1,425
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Technical Paper

Insight into monsoon for shaping the air quality of Islamabad, Pakistan: Comparing the magnitude of health risk associated with PM10 and PM2.5 exposure

ORCID Icon, , , &
Pages 1340-1355 | Received 03 Mar 2020, Accepted 30 Jun 2020, Published online: 19 Oct 2020

References

  • Amato, F., M. Schaap, H. A. D. van der Gon, M. Pandolfi, A. Alastuey, M. Keuken, and X. Querol. 2012. Effect of rain events on the mobility of road dust load in two Dutch and Spanish roads. Atmos. Environ. 62:352–58.
  • Atkinson, R. W., S. Kang, H. R. Anderson, I. C. Mills, and H. A. Walton. 2014. Epidemiological time series studies of PM2. 5 and daily mortality and hospital admissions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax. 69:204–492.
  • Basagana, X., B. Jacquemin n.d., A. Karanasiou, B. Ostro, X. Querol, D. Agis, E. Alessandrini, J. Alguacil, B. A. Artiñano, and M. Catrambone. 2015. Short-term effects of particulate matter constituents on daily hospitalizations and mortality in five South-European cities: Results from the MED-PARTICLES project. Environ Int 75:151–58.
  • Bulbul, G., I. Shahid, F. Chishtie, M. Z. Shahid, R. A. Hundal, F. Zahra, and M. I. Shahzad. 2017. PM10 sampling and AOD trends during 2016 winter fog season in the Islamabad Region. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 18:188–199.
  • Cao, J. J., S. C. Lee, J. C. Chow, J. G. Watson, K. F. Ho, R. J. Zhang, Z. D. Jin, Z. X. Shen, G. C. Chen, and Y. M. Kang. 2007. Spatial and seasonal distributions of carbonaceous aerosols over China. J. Geophys. Res. 121:804–810.
  • Chen, H., R. T. Burnett, J. C. Kwong, P. J. Villeneuve, M. S. Goldberg, R. D. Brook, A. van Donkelaar, M. Jerrett, R. V. Martin, and J. R. Brook. 2013. Risk of incident diabetes in relation to long-term exposure to fine particulate matter in Ontario, Canada. Environ.Health Perspect. 586:255–264.
  • Chen, Y., X. Li, T. Zhu, Y. Han, and D. Lv. 2017. PM2.5-bound PAHs in three indoor and one outdoor air in Beijing: Concentration, source and health risk assessment. Sci. Total Environ. 586:255–64.
  • Draxler, R., and G. Rolph. 2015. HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model access via NOAA ARL READY website. College Park, MD: NOAA Air Resources Laboratory.
  • European Commission. 2001. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH). Position Paper, Working Group on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Luxembourg.
  • Forouzanfar, M. H., A. Afshin, L. T. Alexander, H. R. Anderson, Z. A. Bhutta, S. Biryukov, M. Brauer, R. Burnett, K. Cercy, and F. J. Charlson. 2016. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 388:1659–724.
  • Gu, J., Z. Bai, W. Li, L. Wu, A. Liu, H. Dong, and Y. Xie. 2011. Chemical composition of PM2.5 during winter in Tianjin, China. Particuology 9:215–21.
  • Guo, S., M. Hu, M. L. Zamora, J. Peng, D. Shang, J. Zheng, Z. Du, Z. Wu, M. Shao, and L. Zeng. 2014. Elucidating severe urban haze formation in China. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 111:17373–78.
  • Gurjar, B., A. Jain, A. Sharma, A. Agarwal, P. Gupta, A. Nagpure, and J. Lelieveld. 2010. Human health risks in megacities due to air pollution. Atmos. Environ. 44:4606–13.
  • Gurjar, B. R., T. M. Butler, M. G. Lawrence, and J. Lelieveld. 2008. Evaluation of emissions and air quality in megacities. Atmos. Environ. 42:1593–606.
  • Habeebullah, T. M. 2014. Modeling Particulate Matter (PM10) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia - A view point of health impact. Transit Aust. 54:2778–84.
  • Hadei, M., S. S. Hashemi Nazari, A. Eslami, A. Khosravi, M. Yarahmadi, Z. Naghdali, and A. Shahsavani. 2018. Distribution and number of ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE (IHD) and stroke deaths due to chronic exposure to PM2.5 IN 10 cities of IRAN (2013-2015); an AirQ+ modelling. J. Air Pollut. Health 2 (3):129–136.
  • Hadei, M., S. S. H. Nazari, M. Yarahmadi, M. Kermani, M. Farhadi, and A. Shahsavani. 2017. Estimation of gender-specific lung cancer deaths due to exposure to PM2.5 in 10 cities of Iran during 2013-2016: A modeling approach. Aerosol Air Qual Res. 17:2474–2481.
  • Hamid, N., J. H. Syed, M. Junaid, A. Mahmood, J. Li, G. Zhang, and R. N. Malik. 2017. Elucidating the urban levels, sources and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Pakistan: Implications for changing energy demand. Sci. Total Environ. 619–620:165–75.
  • Harrison, R. M., D. Bousiotis, A. Mohorjy, A. Alkhalaf, M. Shamy, M. Alghamdi, M. Khoder, and M. Costa. 2017. Health risk associated with airborne particulate matter and its components in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Sci. Total Environ. 590:531–39.
  • Harrison, R. M., R. Tilling, M. Ì. A. S. C. N. Romero, S. Harrad, and K. Jarvis. 2003. A study of trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the roadside environment. Atmos. Environ. 37:2391–402.
  • Herman, D. A., L. M. Wingen, R. M. Johnson, A. J. Keebaugh, S. R. Renusch, I. Hasen, A. Ting, and M. T. Kleinman. 2020. Seasonal effects of ambient PM2. 5 on the cardiovascular system of hyperlipidemic mice. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 70:307–323.
  • Hien, P. D., V. T. Bac, and N. T. H. Thinh. 2004. PMF receptor modelling of fine and coarse PM10 in air masses governing monsoon conditions in Hanoi, northern Vietnam. Atmos. Environ. 38:189–201.
  • Hopke, P. K., S. S. H. Nazari, M. Hadei, M. Yarahmadi, M. Kermani, E. Yarahmadi, and A. Shahsavani. 2018. Spatial and temporal trends of short-term health impacts of PM2.5 in Iranian cities; a modelling approach (2013-2016). Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 18:497–504sss.
  • Imran, A., Q. Zaman, G. Rasul, and A. Mahmood. 2014. An analytical study of the variations in the monsoon patterns over Pakistan. Pak. J. Meteorol. 10:20.
  • Iqbal, M. F., and H. Athar. 2018. Validation of satellite based precipitation over diverse topography of Pakistan. Atmos. Res. 201:247–60.
  • Javed, W., G. Murtaza, H. R. Ahmad, and M. Iqbal. 2014. A preliminary assessment of air quality index (AQI) along a busy road in Faisalabad metropolitan, Pakistan. Int.l J. Environ. Sci. 5:623–33.
  • Kamal, A., R. N. Malik, T. Martellini, and A. Cincinelli. 2014. PAH exposure biomarkers are associated with clinico-chemical changes in the brick kiln workers in Pakistan. Sci. Total Environ. 490:521–27.
  • Keuken, M., H. D. van der Gon, and K. van der Valk. 2010. Non-exhaust emissions of PM and the efficiency of emission reduction by road sweeping and washing in the Netherlands. Sci. Total Environ. 408:4591–99.
  • Khan, F. K. 1991. A geography of Pakistan: Environment, people and economy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
  • Khodeir, M., M. Shamy, M. Alghamdi, M. Zhong, H. Sun, M. Costa, L.-C. Chen, and P. Maciejczyk. 2012. Source apportionment and elemental composition of PM2. 5 and PM10 in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 3:331–40.
  • Kumar, A., and P. Goyal. 2011. Forecasting of daily air quality index in Delhi. Sci. Total Environ. 409:5517–23.
  • La Paz, D. D., R. Borge, M. Vedrenne, J. Lumbreras, F. Amato, A. Karanasiou, E. Boldo, and T. Moreno. 2015. Implementation of road dust resuspension in air quality simulations of particulate matter in Madrid (Spain). Front. Environ. Sci. 3:72.
  • Lau, W. K., K.-M. Kim, C. N. Hsu, and B. N. Holben. 2009. Possible influences of air pollution, dust and sandstorms on the Indian monsoon, 22–30. Geneva, Switzerland: Bulletin - World Meteorological Organization 2009 World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
  • Li, C., Z. Dai, L. Yang, and Z. Ma. 2019a. Spatiotemporal characteristics of air quality across Weifang from 2014–2018. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16:3122.
  • Li, J., T. Xu, X. Lu, H. Chen, S. A. Nizkorodov, J. Chen, X. Yang, Z. Mo, Z. Chen, and H. Liu. 2017. Online single particle measurement of fireworks pollution during Chinese new year in Nanning. J. Environ. Sci. China 53:184–95.
  • Li, X., K. He, C. Li, F. Yang, Q. Zhao, Y. Ma, Y. Cheng, W. Ouyang, and G. Chen. 2013. PM2. 5 mass, chemical composition, and light extinction before and during the 2008 Beijing olympics. J. Geophys. Res. 118 (12):158–112,167.
  • Li, Y., C. Zheng, Z. Ma, and W. Quan. 2019b. Acute and cumulative effects of haze fine particles on mortality and the seasonal characteristics in Beijing, China, 2005–2013: A time-stratified case-crossover study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16:2383.
  • Lo, W.-C., R.-H. Shie, -C.-C. Chan, and -H.-H. Lin. 2017. Burden of disease attributable to ambient fine particulate matter exposure in Taiwan. J. Formosan Med. Assoc. 116:32–40.
  • Lodhi, A., B. Ghauri, M. R. Khan, S. Rahman, and S. Shafique. 2009. Particulate matter (PM2. 5) concentration and source apportionment in Lahore. J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 20:1811–20.
  • Lu, F., D. Xu, Y. Cheng, S. Dong, C. Guo, X. Jiang, and X. Zheng. 2015. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the adverse health effects of ambient PM2.5 and PM10 pollution in the Chinese population. Environ. Res. 136:196–204.
  • Lv, D., Y. Chen, T. Zhu, T. Li, F. Shen, X. Li, and T. Mehmood. 2019. The pollution characteristics of PM10 and PM2. 5 during summer and winter in Beijing, Suning and Islamabad. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 10:1159–64.
  • Mansha, M., B. Ghauri, S. Rahman, and A. Amman. 2012. Characterization and source apportionment of ambient air particulate matter (PM2.5) in Karachi. Sci. Total Environ. 425:176–83.
  • McNider, R. T., and A. Pour-Biazar. 2020. Meteorological modeling relevant to mesoscale and regional air quality applications: A review. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 70:2–43.
  • Mehmood, T., Z. Tianle, I. Ahmad, and X. Li. 2019. Integration of AirQ+ and particulate matter mass concentration to calculate health and ecological constraints in Islamabad, Pakistan. 16th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST), 248–54. Islamabad, Pakistan: IEEE.
  • Mehmood, T., Z. Tianle, I. Ahmad, and X. Li. 2020. Ambient PM2.5 and PM10 bound PAHs in Islamabad, Pakistan: Concentration, source and health risk assessment. Chemosphere. 257: 127187.
  • Mehmood, T., Z. Tianle, I. Ahmad, X. Li, F. Shen, W. Akram, and L. Dong. 2018. Variations of PM2. 5, PM10 mass concentration and health assessment in Islamabad, Pakistan. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 012031. Shanghai, China: IOP Publishing.
  • Nourmoradi, H. 2015. 8-health impacts of particulate matter in air using AirQ model in Khorramabad City. Iran. J. Basic Res. Med. Sci. 2:44–52.
  • Organization, W. H. 2014. 7 million premature deaths annually linked to air pollution. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
  • Pakistan Economic surveySurvey. 2017. Pakistan economic survey 2016-17. Economic Adviser’s Wing Economic Adviser’s Wing, Finance Division, Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.
  • Peng, R. D., F. Dominici, R. Pastor-Barriuso, S. L. Zeger, and J. M. Samet. 2005. Seasonal analyses of air pollution and mortality in 100 US cities. Am. J. Epidemiol. 161:585–94.
  • Pirie, W. 2004. Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Polissar, A. V., P. K. Hopke, and J. M. Harris. 2001. Source regions for atmospheric aerosol measured at Barrow, Alaska. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35:4214–26.
  • Qadir, M. A., J. H. Zaidi, S. A. Ahmad, A. Gulzar, M. Yaseen, S. Atta, and A. Tufail. 2012. Evaluation of trace elemental composition of aerosols in the atmosphere of Rawalpindi and Islamabad using radio analytical methods. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 70:906–10.
  • Rabl, A. 2003. Interpretation of air pollution mortality: Number of deaths or years of life lost. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 53:41–50.
  • Raes, F., R. Van Dingenen, E. Vignati, J. Wilson, J.-P. Putaud, J. H. Seinfeld, and P. Adams. 2000. Formation and cycling of aerosols in the global troposphere. Atmos. Environ. 34:4215–40.
  • Ramachandran, S. 2005. PM2.5 mass concentrations in comparison with aerosol optical depths over the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean during winter monsoon. Atmos. Environ. 39:1879–90.
  • Rasheed, A., V. P. Aneja, A. Aiyyer, and U. Rafique. 2014. Measurements and analysis of air quality in Islamabad, Pakistan. Earth’s Future 2:303–14.
  • Rasheed, A., V. P. Aneja, A. Aiyyer, and U. Rafique. 2015. Measurement and analysis of fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) in urban areas of Pakistan. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 15:426–39.
  • Rashki, A., D. G. Kaskaoutis, C. J. D. Rautenbach, P. G. Eriksson, M. Qiang, and P. Gupta. 2012. Dust storms and their horizontal dust loading in the Sistan region, Iran. Aeolian Res. 5:51–62.
  • Renjie, C., C. Bingheng, and K. Haidong. 2010. A health-based economic assessment of particulate air pollution in 113 Chinese cities. China Environ. Sci. 30:410–15.
  • Scibor, M., A. Galbarczyk, and G. Jasienska. 2019. Living well with pollution? The impact of the concentration of PM2.5 on the quality of life of patients with Asthma. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16:2502.
  • Shah, M. H., and N. Shaheen. 2008. Annual and seasonal variations of trace metals in atmospheric suspended particulate matter in Islamabad, Pakistan. Water Air Soil Pollut. 190:13–25.
  • Shah, M. H., and N. Shaheen. 2010. Seasonal behaviours in elemental composition of atmospheric aerosols collected in Islamabad, Pakistan. Atmos. Res. 95:210–23.
  • Shah, M. H., N. Shaheen, M. Jaffar, A. Khalique, S. R. Tariq, and S. Manzoor. 2006. Spatial variations in selected metal contents and particle size distribution in an urban and rural atmosphere of Islamabad, Pakistan. J. Environ. Manage. 78:128–37.
  • Shah, M. H., N. Shaheen, and R. Nazir. 2012. Assessment of the trace elements level in urban atmospheric particulate matter and source apportionment in Islamabad, Pakistan. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 3:39–45.
  • Shahid, I., M. Kistler, A. Mukhtar, B. M. Ghauri, C. Ramirez-Santa Cruz, H. Bauer, and H. Puxbaum. 2016. Chemical characterization and mass closure of PM10 and PM2. 5 at an urban site in Karachi–Pakistan. Atmos. Environ. 128:114–23.
  • Shen, F., X. Ge, J. Hu, D. Nie, L. Tian, and M. Chen. 2017. Air pollution characteristics and health risks in Henan Province, China. Environ. Res. 156:625–34.
  • Song, Y., X. Wang, B. A. Maher, F. Li, C. Xu, X. Liu, X. Sun, and Z. Zhang. 2016. The spatial-temporal characteristics and health impacts of ambient fine particulate matter in China. J. Clean. Prod. 112:1312–18.
  • Sulong, N. A., M. T. Latif, M. Sahani, M. F. Khan, M. F. Fadzil, N. M. Tahir, N. Mohamad, N. Sakai, Y. Fujii, M. Othman, et al. 2019. Distribution, sources and potential health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 collected during different monsoon seasons and haze episode in Kuala Lumpur. Chemosphere 219:1–14.
  • Tang, S., Q. Yan, W. Shi, X. Wang, X. Sun, P. Yu, J. Wu, and Y. Xiao. 2018. Measuring the impact of air pollution on respiratory infection risk in China. Environ. Pollut. 232:477–86.
  • Tiwari, S., D. S. Bisht, A. K. Srivastava, A. S. Pipal, A. Taneja, M. K. Srivastava, and S. D. Attri. 2014. Variability in atmospheric particulates and meteorological effects on their mass concentrations over Delhi, India. Atmos. Res. 145:45–56.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2012. Revised air quality standards for particle pollution and updates to the Air Quality Index (AQI), EPA R99–010. North Carolina: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2016. Technical assistance document for the reporting of daily air quality-the Air Quality Index (AQI). In Office of air quality planning and standards, ed. D. Mintz, 1–26. North Carolina: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2016. Ambient air sampling. North Carolina: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
  • Wang, H., L. Dwyer-Lindgren, K. T. Lofgren, J. K. Rajaratnam, J. R. Marcus, A. Levin-Rector, C. E. Levitz, A. D. Lopez, and C. J. L. Murray. 2012. Age-specific and sex-specific mortality in 187 countries, 1970–2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380:2071–94.
  • Wheida, A., A. Nasser, M. El Nazer, A. Borbon, G. A. A. El Ata, M. A. Wahab, and S. C. Alfaro. 2018. Tackling the mortality from long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution in megacities: Lessons from the Greater Cairo case study. Environ. Res. 160:223–31.
  • WHO. 2005. World Health Organization. Air quality guidelines global update 2005 – Particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide. Copenhagen,  Denmark: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Copenhagen.
  • WHO. 2006. Air quality guidelines: Global update 2005: Particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. Copenhagen,  Denmark: World Health Organization.
  • Wingfors, H., L. Hägglund, and R. Magnusson. 2011. Characterization of the size-distribution of aerosols and particle-bound content of oxygenated PAHs, PAHs, and n-alkanes in urban environments in Afghanistan. Atmos. Environ. 45:4360–69.
  • World Health Organization. 2003. Health aspects of air pollution with particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide: Report on a WHO working group. Copenhagen, Bonn, Germany: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
  • World Life Expectancy. 2017. WORLDHEALTHRANKINGS. Global Life Partners.
  • Wu, C. H., S. Y. S. Wang, and -H.-H. Hsu. 2018. Large-scale control of the Arabian Sea monsoon inversion in August. Clim. Dyn. 51:2581–92.
  • Yu, G., F. Wang, J. Hu, Y. Liao, and X. Liu. 2019. Value assessment of health losses caused by PM2.5 in Changsha City, China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 16:2063.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.