References
- Borge, R., J. Lumbreras, S. Vardoulakis, P. Kassomenos, and E. Rodriguez. 2007. Analysis of long-range transport influences on urban PM10 using two-stage atmospheric trajectory clusters. Atmos. Environ. 41 (21):4434–50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.053.
- Brankov, E., S. T. Rao, and P. S. Porter. 1998. A trajectory-clustering correlation methodology for examining the long-range transport of air pollutants. Atmos. Environ. 32 (9):1525–34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00388-9.
- Breiman, L. 2001. Random forests. Mach. Learn. 45 (1):5–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010933404324.
- Burnett, R., H. Chen, M. Szyszkowicz, N. Fann, B. Hubbell, C. A. Pope, J. S. Apte, M. Brauer, A. Cohen, S. Weichenthal, et al. 2018. Global estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter. Proc Natl Acad Sci 115 (38):9592–97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803222115.
- Calderon-garciduenas, L., R. J. Kulesza, R. L. Doty, A. D’Angiulli, R. Torres-Jardón. 2015. Megacities air pollution problems: Mexico City Metropolitan Area critical issues on the central nervous system pediatric impact. Environ. Res. 137:157–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.12.012.
- Chen, F. H., X. M. Chen, J. H. Chen, A. Zhou, D. Wu, L. Tang, X. Zhang, X. Huang, J. Yu. 2014. Holocene vegetation history, precipitation changes and Indian Summer Monsoon evolution documented from sediments of Xingyun Lake, south-west China. J. Quat. Sci. 29 (7):661–74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2735.
- Chen, X. Y., Z. C. He, and L. J. Sun. 2019b. A Bayesian tensor decomposition approach for spatiotemporal traffic data imputation. Transp. Res. Part C: Emerg.Technol. 98:73–84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2018.11.003.
- Chen, P. F., S. C. Kang, J. H. Yang, C. Li, J. Guo, L. Tripathee, S. Kang. 2019a. Spatial and temporal variations of gaseous and particulate pollutants in Six Sites in Tibet, China, during 2016-2017. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 19 (3):516–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2018.10.0360.
- Chen, F. H., Z. C. Yu, M. L. Yang, E. Ito, S. Wang, D. B. Madsen, X. Huang, Y. Zhao, T. Sato, H. John B. Birks, et al. 2008. Holocene moisture evolution in arid Central Asia and its out-of-phase relationship with Asian monsoon history. Quat Sci Rev 27 (3–4):351–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.10.017.
- Cheng, M. D., P. K. Hopke, and Y. Zeng. 1993. A receptor methodology for determining source regions of particle sulfate composition observed at Dorset, Ontario. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 98 (D9):16839–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/92JD02622.
- Cong, Z. Y., S. C. Kang, S. P. Dong, X. D. Liu, and D. H. Qin. 2010. Elemental and individual particle analysis of atmospheric aerosols from high Himalayas. Environ. Monit. Assess. 160 (1–4):323–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0698-3.
- Cutler, D. R., T. C. Edwards, K. H. Beard, A. Cutler, K. T. Hess, J. Gibson, J. J. Lawler. 2007. Random forests for classification in ecology. Ecol. 88 (11):2783–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0539.1.
- Deetz, K., and B. Vogel. 2017. Development of a new gas-flaring emission dataset for southern West Africa. Geosci. Model Dev. 10 (4):1607–20. doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1607-2017.
- Dorling, S. R., T. D. Davies, and C. E. Pierce. 1992. Cluster analysis:a technique for estimating the synoptic meteorological controls on air and precipitation chemistry-method and applications. Atmos. Environ. 26 (14):2575–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(92)90110-7.
- Draxler, R. R., and G. D. Hess. 1998. An overview of the hysplit-4 modeling system for trajectories. Aust. Meteorol. Mag. 47:295–308.
- Franklin, M., K. Chau, L. J. Cushing, and J. E. Johnston. 2019. Characterizing flaring from unconventional oil and gas operations in South Texas using satellite observations. Environ. Sci. Technol. 53 (4):2220–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b05355.
- Guo, J. P., M. J. Deng, S. Lee, F. Wang, Z. Li, P. Zhai, H. Liu, W. Lv, W. Yao, X. Li, et al. 2016. Delaying precipitation and lightning by air pollution over Pearl River Delta. PartI:observational analyses. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 121 (11):6472–88. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023257.
- Hou, X. W., B. Zhu, K. R. Kumar, and W. Lu. 2019. Inter-annual variability in fine particulate matter pollution over China during 2013-2018: Role of meteorology. Atmos. Environ. 214:116842. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116842.
- Hsu, Y. K., T. M. Holsen, and P. K. Hopke. 2003. Comparison of hybrid receptor models to locate PCB sources in Chicago. Atmos. Environ. 37 (4):545–62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00886-5.
- Huang, X. J., J. K. Zhang, B. Luo, L. Wang, G. Tang, Z. Liu, H. Song, W. Zhang, L. Yuan, Y. Wang, et al. 2018. Water-soluble ions in PM 2.5 during spring haze and dust periods in Chengdu, China: Variations, nitrate formation and potential source areas. Environ. Pollut. 243:1740–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.126.
- Ji, Z. M., S. C. Kang, Z. Y. Cong, Q. Zhang, T. Yao. 2015. Simulation of carbonaceous aerosols over the Third Pole and adjacent regions: Distribution, transportation, deposition, and climatic effects. Clim. Dyn. 45 (9–10):2831–46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2509-1.
- Jorba, O., C. Perez, F. Rocadenbosch, and J. M. Baldasano. 2004. Cluster analysis of 4-day back trajectories arriving in the Barcelona area, Spain, from 1997 to 2002. J. Appl. Meteorol. 43 (6):887–901. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0887:CAODBT>2.0.CO;2.
- Kanakidou, M., N. Mihalopoulos, T. Kindap, U. Im, M. Vrekoussis, E. Gerasopoulos, E. Dermitzaki, A. Unal, M. Koçak, K. Markakis, et al. 2011. Megacities as hot spots of air pollution in the East Mediterranean. Atmos. Environ. 45 (6):1223–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.11.048.
- Kang, S. C., Z. Y. Cong, X. P. Wang. 2019. The transboundary transport of air pollutants and their environmental impacts on Tibetan Plateau. Chin. Sci. Bull. 64 (27):2876–84 (in Chinese). doi:https://doi.org/10.1360/TB-2019-0135.
- Langford, A. O., C. J. Senff, R. J. A. Ii, R. M. Banta, R. M. Hardesty. 2010. Long-range transport of ozone from the Los Angeles Basin: A case study. Geophys Res Lett 37 (6):1–5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL042507.
- Li, X. J., S. A. Hussain, S. Sobri, and M. S. M. Said. 2021. Overviewing the air quality models on air pollution in Sichuan Basin, China. Chemosphere 271:129502. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129502.
- Li, W., X. Liu, Y. Zhang, K. Sun, Y. Wu, R. Xue, L. Zeng, Y. Qu, J. An. 2018. Characteristics and formation mechanism of regional haze episodes in the Pearl River Delta of China. J. Environ. Sci. 63:236–49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2017.03.018.
- Li, L. L., Q. W. Tan, Y. H. Zhang, M. Feng, Y. Qu, J. An, X. Liu. 2017. Characteristics and source apportionment of PM 2.5 during persistent extreme haze events in Chengdu, southwest China. Environ. Pollut. 230:718–29. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.029.
- Liao, T. T., K. Gui, W. T. Jiang, S. Wang, B. Wang, Z. Zeng, H. Che, Y. Wang, Y. Sun. 2018. Air stagnation and its impact on air quality during winter in Sichuan and Chongqing, southwestern China. Sci. Total Environ. 635:576–85. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.122.
- Liao, T. T., K. Gui, Y. F. Li, X. Y. Wang, and Y. Sun. 2021. Seasonal distribution and vertical structure of different types of aerosols in southwest China observed from CALIOP. Atmos. Environ. 246:118145. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.118145.
- Liao, J. J., S. Wang, J. Ai, K. Gui, B. Duan, Q. Zhao, X. Zhang, W. Jiang, Y. Sun. 2017. Heavy pollution episodes, transport pathways and potential sources of PM2.5 during the winter of 2013 in Chengdu (China). Sci. Total Environ. 584 (585):1056–65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv2017.01.160.
- Liu, H. M., C. L. Fang, X. L. Zhang, Z. Wang, C. Bao, F. Li. 2017. The effect of natural and anthropogenic actors on haze pollution in Chinese cities: A spatial econometrics approach. J. Clean. Prod. 165:323–33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.127.
- Liu, Z., D. Liu, J. Huang, M. Vaughan, I. Uno, N. Sugimoto, C. Kittaka, C. Trepte, Z. Wang, and C. Hostetler. 2008. Airborne dust distributions over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas derived from the first year of CALIPSO lidar observations. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8 (16):5045–60. doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5045-2008.
- Lyamani, H., F. J. Olmo, and L. Alados-Arboledas. 2005. Saharandust outbreak over southeastern Spain as detected by sun photometer. Atmos. Environ. 39:7276–84.
- MEP (Ministry of Environmental Protection of People’s Republic of China). 2012a. HJ 633-2012 technical regulation on ambient air quality index (on trial). Beijing: China Environ-mental Science Press. ( in Chinese).
- MEP (Ministry of Environmental Protection of People’s Republic of China). 2012b. GB 3095-2012 ambient air quality standards. Beijing: China Environmental Science Press. ( in Chinese).
- Moy, L. A., R. R. Dickerson, and W. F. Ryan. 1994. Relationship between back trajectories and tropospheric trace gas concentrations in rural Virginia. Atmos. Environ. 28 (17):2789–800. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(94)90082-5.
- Polissar, A. V., P. K. Hopke, P. Paatero, Y. J. Kaufmann, D. K. Hall, B. A. Bodhaine, E. G. Dutton, and Harrise, J. M. 1999. The aerosol at Barrow, Alaska: Long-term trends and source locations. Atmos. Environ. 33 (16):2441–58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00423-3.
- Qiao, X., D. Jaffe, Y. Tang, M. Bresnahan, J. Song. 2015. Evaluation of air quality in Chengdu, Sichuan Basin, China: Are China’s air quality standards sufficient yet? Environ. Monit. Assess. 187 (5):1–11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4500-z.
- Rodrıguez, S., X. Querol, A. Alastuey, G. Kallos, and O. Kakaliagou. 2001. Saharan dust contributions to PM10 and TSP levels in Southern and Eastern Spain. Atmos. Environ. 35 (14):2433–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00496-9.
- Salvador, P., B. Artinano, D. G. Alonso, X. Querol, and A. Alastuey. 2004. Identifification and characterisation of sources of PM10 in Madrid (Spain) by statistical methods. Atmos. Environ. 38 (3):435–47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.09.070.
- Sapkota, A., J. M. Symons, J. Kleissl, L. Wang, M. B. Parlange, J. Ondov, P. N. Breysse, G. B. Diette, P. A. Eggleston, T. J. Buckley, et al. 2005. Impact of the 2002 Canadian forest fires on particulate matter air quality in Baltimore City. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (1):24–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/es035311z.
- Schroeder, W., P. Oliva, L. Giglio, and I. A. Csiszar. 2014. The New VIIRS 375m active fire detection data product: Algorithm description and initial assessment. Remote Sens Environ 143:85–96. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.12.008.
- Seibert, P., H. Kromp-Kolb, U. Baltensperger, Jost, D. T., and Schwikowski, M. 1994. Trajectory analysis of high-Alpine air pollution data. In Air pollution modeling and its application X. NATO. Challenges of modern society, ed. S. E. Gryning, M. M. Millán. Boston, MA: Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1817-4_65.
- Sichuan Statistical Yearbook in 2019. 2019. Sichuan Statistical Bureau. China: Chengdu (in Chinese). http://tjj.sc.gov.cn/scstjj/c105855/nj.shtml
- Song, M. D., X. G. Liu, Q. W. Tan, M. Feng, Y. Qu, J. An, Y. Zhang. 2019. Characteristics and formation mechanism of persistent extreme haze pollution events in Chengdu, southwestern China. Environ. Pollut. 251:1–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.081.
- Stafoggia, M., T. Bellander, S. Bucci, M. Davoli, K. de Hoogh, F. De’ Donato, C. Gariazzo, A. Lyapustin, P. Michelozzi, M. Renzi, et al. 2019. Estimation of daily PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in Italy, 2013-2015, using a spatiotemporal land-use random-forest model. Environ. Int. 124:170–79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.016.
- Stohl, A. 1998. Computation, accuracy and applications of trajectories—A review and bibliography. Atmos. Environ. 32 (6):947–66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00457-3.
- Sun, H. W., D. W. Gui, B. W. Yan, Y. Liu, W. Liao, Y. Zhu, C. Lu, N. Zhao. 2016. Assessing the potential of random forest method for estimating solar radiation using air pollution index. Energy Convers. Manage. 119:121–29. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.04.051.
- Sun, S., L. J. Li, Z. H. Wu, A. Gautam, J. Li, W. Zhao. 2020. Variation of industrial air pollution emissions based on VIIRS thermal anomaly data. Atmos. Res. 244:105021. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105021.
- Tao, J., T. T. Cheng, R. J. Zhang, J. J. Cao, L. H. Zhu, Q. Y. Wang, L. Luo, L. Zhang. 2013. Chemical composition of PM2.5 at an urban site of Chengdu in southwestern China. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 30 (4):1070–84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-012-2168-7.
- Tiwari, S., P. K. Hopke, A. S. Pipal, A. K. Srivastava, D. S. Bisht, S. Tiwari, A. K. Singh, V. K. Soni, S. D. Attri. 2015. Intra-urban variability of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and its relationship with optical properties of aerosols over Delhi, India. Atmos. Res. 166:223–32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.07.007.
- Viana, M., X. Querol, A. Alastuey, E. Cuevas, and S. Rodrıguez. 2002. Influence of African dust on the levels of atmospheric particulates in the Canary Islands air quality network. Atmos. Environ. 36 (38):5861–75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00463-6.
- Wang, Y. Q., X. Y. Zhang, and R. R. Draxler. 2009. TrajStat: GIS-based software that uses various trajectory statistical analysis methods to identify potential sources from long-term air pollution measurement data. Environ. Model. Softw. 24 (8):938–39. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2009.01.004.
- Wei, J., W. Huang, Z. Q. Li, W. Xue, Y. Peng, L. Sun, M. Cribb. 2019. Estimating 1-km-resolution PM2.5 concentrations across China using the space-time random forest approach. Remote. Sens. Environ. 231:111221. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2019.111221.
- Whiteman, C. D., S. W. Hoch, J. D. Horel, A. Charland. 2014. Relationship between particulate air pollution and meteorological variables in Utah’s Salt Lake Valley. Atmos. Environ. 94:742–53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.012.
- Wu, R. R., J. Li, Y. F. Hao, Y. Li, L. Zeng, S. Xie. 2016. Evolution process and sources of ambient volatile organic compounds during a severe haze event in Beijing, China. Sci. Total Environ. 560-561:62–72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.030.
- Yin, X. F., B. de Foy, K. P. Wu, C. Feng, S. Kang, Q. Zhang. 2019. Gaseous and particulate pollutants in Lhasa, Tibet during 2013–2017: Spatial variability, temporal variations and implications. Environ. Pollut. 253:68–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2018.10.0360.
- Zeng, Y., and P. K. Hopke. 1989. A study on the sources of acid precipitation in Ontario, Canada. Atmos. Environ. 23 (7):1499–509. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(89)90409-5.
- Zhao, S. P., Y. Yu, D. H. Qin, D. Yin, L. Dong, J. He. 2018. Analyses of regional pollution and transportation of PM2.5 and ozone in the city clusters of Sichuan Basin, China. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 10 (2):374–85. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2018.08.014.
- Zhu, J., X. Xia, J. Wang, J. Zhang, C. Wiedinmyer, J. A. Fisher, and C. A. Keller. 2017. Impact of Southeast Asian smoke on aerosol properties in Southwest China: First comparison of model simulations with satellite and ground observations. J. Geophys. Res: Atmos. 122 (7):3904–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025793.