R. E. Nicolai, J. A. R. Flores, and D. B. Parker. 2012. Oder and gas missions and nutrient excretion from pigs fed diets containing dried distillers grains with soluble. Appl. Eng. Agric. 28:431–437. doi:10.13031/2013.41492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanka, P. K., E. L. Poul, and E. Lars. 2016. Effect of chamber enclosure time on soil respiration flux: A comparison of linear and non-linear flux calculation methods. Atoms. Environ. 141:245–254. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.062.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan, Y., Y. Li, E. Lin, Q. Gao, and X. Qin. 2005. Studies on closing time in measuring greenhouse gas emission from dry cropland by static chamber method. Chin. J. Agrometeorology 27:122–124. in Chinese.
   Google Scholar
• Weishampel, P., and R. Kolka. 2008. Measurement of methane fluxes from terrestrial landscapes using static, non-steady state enclosures. In Field measurements for forest carbon monitoring: A landscape scale approach, ed. C. M. Hoover, 163–170. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Widén, B., and A. Lindroth. 2003. A calibration system for soil carbon dioxide-efflux measurement chambers: Description and application. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. J. 67:327–334. doi:10.2136/sssaj2003.3270.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao, Z., X. Zheng, B. Xie, C. Liu, B. Mei, H. Dong, K. Butterbach-Bahl, and J. Zhu. 2009. Comparison of manual and automated chambers for field measurements of N2O, CH4, CO2 fluxes from cultivated land. Atoms. Environ. 43:1888–1896. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.12.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar